Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISL8D8G)

Disease Name	Acute otitis media
Synonyms	otitis media; infectious otitis Media; acute otitis Media; AOM; middle Ear infection
Disease Class	AA80-AB0Z: Otitis media
Definition	Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the middle ear secondary to an infectious process. Bacterial etiology is most common, but both viral and fungal pathogens are also possible. Symptoms include erythema and edema of the tympanic membrane, pain, and possibly fever. In severe infections, inflammation and edema of the structures of the middle ear can lead to perforation of the tympanic membrane secondary to the buildup of pressure in the narrow space.
Disease Hierarchy	DIS8ZWQ4: Ear infection DISGZDUO: Otitis media DISEM33Q: Infectious disease DISL8D8G: Acute otitis media
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: AB00
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0024330 UMLS CUI C2827407 MedGen ID 443472 HPO ID HP:0000371 SNOMED CT ID 3110003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 16 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Amoxicillin	DMUYNEI	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Ampicillin	DMHWE7P	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Cefixime	DMY60I8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Cefpodoxime	DMJUNY5	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Cefprozil	DM7DSYP	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Cefradine	DMUNSWV	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Ceftibuten	DMWV2AG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]
Cefuroxime	DMSIMD8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[8]
Cephalexin	DMD5JU8	Approved	Small molecular drug	[9]
Clarithromycin	DM4M1SG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[10]
Erythromycin	DM4K7GQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[11]
Penicillin V	DMKVOYF	Approved	Small molecular drug	[12]
Sulfamethizole	DMGCHDS	Approved	Small molecular drug	[13]
Sulfamethoxazole	DMB08GE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[14]
Sulfisoxazole	DMXLT8C	Approved	Small molecular drug	[15]
Trimethoprim	DMM7CHK	Approved	Small molecular drug	[16]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 16 Drug(s)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Benzylpenicillin	DMS9503	Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[17]
OP0201	DMSDGEJ	Phase 2	NA	[18]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 11 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
DEFB4A	TTIVY12	Limited	Biomarker	[20]
MUC5AC	TTEL90S	Limited	Altered Expression	[21]
BPI	TTXCSDR	Strong	Genetic Variation	[22]
FBXO11	TT6G10V	Strong	Genetic Variation	[23]
FDPS	TTIKWV4	Strong	Genetic Variation	[24]
GALNS	TTT9YPO	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
NISCH	TT789FN	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
NT5E	TTK0O6Y	Strong	Genetic Variation	[27]
OPHN1	TTU7HRD	Strong	Genetic Variation	[28]
PORCN	TTNFBTO	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
SMC2	TTS8D17	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 28 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
MCPH1	OTYT3TT5	Limited	Biomarker	[31]
AQP8	OT99JKME	moderate	Altered Expression	[32]
PIP	OTH719AH	moderate	Biomarker	[33]
TGIF1	OTN9VHAG	moderate	Genetic Variation	[34]
BPIFA1	OTQFD2J5	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
C7	OTZ27VJN	Strong	Biomarker	[35]
CAPN14	OTWKW0Y6	Strong	Biomarker	[36]
CFAP97	OT0RSQO4	Strong	Biomarker	[37]
CRYGC	OTYSTQWI	Strong	Altered Expression	[38]
DHRS2	OTFHWIY8	Strong	Biomarker	[39]
DNAI2	OTHK0PS4	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
DOCK3	OTF3YS2W	Strong	Biomarker	[40]
FJX1	OT8SVTSS	Strong	Biomarker	[41]
GALNT14	OT9BSDDQ	Strong	Biomarker	[36]
ITFG1	OTX0PCR3	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
MED1	OTOO24C4	Strong	Biomarker	[40]
METTL8	OT7E09Y4	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
MUC5B	OTPW6K5C	Strong	Biomarker	[43]
NRARP	OTMYHUV2	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
PACC1	OTKBS8CC	Strong	Biomarker	[44]
PAGR1	OTXR5PQ8	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
POLD4	OTG578YH	Strong	Biomarker	[45]
POLE4	OTCMWUT6	Strong	Biomarker	[45]
PPP2R2D	OTCZPP0N	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
RPL38	OTFQIGL5	Strong	Biomarker	[47]
SFTPA2	OT6SFOMU	Strong	Genetic Variation	[48]
SH3PXD2B	OTAOMCDJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[49]
TIPRL	OTS2FZ8O	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 28 DOT(s)

