General Information of Disease (ID: DISSBE0K)

Disease Name Anaplastic astrocytoma
Synonyms grade III astrocytic tumor; anaplastic astrocytoma; grade III astrocytoma; malignant astrocytoma; astrocytoma, anaplastic, malignant; grade III astrocytic tumour; grade III astrocytic neoplasm
Disease Class 2A00: Brain cancer
Definition
Anaplastic astrocytoma is a rare, high-grade, malignant glial tumor, histologically characterized by abundance of pleomorphic astrocytes and multiple mitotic figures, often associated with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding tissue, considerable edema and mass effect and involvement of the contralateral brain. Depending on the primary localization of the tumor, patients can present with signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, papilledema), seizures, progressive neurological deficits, and/or behavioral changes. The tumor is most commonly localized in the frontal and temporal lobes, brain stem and spinal cord.
Disease Hierarchy
DISL3V18: Astrocytoma
DIS8I7W1: Anaplastic cancer
DISMP7I5: High grade astrocytic tumor
DISSBE0K: Anaplastic astrocytoma
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 2A00.0
ICD-9
ICD-9: 191
Expand ICD-11
'XH96C7
Expand ICD-9
191
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0016684
MESH ID
D001254
UMLS CUI
C0334579
MedGen ID
137784
Orphanet ID
251589
SNOMED CT ID
55353007

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
TG02 DMZFIGQ Phase 1/2 Small molecular drug [1]
PAC1 DMYQUIP Phase 1 Small molecular drug [1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 26 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ATP2A2 TTE6THL Limited Altered Expression [2]
BRAF TT0EOB8 Limited Autosomal dominant [3]
HIF1A TTSN6QU Limited Altered Expression [4]
MET TTNDSF4 Limited Biomarker [5]
ACVR1 TTJNBQA moderate Biomarker [6]
AR TTKPW01 moderate Biomarker [7]
ESR1 TTZAYWL moderate Biomarker [7]
ESR2 TTOM3J0 moderate Biomarker [7]
FGFR1 TTRLW2X moderate Biomarker [8]
NCOA3 TT124R0 moderate Biomarker [7]
NTRK2 TTKN7QR moderate Biomarker [8]
BRAF TT0EOB8 Strong Genetic Variation [9]
DLL3 TT1C9K6 Strong Biomarker [10]
FGFR4 TT1KX2S Strong Genetic Variation [11]
HGF TT4V2JM Strong Biomarker [12]
LATS2 TTML7FG Strong Biomarker [13]
MGMT TTJ8DV7 Strong Biomarker [14]
MMP3 TTUZ2L5 Strong Biomarker [15]
NOTCH1 TTB1STW Strong Biomarker [10]
NOTCH2 TT82FVD Strong Altered Expression [16]
PTPN11 TT7WUAV Strong Biomarker [17]
RNMT TTG45HY Strong Biomarker [18]
SLC38A5 TTC8YPT Strong Biomarker [19]
TMEM97 TT9NXW4 Strong Altered Expression [20]
TNFRSF13C TT7NJSE Strong Altered Expression [21]
METAP2 TTZL0OI Definitive Genetic Variation [22]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 26 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC20A1 DTMULXV moderate Altered Expression [23]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This Disease Is Related to 43 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
BRAF OT7S81XQ Limited Autosomal dominant [3]
IDH2 OTTQA4PB Limited Genetic Variation [24]
APIP OT8ZABOU Disputed Biomarker [25]
ATP1B2 OTYTBYVU Disputed Altered Expression [26]
ATRN OTTCLOPV Disputed Biomarker [27]
CEP85L OTSHJFOT Disputed Biomarker [25]
KIAA1549 OTA5B18F moderate Biomarker [8]
KIF14 OTXHT4JM moderate Biomarker [28]
NDRG1 OTVO66BO moderate Biomarker [29]
NF1 OTC29NHH moderate Biomarker [8]
POU1F1 OTXT8A5C moderate Altered Expression [23]
ADGRE2 OTUYJVYG Strong Biomarker [30]
ADGRE5 OTTSB84Q Strong Biomarker [30]
APOD OTT77XW8 Strong Biomarker [31]
