General Information of Disease (ID: DISYWMLU)

Disease Name Prader-Willi syndrome
Synonyms
Prader-Willi syndrome chromosome region; obesity, muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and small hands and feet; obesity, muscular hypotonia, intellectual disability, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and small hands and feet; Prader-Willi-like syndrome associated with chromosome 6; PWS; Prader-Willi syndrome; Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome; Prader Willi syndrome; Prader-Willi-Labhart syndrome; Willi-Prader syndrome
Disease Class LD90: Intellectual development disorder
Definition
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities with severe hypotonia during the neonatal period and first two years of life and the onset of hyperphagia with a risk of morbid obesity during infancy and adulthood, learning difficulties and behavioral problems or severe psychiatric problems.
Disease Hierarchy
DIS7667R: Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome-variable intellectual disability syndrome
DIS6SVEE: Syndromic disease
DIS2BIP8: Congenital nervous system disorder
DISEV092: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
DISYOKTG: Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorder
DISB9AFI: Complex neurodevelopmental disorder
DISM5BB5: Chromosomal disorder
DISYWMLU: Prader-Willi syndrome
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: LD90.3
ICD-10
ICD-10: Q87.1
Expand ICD-11
'LD90.3
Expand ICD-10
'Q87.1
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0008300
MESH ID
D011218
UMLS CUI
C0032897
OMIM ID
176270
MedGen ID
46057
Orphanet ID
739
SNOMED CT ID
89392001

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Setmelanotide DMPVRN9 Approved NA [1]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
BSN175 DMP0WIV Phase 3 NA [2]
DCCR DMRR5P0 Phase 3 NA [3]
Livoletide DM652O6 Phase 2/3 Peptide [4]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 23 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CIT TT3BKTU moderate Biomarker [5]
HDC TTV9GOF moderate Genetic Variation [6]
HTR2C TTWJBZ5 moderate Altered Expression [7]
NPY2R TTJ6WK9 moderate Altered Expression [8]
PDPK1 TTYMGWX moderate Biomarker [9]
PGC TT7K6AD moderate Biomarker [10]
PYY TTVFJLX moderate Altered Expression [8]
DMD TTWLFXU Strong Biomarker [11]
EHMT2 TTS6RZT Strong Altered Expression [12]
GABRG3 TTEX6LM Strong Biomarker [13]
GH1 TTT3YKH Strong Biomarker [14]
GHRL TT1OCL0 Strong Biomarker [15]
GLP1R TTVIMDE Strong Biomarker [16]
GNAQ TTL1SRG Strong Genetic Variation [17]
HCRT TTU5HJP Strong Altered Expression [18]
HTR2B TT0K1SC Strong Biomarker [19]
METAP2 TTZL0OI Strong Biomarker [20]
PCSK1 TTED9LZ Strong Altered Expression [21]
PREPL TT3HYDO Strong Biomarker [22]
PTPN11 TT7WUAV Strong Biomarker [23]
RAF1 TTAN5W2 Strong Biomarker [24]
RASA1 TTPNZ1F Strong Genetic Variation [25]
SOST TTYRO4F Definitive Biomarker [26]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 23 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ATP10A DTTQ8WI Strong Altered Expression [27]
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This Disease Is Related to 2 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
DIO3 DET89OV moderate Altered Expression [28]
FMO2 DEIASEZ moderate Genetic Variation [29]
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This Disease Is Related to 35 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
GABRB3 OT80C3D4 Limited Biomarker [30]
MRAP2 OTCQS7DB Limited Biomarker [31]
RBMY1A1 OTM2F25H Limited Genetic Variation [32]
SIM1 OTYKFPKZ Limited Biomarker [33]
STOML3 OTLQGALK Limited Biomarker [34]
ACADS OTGFANYQ moderate Altered Expression [35]
ANGPTL8 OTQFINCD moderate Altered Expression [36]
ANKRD36B OT3MW415 moderate Genetic Variation [37]