References

1	Amoxicillin FDA Label
2	Ampicillin FDA Label
3	Cefixime FDA Label
4	Cefpodoxime FDA Label
5	Cefprozil FDA Label
6	[Double-blind comparative trial of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media]. Jpn J Antibiot. 1983 Sep;36(9):2595-634.
7	Ceftibuten FDA Label
8	Cefuroxime FDA Label
9	Cephalexin FDA Label
10	Clarithromycin FDA Label
11	Erythromycin FDA Label
12	Penicillin V FDA Label
13	Sulfamethizole FDA Label
14	Sulfamethoxazole FDA Label
15	Sulfisoxazole FDA Label
16	Trimethoprim FDA Label
17	Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates from children with acute otitis media in Japan from 2014 to 2017. J Infect Chemother. 2019 Mar;25(3):229-232.
18	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03818815) A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of OP0201 as an Adjunct Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Infants and Children Aged 6 to 24 Months. U.S.National Institutes of Health.
19	Emerging therapies for the treatment and prevention of otitis media. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):251-64.
20	Therapeutic potential of adenovirus-mediated delivery of -defensin 2 for experimental otitis media.Innate Immun. 2015 Feb;21(2):215-24. doi: 10.1177/1753425914534002. Epub 2014 May 19.
21	The Role of the Notch Signal Pathway in Mucosal Cell Metaplasia in Mouse Acute Otitis Media.Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 4;7(1):4588. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04639-z.
22	Loss of the homeostatic protein BPIFA1, leads to exacerbation of otitis media severity in the Junbo mouse model.Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 15;8(1):3128. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21166-7.
23	FBXO11, a regulator of the TGF pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian children.Genes Immun. 2011 Jul;12(5):352-9. doi: 10.1038/gene.2011.2. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
24	Adaptation of pain scales for parent observation: are pain scales and symptoms useful in detecting pain of young children with the suspicion of acute otitis media?.BMC Pediatr. 2018 Dec 20;18(1):392. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1361-y.
25	Bacterial causes of otitis media with spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane in the era of 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.PLoS One. 2019 Feb 1;14(2):e0211712. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211712. eCollection 2019.
26	A mutation in Nischarin causes otitis media via LIMK1 and NF-B pathways.PLoS Genet. 2017 Aug 14;13(8):e1006969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006969. eCollection 2017 Aug.
27	The association between allergic rhinitis and otitis media: A national representative sample of in South Korean children.Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 7;9(1):1610. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38369-7.
28	Expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with OPHN1 variants.Eur J Med Genet. 2019 Feb;62(2):137-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
29	Zygotic Porcn paternal allele deletion in mice to model human focal dermal hypoplasia.PLoS One. 2013 Nov 1;8(11):e79139. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079139. eCollection 2013.
30	The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and thymoquinone on otitis media with effusion in rats.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 May;96:94-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Mar 7.
31	Emerging roles of MCPH1: expedition from primary microcephaly to cancer.Eur J Cell Biol. 2014 Mar;93(3):98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
32	Expression of aquaporins mRNAs in patients with otitis media.Acta Otolaryngol. 2018 Aug;138(8):701-707. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1447685. Epub 2018 Apr 1.
33	The prolactin inducible protein/gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 deficient mice develop anomalies in lymphoid organs.Immunobiology. 2019 Nov;224(6):811-816. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.08.005. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
34	A mouse-to-man candidate gene study identifies association of chronic otitis media with the loci TGIF1 and FBXO11.Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 2;7(1):12496. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12784-8.
35	How partial C7 deficiency with chronic and recurrent bacterial infections can mimic total C7 deficiency: temporary restoration of host C7 levels following plasma transfusion.Immunology. 1996 Jul;88(3):407-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-663.x.
36	Genome-wide association study to identify the genetic determinants of otitis media susceptibility in childhood.PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48215. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048215. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
37	Adhesin expression in matched nasopharyngeal and middle ear isolates of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae from children with acute otitis media.Infect Immun. 1999 Jan;67(1):449-54. doi: 10.1128/IAI.67.1.449-454.1999.
38	Otitis Media and Nasopharyngeal Colonization in ccl3(-/-) Mice.Infect Immun. 2017 Oct 18;85(11):e00148-17. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00148-17. Print 2017 Nov.
39	Haemophilus influenzae-protein D specific antibody correlate with protection against acute otitis media in young children.Vaccine. 2018 Feb 21;36(9):1133-1135. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.021. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
40	Nasopharyngeal carriage of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of penicillin-binding proteins.Acta Otolaryngol. 2002 Jan;122(1):72-7. doi: 10.1080/00016480252775779.
41	Four jointed box 1 promotes angiogenesis and is associated with poor patient survival in colorectal carcinoma.PLoS One. 2013 Jul 29;8(7):e69660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069660. Print 2013.
42	The "TIP algorithm" for the accurate diagnosis of pediatric otitis media.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Sep;124:185-189. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.05.028. Epub 2019 May 27.
43	Relationship of the Middle Ear Effusion Microbiome to Secretory Mucin Production in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Otitis Media.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017 Jul;36(7):635-640. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001493.
44	Surface Proteins and Pneumolysin of Encapsulated and Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae Mediate Virulence in a Chinchilla Model of Otitis Media.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2016 May 18;6:55. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00055. eCollection 2016.
45	Pathological features in the LmnaDhe/+ mutant mouse provide a novel model of human otitis media and laminopathies.Am J Pathol. 2012 Sep;181(3):761-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.031. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
46	Genetic and functional evidence for a locus controlling otitis media at chromosome 10q26.3.BMC Med Genet. 2014 Feb 6;15:18. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-18.
47	Ectopic mineralization in the middle ear and chronic otitis media with effusion caused by RPL38 deficiency in the Tail-short (Ts) mouse.J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 28;286(4):3079-93. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.184598. Epub 2010 Nov 9.
48	Association of surfactant protein A polymorphisms with otitis media in infants at risk for asthma.BMC Med Genet. 2006 Aug 2;7:68. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-68.
49	Sh3pxd2b mice are a model for craniofacial dysmorphology and otitis media.PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022622. Epub 2011 Jul 27.