APTX OTPAS5G8 Strong Biomarker [32]
ATP23 OT303R2T Strong Biomarker [33]
ATRX OT77RSQW Strong Genetic Variation [34]
CDCA7L OT1FFWKC Strong Altered Expression [35]
CYC1 OT0962IM Strong Altered Expression [36]
DMBT1 OTVNU9D9 Strong Genetic Variation [37]
DUSP4 OT6WAO12 Strong Posttranslational Modification [38]
GPR162 OTK4LT3K Strong Genetic Variation [39]
H3-3B OT9XHQ3C Strong Genetic Variation [40]
HEY1 OTJQL0I3 Strong Biomarker [10]
HEY2 OTU4J3ZI Strong Biomarker [10]
KIF15 OTJRJEXL Strong Biomarker [41]
KIFC1 OTNQDS00 Strong Biomarker [41]
LATS1 OTOOCG4R Strong Biomarker [13]
LRRN2 OTGP2DCY Strong Altered Expression [42]
MMP25 OT3BG37V Strong Altered Expression [43]
MSH4 OTJZMG1Z Strong Genetic Variation [44]
OLIG2 OTMCN6D3 Strong Biomarker [45]
PYGO2 OTZHB2OI Strong Biomarker [46]
RASD1 OT2BAJHK Strong Altered Expression [47]
SCG5 OTXSJMT1 Strong Biomarker [48]
SLTM OT0VRZA6 Strong Biomarker [18]
TFG OT2KJENI Strong Genetic Variation [49]
TSC22D1 OTN4GFWD Strong Altered Expression [50]
ABR OTZQK8JF Definitive Biomarker [51]
FABP7 OTRE2H4G Definitive Biomarker [52]
LAMC1 OTIG527N Definitive Biomarker [53]
SETX OTG3JNOQ Definitive Biomarker [32]
SMARCE1 OTAX4ITH Definitive Genetic Variation [54]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 43 DOT(s)

References

1 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
2 High ATP2A2 expression correlates with better prognosis of diffuse astrocytic tumor patients.Oncol Rep. 2017 May;37(5):2865-2874. doi: 10.3892/or.2017.5528. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
3 Classification of Genes: Standardized Clinical Validity Assessment of Gene-Disease Associations Aids Diagnostic Exome Analysis and Reclassifications. Hum Mutat. 2017 May;38(5):600-608. doi: 10.1002/humu.23183. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
4 Differential expression of HIF-1 in glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma.Int J Oncol. 2012 Oct;41(4):1260-70. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1555. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
5 Comparative In Vitro Study of (11)C-Methionine and (11)C-Deuterodeprenyl Uptake in Three Human Glioma Cell Lines.Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2017 Nov;32(9):344-350. doi: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2334.
6 Recurrent somatic mutations in ACVR1 in pediatric midline high-grade astrocytoma.Nat Genet. 2014 May;46(5):462-6. doi: 10.1038/ng.2950. Epub 2014 Apr 6.
7 Expression of estrogen receptors, androgen receptor and steroid receptor coactivator-3 is negatively correlated to the differentiation of astrocytic tumors.Cancer Epidemiol. 2014 Jun;38(3):291-7. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
8 Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma.Nat Genet. 2013 Aug;45(8):927-32. doi: 10.1038/ng.2682. Epub 2013 Jun 30.
9 Inhibition of MEK confers hypersensitivity to X-radiation in the context of BRAF mutation in a model of childhood astrocytoma.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015 Oct;62(10):1768-74. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25579. Epub 2015 May 15.
10 Inhibition of notch signaling blocks growth of glioblastoma cell lines and tumor neurospheres.Genes Cancer. 2010 Aug;1(8):822-35. doi: 10.1177/1947601910383564.
11 Analysis of a single nucleotide polymorphism in codon 388 of the FGFR4 gene in malignant gliomas.Cancer Lett. 2006 Aug 8;239(2):239-45. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.08.013. Epub 2005 Sep 29.
