Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISZWM55)

Disease Name	Diphtheria
Synonyms	Corynebacterium infection
Disease Class	1C17: Diphtheria
Definition	A Gram-positive bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It usually involves the oral cavity, pharynx, and nasal cavity. Patients develop pseudomembranes in the affected areas and manifest signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. The diphtheria toxin may cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic effects.
Disease Hierarchy	DIS8ZVFW: Primary bacterial infectious disease DISEM33Q: Infectious disease DISZWM55: Diphtheria
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: 1C17
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0005504 UMLS CUI C0012546 MedGen ID 4334 Orphanet ID 1679

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Infanrix hexa	DM4DCZX	Approved in EU	Vaccine	[1]
Pediarix Vaccine	DMB1NWS	Approved	NA	[2]
TD-Pur	DM6P19D	Approved	NA	[2]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
DTP-HepB-Polio-Hib	DMVDJ45	Phase 3	NA	[3]
Shan 6	DMGSX7D	Phase 3	NA	[4]
SP0173	DMAYY9O	Phase 1/2	Vaccine	[5]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
TAK-361S	DMTPQN8	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[6]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 19 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ANK1	TTKFPMH	Limited	Biomarker	[7]
APOL1	TTDB8PW	Limited	Biomarker	[8]
CLEC9A	TTGUSRB	Limited	Biomarker	[9]
CSF2RA	TT6MP2Z	Limited	Biomarker	[10]
ENPP3	TTD4TKP	Limited	Biomarker	[11]
EPX	TTCIO0M	Limited	Biomarker	[12]
F11	TTDM4ZU	Limited	Biomarker	[13]
GCGR	TT9O6WS	Limited	Biomarker	[14]
HCRT	TTU5HJP	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
MOG	TTQAFX5	Limited	Altered Expression	[16]
PLAUR	TTNOSTX	Limited	Biomarker	[17]
EGF	TTED8JB	Strong	Altered Expression	[18]
HBEGF	TT15SL0	Strong	Biomarker	[19]
HDC	TTV9GOF	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
IL13	TT0GVCH	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
ITGAM	TTB69FJ	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
LGR5	TTTSGRH	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
LYZ	TTAOZBW	Strong	Altered Expression	[24]
PRNP	TTY5F9C	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 19 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 3 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC26A5	DTPGHJ7	Limited	Altered Expression	[26]
SLC35D3	DT63MZQ	Limited	Genetic Variation	[27]
ABCB6	DTF9Y2V	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
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This Disease Is Related to 29 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ATP6V0B	OT8GTI1V	Limited	Biomarker	[28]
DMP1	OTBWBWW7	Limited	Genetic Variation	[29]
DPH2	OT9P91XR	Limited	Genetic Variation	[30]
FARP2	OTNRQIMK	Limited	Biomarker	[31]
FEV	OTYEC4IR	Limited	Biomarker	[32]
GCNT1	OTF6OC66	Limited	Altered Expression	[33]
GCNT7	OTB0M0TT	Limited	Altered Expression	[33]
ITIH4	OT460OO1	Limited	Altered Expression	[34]
KRT71	OTI91X9Z	Limited	Biomarker	[35]
LGALS4	OTKQCG0H	Limited	Genetic Variation	[36]
NPHS1	OT21JD3P	Limited	Biomarker	[37]
NPHS2	OTLCNUII	Limited	Biomarker	[38]
PLXNA3	OTMZIBVG	Limited	Biomarker	[39]
PPIL1	OTS5S837	Limited	Biomarker	[40]
SFXN1	OTL66767	Limited	Biomarker	[41]
SNCAIP	OTH8VNOK	Limited	Biomarker	[7]
TBCA	OTCCWMGK	Limited	Altered Expression	[16]
TSPYL2	OTGGW2EF	Limited	Biomarker	[42]
BHLHE22	OTZUQY5L	Strong	Biomarker	[43]
C4BPA	OTHNH6Y8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
CARD14	OTADQHOV	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
CD207	OTI9RUDN	Strong	Altered Expression	[44]
EEF2	OTZ7SZ39	Strong	Biomarker	[45]
FOXD1	OT80PRHS	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
ITGAX	OTOGIMHE	Strong	Altered Expression	[47]
PPP1R42	OTN1HRBN	Strong	Biomarker	[19]
PRDX2	OTLWCY9T	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
SFTPC	OTIZJD09	Strong	Altered Expression	[48]
SIGLEC1	OTNWSQA9	Strong	Biomarker	[49]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 29 DOT(s)

References

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34	A recombinant diphtheria toxin related human CD4 fusion protein specifically kills HIV infected cells which express gp120 but selects fusion toxin resistant cells which carry HIV.EMBO J. 1992 Feb;11(2):575-83. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05089.x.
35	A novel hairless mouse model on an atopic dermatitis-prone genetic background generated by receptor-mediated transgenesis.Transgenic Res. 2008 Dec;17(6):1155-62. doi: 10.1007/s11248-008-9203-6. Epub 2008 Aug 7.
36	A multi-domain protein system based on the HC fragment of tetanus toxin for targeting DNA to neuronal cells.J Drug Target. 2003 Jul;11(6):333-43. doi: 10.1080/1061186310001634667.
37	Tubulointerstitial fibrosis can sensitize the kidney to subsequent glomerular injury.Kidney Int. 2017 Dec;92(6):1395-1403. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.010. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
38	Urine podocyte mRNAs mark progression of renal disease.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 May;20(5):1041-52. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121328. Epub 2009 Apr 23.
39	Vaccination coverage and factors associated with adherence to the vaccination schedule in young children of a rural area in Burkina Faso.Glob Health Action. 2017;10(1):1399749. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1399749.
40	Host Cell Chaperones Hsp70/Hsp90 and Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis/Trans Isomerases Are Required for the Membrane Translocation of Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Toxins.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2017;406:163-198. doi: 10.1007/82_2016_14.
41	Inhibition of tumor growth by DT-A expressed under the control of IGF2 P3 and P4 promoter sequences.Mol Ther. 2003 Apr;7(4):535-41. doi: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00056-x.
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43	Auditory Neuropathy after Damage to Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Mice Resulting from Conditional Expression of Diphtheria Toxin Receptors.Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 25;7(1):6409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06600-6.
44	Langerin(+) CD8(+) Dendritic Cells Drive Early CD8(+) T Cell Activation and IL-12 Production During Systemic Bacterial Infection.Front Immunol. 2018 May 7;9:953. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00953. eCollection 2018.
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46	Ablation of Pericyte-Like Cells in Lungs by Oropharyngeal Aspiration of Diphtheria Toxin.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2017 Feb;56(2):160-167. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0083MA.
47	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 Blockade Promotes Tissue Repair After Myocardial Infarction by Enhancing Regulatory T Cell Mobilization and Immune-Regulatory Function.Circulation. 2019 Apr 9;139(15):1798-1812. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036053.
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49	Islet macrophages are associated with islet vascular remodeling and compensatory hyperinsulinemia during diabetes.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 1;317(6):E1108-E1120. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00248.2019. Epub 2019 Oct 1.