Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISDYDTK)

Disease Name Cryptococcosis
Synonyms
cryptococcus neoformans infection; torulosis; European cryptococcosis; Cryptococcal infection; torula; Cryptococcus neoformans disease or disorder; Cryptococcus neoformans infectious disease; Busse-Buschke's disease; Cryptococcus neoformans caused disease or disorder
Definition An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004
Disease Hierarchy
DIS67GEL: Opportunistic mycosis
DISEM33Q: Infectious disease
DISX9CEW: Parasitic infection
DISDYDTK: Cryptococcosis
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0005724
MESH ID
D003453
UMLS CUI
C0010414
MedGen ID
8189
Orphanet ID
1546
SNOMED CT ID
42386007

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Amphotericin B DMTAJQE Approved Small molecular drug [1]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 11 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CYP51A1 TT67TDP Limited Genetic Variation [2]
CD2 TTJDUNO Strong Biomarker [3]
CDK8 TTBJR4L Strong Biomarker [4]
CHIA TTJB1O0 Strong Biomarker [5]
CLEC6A TTQ02HK Strong Biomarker [6]
CPS1 TT42M75 Strong Biomarker [7]
DNPEP TTGMFY7 Strong Biomarker [8]
FKBP1A TTMW94E Strong Biomarker [9]
IL31RA TT9HPX0 Strong Biomarker [10]
SLC6A1 TTPRKM0 Strong Biomarker [11]
TCIRG1 TTVRN05 Strong Biomarker [12]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 7 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC30A1 DT1BO38 Strong Genetic Variation [13]
SLC30A10 DTYBI73 Strong Genetic Variation [13]
SLC31A2 DT8Q56F Strong Biomarker [14]
SLC39A1 DTLWPXS Strong Genetic Variation [15]
SLC39A2 DTL8VXO Strong Genetic Variation [15]
SLC9A6 DTN0JXW Strong Biomarker [16]
SLC9B1 DTR462N Strong Biomarker [17]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 7 DTP(s)
This Disease Is Related to 9 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
PCK1 DEPLH5Z Strong Genetic Variation [18]
UGT1A10 DEL5N6Y Strong Biomarker [19]
UGT1A3 DEF2WXN Strong Biomarker [19]
UGT1A4 DELOY3P Strong Biomarker [19]
UGT1A5 DEPF954 Strong Biomarker [19]
UGT1A6 DESD26P Strong Biomarker [19]
UGT1A8 DE2GB8N Strong Biomarker [19]
UGT1A9 DE85D2P Strong Biomarker [19]
XPNPEP1 DE8E6X9 Strong Biomarker [20]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 9 DME(s)
This Disease Is Related to 31 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
DDX56 OTGURA53 Limited Altered Expression [21]
AK6 OT84OHHP Strong Biomarker [22]
ATG9A OTAZWZH7 Strong Biomarker [23]
ATP6V0A1 OT1IK0KA Strong Biomarker [12]
ATP6V0A2 OTJBDX0Y Strong Biomarker [12]
ATP6V0A4 OT149Z7Q Strong Biomarker [12]
CLEC4D OTT7X1UC Strong Biomarker [24]
EPB41L3 OTS6CHG2 Strong Biomarker [25]
FBP1 OTQBANEP Strong Biomarker [26]
GLRX3 OTUPAU1N Strong Biomarker [27]
GNLY OTZJKA8C Strong Biomarker [28]
GORASP2 OTL3PLD2 Strong Genetic Variation [29]
HACD1 OTEC7EP7 Strong Biomarker [30]
HTN3 OTEUXA81 Strong Biomarker [31]
IPPK OT251AAR Strong Biomarker [32]
KLHL41 OTLABE56 Strong Biomarker [33]
LGALS7 OTMSVI7R Strong Biomarker [34]
MBTPS2 OT67CC7W Strong Biomarker [35]
MID1 OTWN1PGU Strong Altered Expression [36]
MIOX OTDD9G4E Strong Genetic Variation [37]
MLIP OTMT7AII Strong Biomarker [22]
MPI OTBH6ZK1 Strong Biomarker [38]
NCR3 OT20M764 Strong Biomarker [39]
PABPC4 OTICKKBQ Strong Biomarker [20]
PRPF8 OTU39JZI Strong Biomarker [40]
RCC1 OT25AGMB Strong Biomarker [41]
RPS4X OTIH80EK Strong Biomarker [42]
SCD5 OTSSUQ3Z Strong Biomarker [43]
SHOC1 OTP51XIP Strong Genetic Variation [15]
SRM OT4N5MDP Strong Biomarker [44]
SRXN1 OTYDBO4L Strong Biomarker [45]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 31 DOT(s)

References

1 Amphotericin B FDA Label
2 Amino acid substitution in Cryptococcus neoformans lanosterol 14--demethylase involved in fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates.Rev Argent Microbiol. 2016 Apr-Jun;48(2):137-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
3 T11TS immunotherapy augments microglial and lymphocyte protective immune responses against Cryptococcus neoformans in the brain.Scand J Immunol. 2019 Feb;89(2):e12733. doi: 10.1111/sji.12733. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
4 Cdk8 and Ssn801 Regulate Oxidative Stress Resistance and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans.mBio. 2019 Feb 12;10(1):e02818-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02818-18.