CYFIP1 OTOBEH24 moderate Altered Expression [38]
EID1 OT3OI5H4 moderate Biomarker [39]
ENHO OT91QASK moderate Biomarker [15]
HNRNPM OTFU3OEZ moderate Biomarker [40]
NIPA1 OT9ODC8X moderate Altered Expression [38]
NIPA2 OT4NEBNO moderate Altered Expression [38]
POM121 OTIA7ZOQ moderate Biomarker [41]
SCG2 OTXWUQQL moderate Biomarker [42]
STATH OTQHBHM9 moderate Biomarker [43]
BEST1 OTWHE1ZC Strong Biomarker [11]
FMR1 OTWEV0T5 Strong Genetic Variation [44]
GHRH OT94U6MO Strong Genetic Variation [45]
GOLGA6A OTHU9MRX Strong Biomarker [46]
LZTR1 OTIDM6XO Strong Biomarker [47]
MAGED1 OT6EOLFC Strong Biomarker [48]
MAGEL2 OTXEL4R7 Strong Biomarker [11]
MKRN3 OTAFO4YR Strong Genetic Variation [49]
NHLH2 OT88N84O Strong Biomarker [21]
NSMCE3 OTBD4MSP Strong Biomarker [50]
OCA2 OTDWIGBF Strong Biomarker [30]
PRDM9 OTWAHLUR Strong Genetic Variation [51]
RIT1 OTVNOGOH Strong Biomarker [52]
RNF13 OT7HNYF4 Strong Biomarker [53]
SAG OTDNS3ZQ Strong Altered Expression [19]
SETDB1 OTWVUA1B Strong Altered Expression [12]
SOS1 OTTCWXC3 Strong Biomarker [54]
TSPY1 OTPY57X4 Strong Biomarker [13]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 35 DOT(s)

References

1 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
2 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Biospherics.net
3 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03440814) A Study of Diazoxide Choline in Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03790865) Effects of Livoletide (AZP-531) on Food-related Behaviors in Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (ZEPHYR). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
5 Brain-stem serotonin transporter availability in maternal uniparental disomy and deletion Prader-Willi syndrome.Br J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;212(1):57-58. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2017.7.
6 Chromosomal localization of the human and mouse histidine decarboxylase genes by in situ hybridization. Exclusion of the HDC gene from the Prader-Willi syndrome region.Hum Genet. 1996 Mar;97(3):359-61. doi: 10.1007/BF02185772.
7 Caralluma fimbriata extract activity involves the 5-HT2c receptor in PWS Snord116 deletion mouse model.Brain Behav. 2018 Dec;8(12):e01102. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1102. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
8 Ghrelin, peptide YY and their receptors: gene expression in brain from subjects with and without Prader-Willi syndrome.Int J Mol Med. 2005 Apr;15(4):707-11.
9 Activation of PKC and PI3K Kinases in Hypertrophic and Nodular Port Wine Stain Lesions.Am J Dermatopathol. 2017 Oct;39(10):747-752. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000785.
10 Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 6: Basics of Epigenetic Control.Biol Res Nurs. 2018 Jan;20(1):103-110. doi: 10.1177/1099800417742967. Epub 2017 Nov 23.
11 Magel2 Modulates Bone Remodeling and Mass in Prader-Willi Syndrome by Affecting Oleoyl Serine Levels and Activity.J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Jan;34(1):93-105. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3591. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
12 Epigenetic therapy of Prader-Willi syndrome.Transl Res. 2019 Jun;208:105-118. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.012. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
13 Characterization of breakpoints in the GABRG3 and TSPY genes in a family with a t(Y;15)(p11.2;q12).Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Mar 1;125A(2):177-80. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20482.
14 Molecular subtype and growth hormone effects on dysmorphology in Prader-Willi syndrome.Am J Med Genet A. 2020 Jan;182(1):169-175. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61408. Epub 2019 Nov 29.
