General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCTRRTW)

Drug Combination Name
Epirubicin Letrozole
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Epirubicin   DMPDW6T Letrozole   DMH07Y3
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: MOLT-4
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.73
Bliss Independence Score: 7.07
Loewe Additivity Score: 7.43
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 7.14

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Epirubicin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [2]
Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) TT0IHXV TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN Modulator [5]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epirubicin Interacts with 4 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) DTSYQGK MRP1_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) DTFI42L MRP2_HUMAN Substrate [7]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epirubicin Interacts with 30 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [9]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) OTGUN89S MRP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [9]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [9]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2) OTW8V2V1 ABCG2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [10]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA) OTMQNTNX ANF_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Interleukin-6 (IL6) OTUOSCCU IL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R) OTCQL07Z IL6RA_HUMAN Increases Expression [14]
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) OT192V9V RARA_HUMAN Affects Mutagenesis [15]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [9]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [16]
Protein PML (PML) OT6SM2GD PML_HUMAN Affects Mutagenesis [15]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [16]
FK506-binding protein-like (FKBPL) OTR9ND6K FKBPL_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) OT2D9DOV TNR1A_HUMAN Increases ADR [18]
MARVEL domain-containing protein 1 (MARVELD1) OT5CPOJE MALD1_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [19]
Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) OT9AGAIJ LHPP_HUMAN Increases ADR [18]
Alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1) OTBW6SGD ALPK1_HUMAN Increases ADR [20]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 (BIRC6) OTCQJAB0 BIRC6_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [21]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [22]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [23]
Protein S100-P (S100P) OTJCXNJG S100P_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) OTMV9DPP PHLA2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [25]
Little elongation complex subunit 1 (ICE1) OTOXTBUH ICE1_HUMAN Increases ADR [18]
Microcephalin (MCPH1) OTYT3TT5 MCPH1_HUMAN Increases ADR [20]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 30 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Letrozole
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer N.A. Approved [3]
Hormonally-responsive breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [4]
Letrozole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1) TTSZLWK CP19A_HUMAN Inhibitor [26]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Letrozole Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [27]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) DEQX145 CP19A_HUMAN Metabolism [28]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Metabolism [29]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Letrozole Interacts with 18 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [30]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Increases Oxidation [31]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) OT52TWG3 CP2A6_HUMAN Increases Oxidation [31]
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1) OT614AR3 KAD1_HUMAN Increases ADR [32]
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) OTRDLUSP DKK1_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB) OTGLS283 FSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB) OT5GBOVJ LSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Progesterone receptor (PGR) OT0FZ3QE PRGR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [35]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) OTO46S5S LIF_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1) OTT94MKL CXA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [36]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [37]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2) OTDULQF9 CCND2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [37]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [38]
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) OT36W9O5 LIFR_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67) OTA8N1QI KI67_HUMAN Decreases Expression [35]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6) OTT4D1LN RS6_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [37]
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51A1) OTAYHG9C CP51A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [39]
Fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) OTVIX6J0 FGF22_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 18 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma DCXHEYT SR Investigative [1]
Astrocytoma DCGWXTI SNB-19 Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DCVMN6Z A498 Investigative [1]
Glioma DC44MPA SF-268 Investigative [1]
Renal cell carcinoma DCVXTNE SN12C Investigative [1]
Invasive ductal carcinoma DCPYJ3T BT-549 Investigative [40]
Invasive ductal carcinoma DC6U98C HS 578T Investigative [40]
Amelanotic melanoma DCQDL57 M14 Investigative [41]
Amelanotic melanoma DC6X7KU MDA-MB-435 Investigative [41]
Cutaneous melanoma DCDHQCI SK-MEL-5 Investigative [41]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DCKH9C1 OVCAR-8 Investigative [41]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DC1XUKC NCI\\/ADR-RES Investigative [41]
Melanoma DCUWSXO UACC-257 Investigative [41]
Non-small cell lung carcinoma DCWT86F HOP-92 Investigative [41]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma DCT3PPQ SK-OV-3 Investigative [41]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma DC9YIGW NCI-H226 Investigative [41]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 16 DrugCom(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 New drugs for the treatment of cancer, 1990-2001. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 Dec;4(12):1124-31.
