Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISJ5R1X)

• Disease Name: Pituitary adenoma
• Synonyms: PTAD; pituitary gland adenoma; adenoma of the pituitary; pituitary adenoma; adenoma of the pituitary gland; adenoma of pituitary; adenoma of pituitary gland; adenoma, anterior lobe pituitary gland, benign
• Disease Class: 2F37: Endocrine gland neoplasm
• Definition: A non-metastasizing tumor that arises from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The tumor can be hormonally functioning or not. The diagnosis can be based on imaging studies and/or radioimmunoassays. Due to its location in the sella turcica, expansion of the tumor mass can impinge on the optic chiasm or involve the temporal lobe, third ventricle and posterior fossa A frequently associated physical finding is bitemporal hemianopsia which may progress to further visual loss.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISN67JD: Pituitary tumor
  DIS78ZEV: Adenoma
  DISJ5R1X: Pituitary adenoma
• ICD Code: ICD-11: ICD-11: 2F37.0
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0006373
  MESH ID: D010911
  UMLS CUI: C0032000
  MedGen ID: 45933
  HPO ID: HP:0002893
  Orphanet ID: 99408
  SNOMED CT ID: 254956000

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
TBR-760	DMM5BVG	Phase 2	Small molecular drug	[1]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 16 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AGTR1	TT8DBY3	Limited	Biomarker	[2]
CDKN2C	TTBRUGA	Limited	Genetic Variation	[3]
PRL	TTJ2TSA	Limited	Biomarker	[4]
SSTR2	TTZ6T9E	Limited	Biomarker	[5]
CDK8	TTBJR4L	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
CDKN1B	TTLGFVW	Strong	Biomarker	[3]
DRD2	TTEX248	Strong	Genetic Variation	[7]
EGFL7	TT7WD0H	Strong	Biomarker	[8]
EPCAM	TTZ8WH4	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
FGF4	TTCEKVZ	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
GH1	TTT3YKH	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
IGF1	TTT6LOU	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
MSH2	TTCAWRT	Strong	Altered Expression	[12]
PRKAR1A	TTNAHEX	Strong	Genetic Variation	[3]
SSTR1	TTIND6G	Strong	Altered Expression	[13]
SSTR5	TT2BC4G	Strong	Biomarker	[5]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC20A1	DTMULXV	Limited	Biomarker	[14]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
P4HA3	DE2L4RX	Strong	Altered Expression	[15]