15 Obestatin and adropin in Prader-Willi syndrome and nonsyndromic obesity: Associations with weight, BMI-z, and HOMA-IR.Pediatr Obes. 2019 May;14(5):e12493. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12493. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
16 Hormonal and metabolic effects of carbohydrate restriction in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Apr;90(4):553-561. doi: 10.1111/cen.13933. Epub 2019 Jan 31.
17 Port-wine stains associated with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome caused by mutations in GNAQ and SLC26A4 genes: A case report.J Dermatol. 2020 Jan;47(1):78-81. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15130. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
18 Decline of CSF orexin (hypocretin) levels in Prader-Willi syndrome.Am J Med Genet A. 2016 May;170A(5):1181-6. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37542. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
19 Whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression in Prader-Willi syndrome.Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Mar 1;143A(5):430-42. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31606.
20 Preclinical Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Antidiabetic, Antiobesity MetAP2 Inhibitor ZGN-1061.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018 May;365(2):301-313. doi: 10.1124/jpet.117.246272. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
21 Hypothalamic loss of Snord116 recapitulates the hyperphagia of Prader-Willi syndrome.J Clin Invest. 2018 Mar 1;128(3):960-969. doi: 10.1172/JCI97007. Epub 2018 Jan 29.
22 PREPL deficiency: delineation of the phenotype and development of a functional blood assay. Genet Med. 2018 Jan;20(1):109-118. doi: 10.1038/gim.2017.74. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
23 Mouse model of Noonan syndrome reveals cell type- and gene dosage-dependent effects of Ptpn11 mutation.Nat Med. 2004 Aug;10(8):849-57. doi: 10.1038/nm1084. Epub 2004 Jul 25.
24 Increased BRAF heterodimerization is the common pathogenic mechanism for noonan syndrome-associated RAF1 mutants.Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Oct;32(19):3872-90. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00751-12. Epub 2012 Jul 23.
25 Heredity of port-wine stains: investigation of families without a RASA1 mutation.J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2015;17(4):204-8. doi: 10.3109/14764172.2015.1007060. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
26 An update on the role of RANKL-RANK/osteoprotegerin and WNT--catenin signaling pathways in pediatric diseases.World J Pediatr. 2019 Feb;15(1):4-11. doi: 10.1007/s12519-018-0198-7. Epub 2018 Oct 20.
27 Atp10a, a gene adjacent to the PWS/AS gene cluster, is not imprinted in mouse and is insensitive to the PWS-IC.Neurogenetics. 2010 May;11(2):145-51. doi: 10.1007/s10048-009-0226-9. Epub 2009 Nov 6.
28 The noncoding RNA IPW regulates the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of Prader-Willi syndrome.Nat Genet. 2014 Jun;46(6):551-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.2968. Epub 2014 May 11.
29 Trimethylaminuria in a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome and del(15)(q11q13).Am J Med Genet. 1993 Feb 1;45(3):335-9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320450310.
30 Beyond Epilepsy and Autism: Disruption of GABRB3 Causes Ocular Hypopigmentation.Cell Rep. 2016 Dec 20;17(12):3115-3124. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.067.
31 Copy number variation (CNV) analysis and mutation analysis of the 6q14.1-6q16.3 genes SIM1 and MRAP2 in Prader Willi like patients.Mol Genet Metab. 2016 Mar;117(3):383-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 9.
32 Absence of microdeletions in the Y chromosome in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome with cryptorchidism.Int J Androl. 2002 Feb;25(1):1-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00303.x.
33 Obesity with associated developmental delay and/or learning disability in patients exhibiting additional features: report of novel pathogenic copy number variants.Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Mar;161A(3):479-86. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35761. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
34 Mechanisms of imprinting of the Prader-Willi/Angelman region.Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Aug 15;146A(16):2041-52. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32364.
35 Persistent growth failure in Prader-Willi syndrome associated with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene variant.J Child Neurol. 2008 Jan;23(1):112-7. doi: 10.1177/0883073807307979.