3 Letrozole FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5209).
5 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
6 Sulindac sulfide selectively increases sensitivity of ABCC1 expressing tumor cells to doxorubicin and glutathione depletion. J Biomed Res. 2016 Mar;30(2):120-133.
7 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
8 Epirubicin glucuronidation and UGT2B7 developmental expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2097-101.
9 Co-encapsulation of chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in PEGylated liposomes circumvents multidrug resistance in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.023. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
10 Camptothecin resistance: role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), mitoxantrone-resistance half-transporter (MXR), and potential for glucuronidation in MXR-expressing cells. Cancer Res. 1999 Dec 1;59(23):5938-46.
11 Preliminary study on behaviour of atrial natriuretic factor in anthracycline-related cardiac toxicity. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1991;11(2):75-81.
12 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone modulates multidrug resistance transporters and induces apoptosis via production of reactive oxygen species. Toxicology. 2012 Dec 16;302(2-3):221-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
13 Early epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction revealed by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2007 Sep;12(9):1124-33. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-9-1124.
14 Persistence, up to 18 months of follow-up, of epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction detected early by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2008 Dec;13(12):1296-305. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0151. Epub 2008 Dec 5.
15 Evidence for direct involvement of epirubicin in the formation of chromosomal translocations in t(15;17) therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2010 Jan 14;115(2):326-30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-235051. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
16 (-)-Gossypol enhances the anticancer activity of epirubicin via downregulating survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Sep 1;364:110060. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110060. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
17 The differential effects of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil on apoptotic marker (CPP-32), pro-apoptotic protein (p21(WAF-1)) and anti-apoptotic protein (bcl-2) in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Aug;80(3):239-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1024995202135.
18 Genome-wide association study of chemotherapeutic agent-induced severe neutropenia/leucopenia for patients in Biobank Japan. Cancer Sci. 2013 Aug;104(8):1074-82. doi: 10.1111/cas.12186. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
19 MARVELD1 attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production. Ann Transl Med. 2019 May;7(9):200. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.38.
20 Genome-wide association study of epirubicin-induced leukopenia in Japanese patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Sep;21(9):552-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328348e48f.
21 [Knock-down of apollon gene by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits the proliferation of Lovo cells and enhances chemo-sensitivity]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2011 Feb;46(2):138-45.
22 [Antisense oligonucleotide targeting survivin induces apoptosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma cells and enhances their sensitivity to epirubicin in vitro]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2005 Aug;27(8):468-70.
23 Endogenous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione S-transferase in protection of mesothelioma cells against hydrogen peroxide and epirubicin toxicity. Br J Cancer. 1998 Apr;77(7):1097-102. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.182.
24 S100P contributes to chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3. Oncol Rep. 2008 Aug;20(2):325-32.
25 TSSC3 overexpression associates with growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhances chemotherapeutic effects in human osteosarcoma. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jan;33(1):30-40. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr232. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
26 Aromatase inhibitors--theoretical concept and present experiences in the treatment of endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2003 Jul-Aug;125(7-8):247-51.
27 Inhibition of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s by the aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole and its major oxidative metabolite 4,4'-methanol-bisbenzonitrile in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):867-75.
28 Double-blind, randomised, multicentre endocrine trial comparing two letrozole doses, in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Feb;35(2):208-13.
29 Letrozole concentration is associated with CYP2A6 variation but not with arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Nov;172(2):371-379.
30 Aromatase inhibition: translation into a successful therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;11(8):2809-21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2187.
31 Deactivation of anti-cancer drug letrozole to a carbinol metabolite by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 Nov;39(11):795-802. doi: 10.3109/00498250903171395.
32 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
33 Clomiphene citrate versus letrozole: molecular analysis of the endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct;96(4):1051-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1092.
34 Aromatase inhibition, testosterone, and seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Apr;5(2):260-3. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.001.
35 Aromatase inhibitors: cellular and molecular effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 May;95(1-5):83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.010.
36 Inhibition of estrogen receptor reduces connexin 43 expression in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 1;338:182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
37 Dual inhibition of mTOR and estrogen receptor signaling in vitro induces cell death in models of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 15;11(14):5319-28. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2402.
38 Synergistic activity of letrozole and sorafenib on breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0714-5. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
39 Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology. 2006 Nov 10;228(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007. Epub 2006 Aug 12.
40 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.
41 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.