General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCFZDTX)

Drug Combination Name
Epirubicin Digitoxin
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Epirubicin   DMPDW6T Digitoxin   DMWVIGP
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: NCI-H322M
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 2.54
Bliss Independence Score: 7.22
Loewe Additivity Score: 6.03
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 4.6

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Epirubicin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [2]
Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) TT0IHXV TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN Modulator [4]
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Epirubicin Interacts with 4 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) DTSYQGK MRP1_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) DTFI42L MRP2_HUMAN Substrate [6]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [6]
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Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Metabolism [7]
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Epirubicin Interacts with 30 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) OTGUN89S MRP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2) OTW8V2V1 ABCG2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [9]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA) OTMQNTNX ANF_HUMAN Increases Expression [10]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Interleukin-6 (IL6) OTUOSCCU IL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R) OTCQL07Z IL6RA_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) OT192V9V RARA_HUMAN Affects Mutagenesis [14]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Protein PML (PML) OT6SM2GD PML_HUMAN Affects Mutagenesis [14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
FK506-binding protein-like (FKBPL) OTR9ND6K FKBPL_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) OT2D9DOV TNR1A_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
MARVEL domain-containing protein 1 (MARVELD1) OT5CPOJE MALD1_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [18]
Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) OT9AGAIJ LHPP_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
Alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1) OTBW6SGD ALPK1_HUMAN Increases ADR [19]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 (BIRC6) OTCQJAB0 BIRC6_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [20]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [21]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [22]
Protein S100-P (S100P) OTJCXNJG S100P_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [23]
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) OTMV9DPP PHLA2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
Little elongation complex subunit 1 (ICE1) OTOXTBUH ICE1_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
Microcephalin (MCPH1) OTYT3TT5 MCPH1_HUMAN Increases ADR [19]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 30 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Digitoxin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Arrhythmia BC9Z Approved [3]
Congestive cardiac insufficiency BD1Z Approved [3]
Heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [3]
Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (SPT ATPase) TTQ38E9 AT1A1_HUMAN; AT1A2_HUMAN; AT1A3_HUMAN; AT1B1_HUMAN; AT1B2_HUMAN; AT1B3_HUMAN Inhibitor [25]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [26]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [27]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [28]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DEYWLRK ST1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [29]
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Digitoxin Interacts with 22 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Transport [30]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) OTLDT7NR NOS3_HUMAN Increases Activity [31]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (CHEK1) OTTTI622 CHK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) OTW1SC2N CDK1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [33]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) OT19S7E5 CCNB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [34]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [34]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) OTFT924M IKBA_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [33]
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) OT33XNZM PTN6_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) OTNY5LLZ CDN1B_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [32]
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (PTEN) OTOWDUNT PTEN_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Cytochrome c (CYCS) OTBFALJD CYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [34]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [32]
E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS3 (PIAS3) OT3TWH9R PIAS3_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Renal cell carcinoma DCHBOX4 UO-31 Investigative [35]
Carcinoma DCXVUKE MCF7 Investigative [36]
Invasive ductal carcinoma DCSZ9UG HS 578T Investigative [36]
Malignant melanoma DCOLIIW LOX IMVI Investigative [1]
Melanoma DCGHYLG UACC-257 Investigative [1]
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References

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3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6782).
4 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
5 Sulindac sulfide selectively increases sensitivity of ABCC1 expressing tumor cells to doxorubicin and glutathione depletion. J Biomed Res. 2016 Mar;30(2):120-133.
6 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
7 Epirubicin glucuronidation and UGT2B7 developmental expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2097-101.
8 Co-encapsulation of chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in PEGylated liposomes circumvents multidrug resistance in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.023. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
9 Camptothecin resistance: role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), mitoxantrone-resistance half-transporter (MXR), and potential for glucuronidation in MXR-expressing cells. Cancer Res. 1999 Dec 1;59(23):5938-46.
10 Preliminary study on behaviour of atrial natriuretic factor in anthracycline-related cardiac toxicity. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1991;11(2):75-81.
11 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone modulates multidrug resistance transporters and induces apoptosis via production of reactive oxygen species. Toxicology. 2012 Dec 16;302(2-3):221-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
12 Early epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction revealed by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2007 Sep;12(9):1124-33. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-9-1124.
13 Persistence, up to 18 months of follow-up, of epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction detected early by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2008 Dec;13(12):1296-305. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0151. Epub 2008 Dec 5.
14 Evidence for direct involvement of epirubicin in the formation of chromosomal translocations in t(15;17) therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2010 Jan 14;115(2):326-30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-235051. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
15 (-)-Gossypol enhances the anticancer activity of epirubicin via downregulating survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Sep 1;364:110060. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110060. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
16 The differential effects of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil on apoptotic marker (CPP-32), pro-apoptotic protein (p21(WAF-1)) and anti-apoptotic protein (bcl-2) in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Aug;80(3):239-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1024995202135.
17 Genome-wide association study of chemotherapeutic agent-induced severe neutropenia/leucopenia for patients in Biobank Japan. Cancer Sci. 2013 Aug;104(8):1074-82. doi: 10.1111/cas.12186. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
18 MARVELD1 attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production. Ann Transl Med. 2019 May;7(9):200. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.38.
19 Genome-wide association study of epirubicin-induced leukopenia in Japanese patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Sep;21(9):552-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328348e48f.
20 [Knock-down of apollon gene by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits the proliferation of Lovo cells and enhances chemo-sensitivity]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2011 Feb;46(2):138-45.
21 [Antisense oligonucleotide targeting survivin induces apoptosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma cells and enhances their sensitivity to epirubicin in vitro]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2005 Aug;27(8):468-70.
22 Endogenous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione S-transferase in protection of mesothelioma cells against hydrogen peroxide and epirubicin toxicity. Br J Cancer. 1998 Apr;77(7):1097-102. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.182.
23 S100P contributes to chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3. Oncol Rep. 2008 Aug;20(2):325-32.
24 TSSC3 overexpression associates with growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhances chemotherapeutic effects in human osteosarcoma. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jan;33(1):30-40. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr232. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
25 Treatment of congestive heart failure--current status of use of digitoxin. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001;31 Suppl 2:10-7.
26 The association of ABCB1 polymorphisms and elevated serum digitoxin concentrations in geriatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;64(4):367-72.
27 Species differences in the toxicity and cytochrome P450 IIIA-dependent metabolism of digitoxin. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Nov;40(5):859-67.
28 Use of a human liver microsome bank in drug glucuronidation studies. Toxicol In Vitro. 1991;5(5-6):559-62.
29 Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase and a specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferase are involved in the metabolism of digitoxin in man. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Aug;346(2):226-33.
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32 Digitoxin and a synthetic monosaccharide analog inhibit cell viability in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jan 1;258(1):51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
33 Digitoxin mimics gene therapy with CFTR and suppresses hypersecretion of IL-8 from cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7693-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402030101. Epub 2004 May 10.
34 Digitoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration by reducing HIF-1 and STAT3 in KRAS mutant human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Jan 5;351:109729. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109729. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
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36 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.