This Disease Is Related to 23 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
POU1F1	OTXT8A5C	Limited	Biomarker	[14]
GNAS	OTMH8BKJ	moderate	Genetic Variation	[3]
AIP	OTDJ3OSV	Strong	Genetic Variation	[16]
ASH1L	OTUT5NLJ	Strong	Biomarker	[17]
CDH23	OTOJGQ7S	Strong	Genetic Variation	[18]
CHL1	OT6E6E8P	Strong	Altered Expression	[19]
COL6A6	OT4MVGRW	Strong	Altered Expression	[15]
ESRP2	OTVTKJ4I	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
KCNAB2	OTH115IE	Strong	Posttranslational Modification	[21]
MAMLD1	OT9EVMQY	Strong	Altered Expression	[22]
MSH6	OT46FP09	Strong	Altered Expression	[12]
NEUROD1	OTZQ7QJ2	Strong	Altered Expression	[23]
NEUROG1	OTMJZP9G	Strong	Altered Expression	[23]
NEUROG2	OTAEMIGT	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
NEUROG3	OT6DIPWC	Strong	Genetic Variation	[23]
PCDH15	OTU9C2EH	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
PRLH	OTJBP360	Strong	Altered Expression	[24]
PRLHR	OT1THGOP	Strong	Biomarker	[24]
RHBDD3	OTJ3OLC8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
RNF31	OT4BZONL	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
SCGN	OTGD7SKH	Strong	Biomarker	[27]
SCP2	OTPAFCPQ	Strong	Altered Expression	[28]
SNED1	OTBQVXY5	Strong	Biomarker	[29]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04335357) TBR-760 in Adult Patients With Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [2] Immunohistochemical detection of angiotensin receptors AT1 and AT2 in normal rat pituitary gland, estrogen-induced rat pituitary tumor and human pituitary adenomas.Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2006;44(3):173-7.
• [3] The role of germline AIP, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B and CDKN2C mutations in causing pituitary adenomas in a large cohort of children, adolescents, and patients with genetic syndromes.Clin Genet. 2010 Nov;78(5):457-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01406.x.
• [4] Ex Vivo (1)H NMR study of pituitary adenomas to differentiate various immunohistochemical subtypes.Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 28;9(1):3007. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38542-6.
• [5] Clinical Importance of Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2) and Somatostatin Receptor 5 (SSTR5) Expression in Thyrotropin-Producing Pituitary Adenoma (TSHoma).Med Sci Monit. 2017 Apr 23;23:1947-1955. doi: 10.12659/msm.903377.
• [6] Common variants at 10p12.31, 10q21.1 and 13q12.13 are associated with sporadic pituitary adenoma.Nat Genet. 2015 Jul;47(7):793-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.3322. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
• [7] Polymorphisms in MEN1 and DRD2 genes are associated with the occurrence and characteristics of pituitary adenomas.Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Aug;175(2):145-53. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0879. Epub 2016 May 16.
• [8] EGFL7 participates in regulating biological behavior of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas via Notch2/DLL3 signaling pathway.Tumour Biol. 2017 Jul;39(7):1010428317706203. doi: 10.1177/1010428317706203.
• [9] Diagnosis of Invasive Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas by Serum Extracellular Vesicles.Anal Chem. 2019 Aug 6;91(15):9580-9589. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00914. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
• [10] Role of mTOR Inhibitors in Growth Hormone-Producing Pituitary Adenomas Harboring Different FGFR4 Genotypes.Endocrinology. 2016 Sep;157(9):3577-87. doi: 10.1210/en.2016-1028. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
• [11] E-cadherin expression is associated with somatostatin analogue response in acromegaly.J Cell Mol Med. 2019 May;23(5):3088-3096. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13851. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
• [12] Reduced Expression of Mismatch Repair Genes MSH6/MSH2 Directly Promotes Pituitary Tumor Growth via the ATR-Chk1 Pathway.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Mar 1;103(3):1171-1179. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-02332.
• [13] Expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in pituitary adenomas: quantitative analysis of SSTR2 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.J Neuroendocrinol. 1996 Aug;8(8):605-10.
• [14] Utility of Pit-1 Immunostaining in Distinguishing Pituitary Adenomas of Primitive Differentiation from Null Cell Adenomas.Endocr Pathol. 2017 Dec;28(4):287-292. doi: 10.1007/s12022-017-9503-6.
• [15] COL6A6 interacted with P4HA3 to suppress the growth and metastasis of pituitary adenoma via blocking PI3K-Akt pathway.Aging (Albany NY). 2019 Oct 17;11(20):8845-8859. doi: 10.18632/aging.102300. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
• [16] Three Novel MEN1 Variants in AIP-Negative Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma Patients.Pathobiology. 2019;86(2-3):128-134. doi: 10.1159/000495252. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
• [17] Human pituitary tumours express the bHLH transcription factors NeuroD1 and ASH1.J Endocrinol Invest. 2003 Oct;26(10):957-65. doi: 10.1007/BF03348192.
• [18] Germline Mutations in CDH23, Encoding Cadherin-Related 23, Are Associated with Both Familial and Sporadic Pituitary Adenomas.Am J Hum Genet. 2017 May 4;100(5):817-823. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
• [19] Towards an integrated molecular and clinical strategy to predict early recurrence in surgically resected non-functional pituitary adenomas.J Clin Neurosci. 2012 Nov;19(11):1535-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.01.038. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
• [20] Long-noncoding RNA IFNG-AS1 exerts oncogenic properties by interacting with epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2) in pituitary adenomas.Pathol Res Pract. 2018 Dec;214(12):2054-2061. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.09.023. Epub 2018 Sep 29.
• [21] A pilot genome-scale profiling of DNA methylation in sporadic pituitary macroadenomas: association with tumor invasion and histopathological subtype.PLoS One. 2014 Apr 29;9(4):e96178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096178. eCollection 2014.
• [22] Attenuation of MAMLD1 Expression Suppresses the Growth and Migratory Properties of Gonadotroph Pituitary Adenomas.Pathol Oncol Res. 2020 Apr;26(2):937-946. doi: 10.1007/s12253-019-00615-2. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
• [23] Differential expression of neurogenins and NeuroD1 in human pituitary tumours.J Endocrinol. 2007 Sep;194(3):475-84. doi: 10.1677/JOE-07-0020.
• [24] Does prolactin releasing peptide receptor regulate prolactin-secretion in human pituitary adenomas?.Neurosci Lett. 2000 Sep 22;291(3):159-62. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01413-0.
• [25] The role of epigenetic modification in tumorigenesis and progression of pituitary adenomas: a systematic review of the literature.PLoS One. 2013 Dec 18;8(12):e82619. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082619. eCollection 2013.
• [26] MicroRNA-378 regulates cell proliferation and migration by repressing RNF31 in pituitary adenoma.Oncol Lett. 2018 Jan;15(1):789-794. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.7431. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
• [27] Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses of secretagogin down-regulation in human non-functional pituitary adenomas.Pituitary. 2003;6(4):189-202. doi: 10.1023/b:pitu.0000023426.99808.40.
• [28] SCP2-mediated cholesterol membrane trafficking promotes the growth of pituitary adenomas via Hedgehog signaling activation.J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Sep 13;38(1):404. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1411-9.
• [29] A Critical Evaluation of sst3 and sst5 Immunohistochemistry in Human Pituitary Adenomas.Neuroendocrinology. 2018;106(2):116-127. doi: 10.1159/000472563. Epub 2017 Apr 7.