Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCFYM3F)

• Drug Combination Name: Atenolol + Pamidronate
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Atenolol (DMNKG1Z): Small molecular drug
  Pamidronate (DMB4AVP): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.34
  Bliss Independence Score: 0.34
  Loewe Additivity Score: 14.3
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 14.31

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Atenolol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[2]
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[3]
Malignant essential hypertension	BA00	Approved	[2]
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[2]

Atenolol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1)	TTR6W5O	ADRB1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[7]

Atenolol Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2)	DTE2B1D	SO1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]

Atenolol Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]

Atenolol Interacts with 16 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[13]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)	OTMQNTNX	ANF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Reduced folate transporter (SLC19A1)	OTWB0BTO	S19A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 (SLC6A8)	OT88C8JA	SC6A8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N (SNRPN)	OTQB1ID1	RSMN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 (FKBP5)	OT404F9K	FKBP5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 (SLCO4C1)	OTVILUUN	SO4C1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
C-type lectin domain family 2 member B (CLEC2B)	OT0W0M0L	CLC2B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2)	OT0PF19E	RYR2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[19]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[20]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[21]
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A)	OTZFGOTP	ADA2A_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[22]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1)	OTZNQUW9	KCNE1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[21]

Indication(s) of Pamidronate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Bone Paget disease	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Hypercalcaemia	5B91.0	Approved	[5]

Pamidronate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Geranyltranstransferase (FDPS)	TTIKWV4	FPPS_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[23]

Pamidronate Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
C-reactive protein (CRP)	OT0RFT8F	CRP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Osteocalcin (BGLAP)	OTK1YLWQ	OSTCN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B)	OTQ4W7MT	TR11B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1)	OTI31178	CO1A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[27]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Ras-related protein Rap-1A (RAP1A)	OT5RH6TI	RAP1A_HUMAN	Decreases Prenylation	[29]
Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK)	OTTH1T3D	BIK_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[30]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
• [2] Atenolol FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 548).
• [4] Pamidronate FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7259).
• [6] Change in mRNA Expression after Atenolol, a Beta-adrenergic Receptor Antagonist and Association with Pharmacological Response. Arch Drug Inf. 2009 Sep;2(3):41-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2009.00020.x.
• [7] Prediction and experimental validation of acute toxicity of beta-blockers in Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 Oct;24(10):2470-6.
• [8] Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1. Life Sci. 2002 Feb 15;70(13):1491-500.
• [9] Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 26;56(18):7232-42.
• [10] Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;70(5):645-55.
• [11] Metabolism of atenolol in man. Xenobiotica. 1978 May;8(5):313-20.
• [12] Application of substrate depletion assay to evaluation of CYP isoforms responsible for stereoselective metabolism of carvedilol. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2016 Dec;31(6):425-432.
• [13] Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
• [14] Effects of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and atenolol alone or in combination in patients with hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2008 Sep;9(3):163-75. doi: 10.1177/1470320308096411.
• [15] Atenolol improves ventricular function without changing plasma noradrenaline but decreasing plasma atrial natriuretic factor in chronic heart failure. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2002 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):261-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1474-8673.2002.00266.x.
• [16] Atenolol-induced regulation of leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors in hypertension. Pharmacology. 1984;29(4):210-4. doi: 10.1159/000138015.
• [17] A comparison of atenolol and nebivolol in isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2008 Feb;26(2):351-6. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f283c9.
• [18] Folic acid uptake by the human syncytiotrophoblast: interference by pharmacotherapy, drugs of abuse and pathological conditions. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Dec;28(4):511-20. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
• [19] Beta-blockers restore calcium release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in human heart failure. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2459-66. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000068316.53218.49. Epub 2003 May 12.
• [20] CACNA1C gene polymorphisms, cardiovascular disease outcomes, and treatment response. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009 Aug;2(4):362-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.857839. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
• [21] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [22] Single nucleotide polymorphisms predict the change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens. 2004 Dec;22(12):2321-8. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200412000-00014.
• [23] Detection of nonsterol isoprenoids by HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Biochem. 2008 Dec 1;383(1):18-24.
• [24] Pamidronate increases markers of bone formation in patients with multiple myeloma in plateau phase under interferon-alpha treatment. Calcif Tissue Int. 2001 May;68(5):285-90.
• [25] Bisphosphonates pamidronate and zoledronic acid stimulate osteoprotegerin production by primary human osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Mar 1;291(3):680-6. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6510.
• [26] Expression profile and synthesis of different collagen types I, II, III, and V of human gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and SaOS-2 cells after bisphosphonate treatment. Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Feb;14(1):51-8. doi: 10.1007/s00784-009-0312-2. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
• [27] Bisphosphonates induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 2000 Apr;82(8):1459-68. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1131.
• [28] Pamidronate induced anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-migratory effects in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2006 Jan;44(1):142-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.09.022. Epub 2005 Nov 9.
• [29] Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates induce apoptosis of Caco-2 cells in vitro by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway: a model of bisphosphonate-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Bone. 2001 Oct;29(4):336-43. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00589-0.
• [30] Caspase-independent induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cells by the proapoptotic Bcl-2-related protein Nbk / Bik. Oncogene. 2005 Nov 10;24(49):7369-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208890.