Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMJ8NMC)

• Drug Name: Barbital Drug Info
• Synonyms: Barbitale; Barbitalum; Barbitone; Barbitonum; DEBA; Diemal; Diemalum; Diethylbarbitone; Diethylmalonylurea; Dormileno; Dormonal; Ethylbarbital; Hypnogene; Malonal; Medinal; Sedeval; Uronal; Veroletten; Verolettin; Veronal; Vesperal; Barbital Faes Brand; Barbitale [DCIT]; Diethylbarbituric acid; Faes Brand of Barbital; Barbital (TN); Barbital (VAN); Barbital [INN:JAN]; Barbitalum [INN-Latin]; Veronal (TN); Barbital (JP15/INN); Kyselina 5,5-diethylbarbiturova; Kyselina 5,5-diethylbarbiturova [Czech]; 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5-diethyl-(9CI); 5,5-Diethyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione; 5,5-Diethylbarbituric acid; 5,5-diethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione; 5,5-diethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; 7979P

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[1]

• Therapeutic Class: Hypnotics and Sedatives
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 2294
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:31252
  CAS Number: CAS 57-44-3
  TTD Drug ID: DMJ8NMC
  INTEDE Drug ID: DR0174

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Metabolized By Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Amoxicillin	DMUYNEI	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[4]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Premature labour	JB00	Approved	[5]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[6]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[7]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[8]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[9]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[10]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[11]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[12]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[13]

Drug(s) Targeting GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Chronic pain	MG30	Approved	[1]
Zolpidem	DMWOSKJ	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[14]
Methoxyflurane	DML0RAE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[1]
Nitrazepam	DMEGIQ6	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[1]
Allopregnanolone	DMNLHAC	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[15]
Clobazam - Lundbeck	DMW1OQ0	Anxiety disorder	6B00-6B0Z	Approved	[1]
Hexobarbital	DMQ314B	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[1]
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE	DMEPWYA	Muscle spasm	MB47.3	Approved	[16]
Meprobamate	DMHM93Y	Anxiety disorder	6B00-6B0Z	Approved	[1]
Zaleplon	DMGFWSM	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[17]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)	TT1MPAY	GBRA1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[1] , [2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) Main DME	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Substrate	[3]

References

• [1] DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6.
• [2] Effect of barbiturates on polyphosphoinositide biosynthesis and protein kinase C activity in synaptosomes. Neuropharmacology. 1989 Dec;28(12):1317-23.
• [3] Effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in neonates and infants with seizures. Arch Dis Child. 2012 Jun;97(6):569-72.
• [4] High-dose rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy as the second-line regimen after failure to eradicate H. pylori by triple therapy with the usual doses of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(54):2274-8.
• [5] Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
• [6] Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Mar 13;25(11):1679-91.
• [7] CYP2C19*17 is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(2):391-6.
• [8] Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
• [9] Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;353(1):116-21.
• [10] Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
• [11] A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
• [12] Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33.
• [13] Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
• [14] Zolpidem, a selective GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit agonist, induces comparable Fos expression in oxytocinergic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and accessory but not supraoptic nuclei in the rat.Brain Res Bull.2006 Dec 11;71(1-3):200-7.
• [15] Neurosteroid analogues. 10. The effect of methyl group substitution at the C-6 and C-7 positions on the GABA modulatory and anesthetic actions of (... J Med Chem. 2005 Apr 21;48(8):3051-9.
• [16] 3-demethoxy-3-glycosylaminothiocolchicines: Synthesis of a new class of putative muscle relaxant compounds. J Med Chem. 2006 Sep 7;49(18):5571-7.
• [17] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.