36 Circulating angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) is a marker of liver steatosis and is negatively regulated by Prader-Willi Syndrome.Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 9;7(1):3186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03538-7.
37 Necdin protects embryonic motoneurons from programmed cell death.PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23764. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023764. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
38 Expression of 4 genes between chromosome 15 breakpoints 1 and 2 and behavioral outcomes in Prader-Willi syndrome.Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):e1276-83. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0424. Epub 2006 Sep 18.
39 The Prader-Willi syndrome protein necdin interacts with the E1A-like inhibitor of differentiation EID-1 and promotes myoblast differentiation.Differentiation. 2008 Nov;76(9):994-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00281.x. Epub 2008 Jun 13.
40 Unusual Processing Generates SPA LncRNAs that Sequester Multiple RNA Binding Proteins.Mol Cell. 2016 Nov 3;64(3):534-548. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.10.007. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
41 The imprinted NPAP1 gene in the Prader-Willi syndrome region belongs to a POM121-related family of retrogenes.Genome Biol Evol. 2014 Feb;6(2):344-51. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evu019.
42 Somatic mosaicism for maternal uniparental disomy 15 in a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome: confirmation by cell cloning and identification of candidate downstream genes.Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Oct 15;12(20):2723-32. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddg291. Epub 2003 Aug 27.
43 Molecular genetic diagnostics of Prader-Willi Syndrome: a validation of linkage analysis for the Chinese population.J Genet Genomics. 2007 Oct;34(10):885-91. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60100-3.
44 Genomic analysis of the chromosome 15q11-q13 Prader-Willi syndrome region and characterization of transcripts for GOLGA8E and WHCD1L1 from the proximal breakpoint region.BMC Genomics. 2008 Jan 28;9:50. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-50.
45 Deconvolution-based assessment of pituitary GH secretion stimulated with GHRH+arginine in Prader-Willi adults and obese controls.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Aug;79(2):224-31. doi: 10.1111/cen.12142. Epub 2013 Apr 5.
46 Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor as an Add-on Drug to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Glycemic Control of a Patient with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Case Report.Diabetes Ther. 2018 Feb;9(1):421-426. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0369-5. Epub 2018 Jan 15.
47 Mutations in LZTR1 drive human disease by dysregulating RAS ubiquitination.Science. 2018 Dec 7;362(6419):1177-1182. doi: 10.1126/science.aap7607. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
48 The roles of MAGE-D1 in the neuronal functions and pathology of the central nervous system.Rev Neurosci. 2013;24(1):61-70. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2012-0069.
49 A case of familial central precocious puberty caused by a novel mutation in the makorin RING finger protein 3 gene.BMC Endocr Disord. 2015 Oct 23;15:60. doi: 10.1186/s12902-015-0056-8.
50 A necdin/MAGE-like gene in the chromosome 15 autism susceptibility region: expression, imprinting, and mapping of the human and mouse orthologues.BMC Genet. 2001;2:22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-2-22. Epub 2001 Dec 20.
51 Evaluation of PRDM9 variation as a risk factor for recurrent genomic disorders and chromosomal non-disjunction.Hum Genet. 2012 Sep;131(9):1519-24. doi: 10.1007/s00439-012-1180-4. Epub 2012 May 30.
52 New Noonan syndrome model mice with RIT1 mutation exhibit cardiac hypertrophy and susceptibility to -adrenergic stimulation-induced cardiac fibrosis.EBioMedicine. 2019 Apr;42:43-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.014. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
53 A novel imprinted gene, encoding a RING zinc-finger protein, and overlapping antisense transcript in the Prader-Willi syndrome critical region.Hum Mol Genet. 1999 May;8(5):783-93. doi: 10.1093/hmg/8.5.783.
54 Activation of multiple signaling pathways causes developmental defects in mice with a Noonan syndromeassociated Sos1 mutation.J Clin Invest. 2010 Dec;120(12):4353-65. doi: 10.1172/JCI43910.