12 Agonists of the retinoic acid- and retinoid X-receptors inhibit hepatocyte growth factor secretion and expression in U87 human astrocytoma cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2001 Feb 19;87(1):100-8. doi: 10.1016/s0165-3806(00)00154-1.
13 Promoter hypermethylation-mediated down-regulation of LATS1 and LATS2 in human astrocytoma. Neurosci Res. 2006 Dec;56(4):450-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.09.006. Epub 2006 Oct 17.
14 MGMT: Immunohistochemical Detection in High-Grade Astrocytomas.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2019 Jan 1;78(1):57-64. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nly110.
15 Glycitein inhibits glioma cell invasion through down-regulation of MMP-3 and MMP-9 gene expression.Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Apr 15;185(1):18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.02.037. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
16 Constitutive Notch2 signaling in neural stem cells promotes tumorigenic features and astroglial lineage entry.Cell Death Dis. 2012 Jun 21;3(6):e325. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2012.65.
17 Occurrence of high-grade glioma in Noonan syndrome: Report of two cases.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019 May;66(5):e27625. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27625. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
18 RNA-seq of 272 gliomas revealed a novel, recurrent PTPRZ1-MET fusion transcript in secondary glioblastomas.Genome Res. 2014 Nov;24(11):1765-73. doi: 10.1101/gr.165126.113. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
19 Increased expression of a glutamine transporter SNAT3 is a marker of malignant gliomas. Neuroreport. 2004 Mar 22;15(4):575-8.
20 Sigma-2 receptor/TMEM97 agonist PB221 as an alternative drug for brain tumor.BMC Cancer. 2019 May 20;19(1):473. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5700-7.
21 Molecular characterization of a novel human brain tumor-associated gene BR-3.Anticancer Res. 2002 May-Jun;22(3):1467-74.
22 Diagnostic utility of IDH1- and p53-mutation analysis in secondary gliosarcoma.Clin Neuropathol. 2011 Sep-Oct;30(5):231-4. doi: 10.5414/np300375.
23 Gefitinib inhibits sodium phosphate co-transporter III isoform 1 in a model of human malignant glioma.Anticancer Res. 2014 Nov;34(11):6527-35.
24 c-Met Expression Is a Useful Marker for Prognosis Prediction in IDH-Mutant Lower-Grade Gliomas and IDH-Wildtype Glioblastomas.World Neurosurg. 2019 Jun;126:e1042-e1049. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.040. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
25 Breakpoint analysis of transcriptional and genomic profiles uncovers novel gene fusions spanning multiple human cancer types.PLoS Genet. 2013 Apr;9(4):e1003464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003464. Epub 2013 Apr 25.
26 Identification of novel genes associated with astrocytoma progression using suppression subtractive hybridization and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Int J Cancer. 2006 Nov 15;119(10):2330-8. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22108.
27 Attractin is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with malignant astrocytoma and mediates glioma cell migration.Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 1;12(21):6331-6. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1296.
28 Inhibition of KIF14 Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma.Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;37(5):1659-70. doi: 10.1159/000438532. Epub 2015 Nov 5.
29 Hypoxia upregulates the expression of the NDRG1 gene leading to its overexpression in various human cancers.BMC Genet. 2004 Sep 2;5:27. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-5-27.
30 Proportional upregulation of CD97 isoforms in glioblastoma and glioblastoma-derived brain tumor initiating cells.PLoS One. 2015 Feb 25;10(2):e0111532. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111532. eCollection 2015.
31 Progression-associated genes in astrocytoma identified by novel microarray gene expression data reanalysis.Methods Mol Biol. 2007;377:203-22. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-390-5_13.
