Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC4KR16)

• Drug Combination Name: Pentamidine + Olmesartan medoxomil
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Pentamidine (DMHZJCG): Small molecular drug
  Olmesartan medoxomil (DMWBHRY): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.97
  Bliss Independence Score: 1.97
  Loewe Additivity Score: 13.82
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 13.83

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Pentamidine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
African trypanosomiasis	1F51	Approved	[2]
Fungal infection	1F29-1F2F	Approved	[3]
Pneumocystis pneumonia	CA40.20	Approved	[2]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Withdrawn from market	[4]

Pentamidine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tryptase alpha/beta-1 (Tryptase)	TTM1TDX	TRYB1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[7]

Pentamidine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

Pentamidine Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Pentamidine Interacts with 26 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	OTGLBN29	CP2C9_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)	OT4FU8C0	NUPR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3)	OT9BP2S0	AACT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Serine protease hepsin (HPN)	OT7QNA61	HEPS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver (FABP1)	OTR34ETM	FABPL_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS)	OT8R922G	ASNS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3)	OT2HZK5M	GTR3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Lanosterol synthase (LSS)	OT9W2SFH	LSS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE)	OTOI2NYG	INHBE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (NR0B2)	OT7UVICX	NR0B2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 4 (FNDC4)	OTOQK0WK	FNDC4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1)	OTB36PHJ	DEPP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Nibrin (NBN)	OT73B5MD	NBN_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[12]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain (HLA-DQB1)	OTVVI3UI	DQB1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[14]
Interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1)	OTCTQBWW	INGR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[12]
Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 (MRE11)	OTGU8TZM	MRE11_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM)	OTQVOHLT	ATM_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 (KAT5)	OTL7257A	KAT5_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[18]

Indication(s) of Olmesartan medoxomil

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
High blood pressure	BA00	Approved	[5]

Olmesartan medoxomil Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Angiotensin II receptor type-1 (AGTR1)	TT8DBY3	AGTR1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[19]

Olmesartan medoxomil Interacts with 8 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[21]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[22]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[23]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4)	DTCSGPB	MRP4_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]
Organic anion transporter 1 (SLC22A6)	DTQ23VB	S22A6_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)	DTVP67E	S22A8_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]

Olmesartan medoxomil Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Tight junction protein ZO-1 (TJP1)	OTBDCUPK	ZO1_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[25]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Pentamidine FDA Label
• [3] Opportunities and challenges in antiparasitic drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Sep;4(9):727-40.
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on endothelial function: focus on olmesartan medoxomil. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):301-14.
• [6] A toxicogenomic approach to drug-induced phospholipidosis: analysis of its induction mechanism and establishment of a novel in vitro screening system. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):282-92.
• [7] Inhibitors of tryptase for the treatment of mast cell-mediated diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 1998 Oct;4(5):381-96.
• [8] Transport of dicationic drugs pentamidine and furamidine by human organic cation transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Feb;37(2):424-30.
• [9] Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;59(5-6):429-42.
• [10] Value of preemptive CYP2C19 genotyping in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients considered for pentamidine administration. Clin Transplant. 2011 May-Jun;25(3):E271-5.
• [11] Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):30-5.
• [12] Bisbenzamidine derivative, pentamidine represses DNA damage response through inhibition of histone H2A acetylation. Mol Cancer. 2010 Feb 9;9:34. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-34.
• [13] Profiling the immunotoxicity of chemicals based on in vitro evaluation by a combination of the Multi-ImmunoTox assay and the IL-8 Luc assay. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jun;92(6):2043-2054. doi: 10.1007/s00204-018-2199-7. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
• [14] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [15] Antileishmanial drugs cause up-regulation of interferon-gamma receptor 1, not only in the monocytes of visceral leishmaniasis cases but also in cultured THP1 cells. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003 Apr;97(3):245-57. doi: 10.1179/000349803235001714.
• [16] Identification of human Ether--go-go related gene modulators by three screening platforms in an academic drug-discovery setting. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2010 Dec;8(6):727-42. doi: 10.1089/adt.2010.0331.
• [17] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
• [18] Investigation of imatinib and other approved drugs as starting points for antidiabetic drug discovery with FXR modulating activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Jun 15;83(12):1674-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.027. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
• [19] Mechanism of diastolic stiffening of the failing myocardium and its prevention by angiotensin receptor and calcium channel blockers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;54(1):47-56.
• [20] Multiple human isoforms of drug transporters contribute to the hepatic and renal transport of olmesartan, a selective antagonist of the angiotensin II AT1-receptor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Dec;35(12):2166-76.
• [21] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
• [22] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01913)
• [23] OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and mrp2 are involved in hepatobiliary transport of olmesartan, a novel angiotensin II blocker. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 May;34(5):862-9.
• [24] A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):216-41.
• [25] Immunopathogenesis of olmesartan-associated enteropathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Dec;42(11-12):1303-14. doi: 10.1111/apt.13413. Epub 2015 Oct 1.