5 Pulmonary cryptococcosis induces chitinase in the rat.Respir Res. 2008 May 15;9(1):40. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-40.
6 Dectin-2-mediated signaling triggered by the cell wall polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans.Microbiol Immunol. 2019 Dec;63(12):500-512. doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12746. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
7 CPS1, a homolog of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 polysaccharide synthase gene, is important for the pathobiology of Cryptococcus neoformans.Infect Immun. 2006 Jul;74(7):3930-8. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00089-06.
8 The role of Aspartyl aminopeptidase (Ape4) in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence and authophagy.PLoS One. 2017 May 25;12(5):e0177461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177461. eCollection 2017.
9 Harnessing calcineurin-FK506-FKBP12 crystal structures from invasive fungal pathogens to develop antifungal agents.Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 19;10(1):4275. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12199-1.
10 Molecular diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid: comparison of primer sets for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex.Braz J Infect Dis. 2015 Jan-Feb;19(1):62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
11 Nitrogen metabolite repression of metabolism and virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Genetics. 2011 Jun;188(2):309-23. doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.128538. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
12 Multiple virulence factors of Cryptococcus neoformans are dependent on VPH1.Mol Microbiol. 2001 Nov;42(4):1121-31. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02712.x.
13 Vacuolar zinc transporter Zrc1 is required for detoxification of excess intracellular zinc in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.J Microbiol. 2018 Jan;56(1):65-71. doi: 10.1007/s12275-018-7475-y. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
14 Ctr2 links copper homeostasis to polysaccharide capsule formation and phagocytosis inhibition in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS One. 2010 Sep 2;5(9):e12503. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012503.
15 Effects of zinc transporters on Cryptococcus gattii virulence.Sci Rep. 2015 May 7;5:10104. doi: 10.1038/srep10104.
16 Copper complexes containing thiosemicarbazones derived from 6-nitropiperonal: Antimicrobial and biophysical properties.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2017 Aug 5;183:158-171. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.057. Epub 2017 Apr 20.
17 Two cation transporters Ena1 and Nha1 cooperatively modulate ion homeostasis, antifungal drug resistance, and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans via the HOG pathway.Fungal Genet Biol. 2012 Apr;49(4):332-45. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Feb 11.
18 Cryptococcus neoformans requires a functional glycolytic pathway for disease but not persistence in the host.mBio. 2011 Jun 7;2(3):e00103-11. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00103-11. Print 2011.
19 Cryptococcus neoformans UGT1 encodes a UDP-Galactose/UDP-GalNAc transporter.Glycobiology. 2017 Jan;27(1):87-98. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cww078. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
20 Role of glucose in the expression of Cryptococcus neoformans antiphagocytic protein 1, App1.Eukaryot Cell. 2011 Mar;10(3):293-301. doi: 10.1128/EC.00252-10. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
21 Comparison of real-time florescence quantitative PCR measurements of VAD1 mRNA with three conventional methods in diagnosis and follow-up treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.Mycoses. 2012 Jul;55(4):326-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02100.x. Epub 2011 Sep 5.
22 Mycobacterium doricum sp. nov.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2001 Nov;51(Pt 6):2007-2012. doi: 10.1099/00207713-51-6-2007.
