General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCWXQKO)

Drug Combination Name
Abacavir Allopurinol
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Chronic myelogenous leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Abacavir   DMMN36E Allopurinol   DMLPAOB
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 57.63
Bliss Independence Score: 57.63
Loewe Additivity Score: 72.58
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 72.58

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Abacavir
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [2]
Abacavir Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Human immunodeficiency virus Reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) TT84ETX POL_HV1B1 Inhibitor [7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abacavir Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) DTCSGPB MRP4_HUMAN Substrate [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abacavir Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-V (ADH6) DE017IC ADH6_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abacavir Interacts with 26 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain (HLA-B) OTNXFWY2 HLAB_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [13]
C-reactive protein (CRP) OT0RFT8F CRP_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) OTOOXLIN PERM_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) OTB2QDAV MMP9_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) OT085VVA TERT_HUMAN Decreases Activity [15]
Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2) OTJB560Z AL1A2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Albumin (ALB) OTVMM513 ALBU_HUMAN Affects Binding [16]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) OTE4EFH8 CP1A1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
Synaptophysin (SYP) OTFJKMO4 SYPH_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Homeobox protein Hox-B7 (HOXB7) OTC7WYU8 HXB7_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain (HLA-C) OTV38BUJ HLAC_HUMAN Affects Binding [18]
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) OTQ01ZAS GFAP_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Homeobox protein Hox-B9 (HOXB9) OTMVHQOU HXB9_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3) OTN5PJZV PAX3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Paired box protein Pax-6 (PAX6) OTOC9876 PAX6_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Homeobox protein MOX-1 (MEOX1) OTJEMT2D MEOX1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) OTFU0IUW FGF8_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Mesoderm posterior protein 2 (MESP2) OT7H4LYA MESP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Transcription factor 15 (TCF15) OTA6UCWC TCF15_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) OTYXFLSD CP1B1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3 (OLIG3) OTU8XLAF OLIG3_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Eyes absent homolog 1 (EYA1) OTHU807A EYA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) OT83P1E0 FOXC2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [5]
Neurogenin-2 (NEUROG2) OTAEMIGT NGN2_HUMAN Increases Expression [5]
Interleukin-4 (IL4) OTOXBWAU IL4_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [19]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen protein P5 (HCP5) OTV0YRI8 HCP5_HUMAN Increases ADR [20]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 26 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Allopurinol
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Gout FA25 Approved [3]
Hyperuricaemia 5C55.Y Approved [4]
Recurrent adult burkitt lymphoma 2A85.6 Approved [3]
Allopurinol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH) TT7RJY8 XDH_HUMAN Inhibitor [22]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allopurinol Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7) DT0OC1Q S22A7_HUMAN Substrate [23]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8) DTVP67E S22A8_HUMAN Substrate [24]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allopurinol Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase (hALP) DEZV4AP NAT10_HUMAN Metabolism [25]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allopurinol Interacts with 30 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Solute carrier family 22 member 7 (SLC22A7) OTKTNH1W S22A7_HUMAN Increases Transport [26]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain (HLA-B) OTNXFWY2 HLAB_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [27]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain (HLA-C) OTV38BUJ HLAC_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain (HLA-A) OTAH14LU HLAA_HUMAN Increases ADR [29]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain (HLA-DQB1) OTVVI3UI DQB1_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) OTN44YQ5 TMPS2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 (ERN1) OTY9R6FZ ERN1_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
Protein c-Fos (FOS) OTJBUVWS FOS_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) OT4IE164 TNFA_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) OTW3520C APOC3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) OTH0UOCZ APOB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Protein disulfide-isomerase (P4HB) OTTYNYPF PDIA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) OTC1W6UX HMOX1_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5) OTFUIRAO BIP_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) OTAD2HEL CCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Platelet glycoprotein 4 (CD36) OT5CZWKY CD36_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha (ATF6) OTAFHAVI ATF6A_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [33]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [33]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3) OTI8YKKE DDIT3_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP) OTNUVSDT MTP_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Cytochrome P450 4A11 (CYP4A11) OTPU5J0S CP4AB_HUMAN Increases Expression [35]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) OTK095PP PPARA_HUMAN Increases Expression [35]
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) OTM0A0DY ACOX1_HUMAN Increases Expression [35]
Angiopoietin-related protein 3 (ANGPTL3) OTCD5Z9W ANGL3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Glycophorin-A (GYPA) OTABU4YV GLPA_HUMAN Increases ADR [36]
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) OTOOXLIN PERM_HUMAN Increases ADR [36]
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) OTTOIX77 ICAM1_HUMAN Increases ADR [36]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen protein P5 (HCP5) OTV0YRI8 HCP5_HUMAN Increases ADR [37]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 30 DOT(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 Abacavir (marketed as Ziagen) and Abacavir-containing Medications. FDA. 2008.