32 1p/19q codeletion and IDH1/2 mutation identified a subtype of anaplastic oligoastrocytomas with prognosis as favorable as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.Neuro Oncol. 2013 Jun;15(6):775-82. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/not027. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
33 KUB3 amplification and overexpression in human gliomas.Glia. 2001 Oct;36(1):1-10. doi: 10.1002/glia.1090.
34 Phosphorylated Hsp27 is mutually exclusive with ATRX loss and the IDH1(R132H) mutation and may predict better prognosis among glioblastomas without the IDH1 mutation and ATRX loss.J Clin Pathol. 2018 Aug;71(8):702-707. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205000. Epub 2018 Mar 17.
35 Cell division cycle associated 7 like predicts unfavorable prognosis and promotes invasion in glioma.Pathol Res Pract. 2019 Jan;215(1):50-56. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.023. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
36 Selection of suitable reference genes for expression analysis in human glioma using RT-qPCR.J Neurooncol. 2015 May;123(1):35-42. doi: 10.1007/s11060-015-1772-7. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
37 PTEN, DMBT1, and p16 alterations in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas.Int J Oncol. 2002 Sep;21(3):667-74.
38 Epigenetic downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase MKP-2 relieves its growth suppressive activity in glioma cells.Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 15;70(4):1689-99. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3218. Epub 2010 Feb 2.
39 IDH mutant diffuse and anaplastic astrocytomas have similar age at presentation and little difference in survival: a grading problem for WHO.Acta Neuropathol. 2015 Jun;129(6):867-73. doi: 10.1007/s00401-015-1438-8. Epub 2015 May 12.
40 Pediatric thalamic glioma with H3F3A K27M mutation, which was detected before and after malignant transformation: a case report.Childs Nerv Syst. 2016 Dec;32(12):2433-2438. doi: 10.1007/s00381-016-3161-8. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
41 Expression of targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 is associated with progression of human malignant astrocytoma.Brain Res. 2010 Sep 17;1352:200-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.060. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
42 GAC1, a new member of the leucine-rich repeat superfamily on chromosome band 1q32.1, is amplified and overexpressed in malignant gliomas.Oncogene. 1998 Jun 11;16(23):2997-3002. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201828.
43 Human MT6-matrix metalloproteinase: identification, progelatinase A activation, and expression in brain tumors.Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 15;60(4):877-82.
44 TP53, MSH4, and LATS1 germline mutations in a family with clustering of nervous system tumors.Am J Pathol. 2014 Sep;184(9):2374-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.017. Epub 2014 Jul 18.
45 Candidate genes for the progression of malignant gliomas identified by microarray analysis.Neurosurg Rev. 2008 Jan;31(1):83-9; discussion 89-90. doi: 10.1007/s10143-007-0107-3. Epub 2007 Oct 5.
46 Immunohistochemistry analysis of Pygo2 expression in central nervous system tumors.J Cell Commun Signal. 2019 Mar;13(1):75-84. doi: 10.1007/s12079-018-0476-0. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
47 Overexpression of RASD1 inhibits glioma cell migration/invasion and inactivates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 9;7(1):3202. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03612-0.
48 Frequent epigenetic inactivation of the chaperone SGNE1/7B2 in human gliomas.Int J Cancer. 2012 Aug 1;131(3):612-22. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26416. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
49 Autologous glioma cell vaccine admixed with interleukin-4 gene transfected fibroblasts in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas.J Transl Med. 2007 Dec 19;5:67. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-67.
50 Downregulation of putative tumor suppressor gene TSC-22 in human brain tumors.J Surg Oncol. 2003 Jan;82(1):57-64. doi: 10.1002/jso.10180.
51 Deletion of chromosome arm 17p DNA sequences in pediatric high-grade and juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1995 Mar;12(3):165-72. doi: 10.1002/gcc.2870120303.
52 Fatty acid binding protein 7 as a marker of glioma stem cells.Pathol Int. 2013 Nov;63(11):546-53. doi: 10.1111/pin.12109.
53 Identification of COL1A1 as an invasionrelated gene in malignant astrocytoma.Int J Oncol. 2018 Dec;53(6):2542-2554. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4568. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
54 Anaplastic Astrocytoma in a Child With Coffin-Siris Syndrome and a Germline SMARCE1 Mutation: A Case Report.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2020 Apr;42(3):e177-e180. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001361.