23 Functional analysis of host factors that mediate the intracellular lifestyle of Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS Pathog. 2011 Jun;7(6):e1002078. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002078. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
24 Dectin-3 Recognizes Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans Serotype AD and Cryptococcus gattii Serotype B to Initiate Host Defense Against Cryptococcosis.Front Immunol. 2018 Aug 6;9:1781. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01781. eCollection 2018.
25 Characterization of the complete uric acid degradation pathway in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS One. 2013 May 7;8(5):e64292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064292. Print 2013.
26 A Heat-Killed Cryptococcus Mutant Strain Induces Host Protection against Multiple Invasive Mycoses in a Murine Vaccine Model.mBio. 2019 Nov 26;10(6):e02145-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02145-19.
27 The Monothiol Glutaredoxin Grx4 Regulates Iron Homeostasis and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans.mBio. 2018 Dec 4;9(6):e02377-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02377-18.
28 Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells use granulysin to kill Cryptococcus neoformans, and activation of this pathway is defective in HIV patients.Blood. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):2049-57. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-009720. Epub 2006 Oct 12.
29 The GRASP domain in golgi reassembly and stacking proteins: differences and similarities between lower and higher Eukaryotes.FEBS J. 2019 Sep;286(17):3340-3358. doi: 10.1111/febs.14869. Epub 2019 May 22.
30 Microreview: capsule-associated genes of Cryptococcus neoformans.Mycopathologia. 2007 Jan;163(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s11046-006-0083-0.
31 Discovery of a Membrane-Active, Ring-Modified Histidine Containing Ultrashort Amphiphilic Peptide That Exhibits Potent Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans.J Med Chem. 2017 Aug 10;60(15):6607-6621. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00481. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
32 Crystal structure of inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase from Cryptococcus neoformans.J Struct Biol. 2017 Nov;200(2):118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
33 A Predicted Mannoprotein Participates in Cryptococcus gattii Capsular Structure.mSphere. 2018 Apr 25;3(2):e00023-18. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00023-18. Print 2018 Apr 25.
34 Isolation of conditional mutations in genes essential for viability of Cryptococcus neoformans.Curr Genet. 2017 Jun;63(3):519-530. doi: 10.1007/s00294-016-0659-2. Epub 2016 Oct 25.
35 Cryptococcus neoformans Site-2 protease is required for virulence and survival in the presence of azole drugs.Mol Microbiol. 2009 Nov;74(3):672-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06895.x. Epub 2009 Oct 8.
36 Roles of Cch1 and Mid1 in morphogenesis, oxidative stress response and virulence in Candida albicans.Mycopathologia. 2012 Dec;174(5-6):359-69. doi: 10.1007/s11046-012-9569-0. Epub 2012 Aug 12.
37 Production of d-glucuronic acid from myo-inositol using Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalyst overexpressing a novel myo-inositol oxygenase from Thermothelomyces thermophile.Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019 Aug;127:70-74. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
38 Identification and characterization of the Cryptococcus neoformans phosphomannose isomerase-encoding gene, MAN1, and its impact on pathogenicity.Mol Microbiol. 2001 May;40(3):610-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02401.x.
39 Identification of the fungal ligand triggering cytotoxic PRR-mediated NK cell killing of Cryptococcus and Candida.Nat Commun. 2018 Feb 21;9(1):751. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03014-4.
40 Spliceosomal Prp8 intein at the crossroads of protein and RNA splicing.PLoS Biol. 2019 Oct 10;17(10):e3000104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000104. eCollection 2019 Oct.
41 Role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the use of heme and hemoglobin by the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Cell Microbiol. 2019 Mar;21(3):e12961. doi: 10.1111/cmi.12961. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
42 Development of specific sequence-characterized amplified region markers for detecting Histoplasma capsulatum in clinical and environmental samples.J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Mar;50(3):673-9. doi: 10.1128/JCM.05271-11. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
43 Circulating soluble CD4 directly prevents host resistance and delayed-type hypersensitivity response to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice.Microbiol Immunol. 2000;44(12):1033-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02600.x.
44 Novel chimeric spermidine synthase-saccharopine dehydrogenase gene (SPE3-LYS9) in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Eukaryot Cell. 2004 Jun;3(3):752-63. doi: 10.1128/EC.3.3.752-763.2004.
45 Sulphiredoxin plays peroxiredoxin-dependent and -independent roles via the HOG signalling pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans and contributes to fungal virulence.Mol Microbiol. 2013 Nov;90(3):630-648. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12388. Epub 2013 Oct 3.