3 Allopurinol FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6795).
5 Exposure-based assessment of chemical teratogenicity using morphogenetic aggregates of human embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol. 2020 Jan;91:74-91. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.004. Epub 2019 Nov 8.
6 Mitochondrial proliferation, DNA depletion and adipocyte differentiation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of HIV-positive HAART recipients. Antivir Ther. 2003 Aug;8(4):323-31.
7 Quadruple nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors-only regimen of tenofovir plus zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir in heavily pre-treated HIV-1 infected patients: salvage therapy or backbone only Curr HIV Res. 2009 May;7(3):320-6.
8 The transport of anti-HIV drugs across blood-CNS interfaces: summary of current knowledge and recommendations for further research. Antiviral Res. 2009 May;82(2):A99-109.
9 QSAR analysis and molecular modeling of ABCG2-specific inhibitors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Jan 31;61(1):34-46.
10 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
11 A review of the pharmacokinetics of abacavir. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2008;47(6):351-71.
12 Product characteristics of Triumeq.
13 Genetic variations in HLA-B region and hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir. Lancet. 2002 Mar 30;359(9312):1121-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08158-8.
14 Changes in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk after a switch to abacavir in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2009 Nov;10(10):627-33.
15 The antiretroviral nucleoside analogue Abacavir reduces cell growth and promotes differentiation of human medulloblastoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;125(1):235-43. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24331.
16 Binding of anti-HIV drugs to human serum albumin. IUBMB Life. 2004 Oct;56(10):609-14. doi: 10.1080/15216540400016286.
17 Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
18 Harvesting candidate genes responsible for serious adverse drug reactions from a chemical-protein interactome. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Jul;5(7):e1000441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000441. Epub 2009 Jul 24.
19 Intracellular cytokines may model immunoregulation of abacavir hypersensitivity in HIV-infected subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 May;115(5):1081-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1140.
20 The HCP5 single-nucleotide polymorphism: a simple screening tool for prediction of hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. J Infect Dis. 2008 Sep 15;198(6):864-7. doi: 10.1086/591184.
21 Uric acid-lowering treatment with benzbromarone in patients with heart failure: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover preliminary study. Circ Heart Fail. 2010 Jan;3(1):73-81.
22 Allopurinol: xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Tex Med. 1966 Jan;62(1):100-1.
23 Isolation, characterization and differential gene expression of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 in mice. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;62(1):7-14.
24 Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 May;32(5):479-83.
25 Xanthine oxidase inhibition by allopurinol affects the reliability of urinary caffeine metabolic ratios as markers for N-acetyltransferase 2 and CYP1A2 activities. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jan;54(11):869-76.
26 Transport mechanism and substrate specificity of human organic anion transporter 2 (hOat2 [SLC22A7]). J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 May;57(5):573-8.
27 HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 15;102(11):4134-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409500102. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
28 A study of HLA class I and class II 4-digit allele level in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Int J Immunogenet. 2011 Aug;38(4):303-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2011.01011.x. Epub 2011 May 4.
29 Positive and negative associations of HLA class I alleles with allopurinol-induced SCARs in Koreans. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 May;21(5):303-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834282b8.
30 Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Dec;94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
31 Drug-induced hepatic steatosis in absence of severe mitochondrial dysfunction in HepaRG cells: proof of multiple mechanism-based toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2021 Apr;37(2):151-175. doi: 10.1007/s10565-020-09537-1. Epub 2020 Jun 14.
32 Selection of drugs to test the specificity of the Tg.AC assay by screening for induction of the gadd153 promoter in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):260-70. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg113. Epub 2003 May 2.
33 Allopurinol induces innate immune responses through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2016 Sep;36(9):1120-8. doi: 10.1002/jat.3272. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
34 Systemic drugs inducing non-immediate cutaneous adverse reactions and contact sensitizers evoke similar responses in THP-1 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2015 Apr;35(4):398-406. doi: 10.1002/jat.3033. Epub 2014 Aug 4.
35 Allopurinol Protects Against Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice Not Through Depletion of Uric Acid. Toxicol Sci. 2021 May 27;181(2):295-305. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab034.
36 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
37 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for human leukocyte antigen-B genotype and allopurinol dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Feb;93(2):153-8. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.209. Epub 2012 Oct 17.