Details of Drug Off-Target (DOT)

General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTNVWGC1)

• DOT Name: DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51)
• Synonyms: HsRAD51; hRAD51; RAD51 homolog A
• Gene Name: RAD51
• Related Disease:
  Fanconi anemia complementation group R
  Mirror movements 2
  Familial congenital mirror movements
  Fanconi's anemia
  Hereditary breast carcinoma
• UniProt ID: RAD51_HUMAN
• PDB ID: 1B22; 1N0W; 5H1B; 5H1C; 5JZC; 5NP7; 5NWL; 7C9A; 7EJC; 7EJE; 8BQ2; 8BR2; 8BSC; 8GYK; 8PBC; 8PBD
• Pfam ID: PF14520 ; PF08423
• Sequence:
  MAMQMQLEANADTSVEEESFGPQPISRLEQCGINANDVKKLEEAGFHTVEAVAYAPKKEL
  INIKGISEAKADKILAEAAKLVPMGFTTATEFHQRRSEIIQITTGSKELDKLLQGGIETG
  SITEMFGEFRTGKTQICHTLAVTCQLPIDRGGGEGKAMYIDTEGTFRPERLLAVAERYGL
  SGSDVLDNVAYARAFNTDHQTQLLYQASAMMVESRYALLIVDSATALYRTDYSGRGELSA
  RQMHLARFLRMLLRLADEFGVAVVITNQVVAQVDGAAMFAADPKKPIGGNIIAHASTTRL
  YLRKGRGETRICKIYDSPCLPEAEAMFAINADGVGDAKD
• Function: Plays an important role in homologous strand exchange, a key step in DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR). Binds to single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments which are essential for the homology search and strand exchange. Catalyzes the recognition of homology and strand exchange between homologous DNA partners to form a joint molecule between a processed DNA break and the repair template. Recruited to resolve stalled replication forks during replication stress. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing BRCA2 and RAD51C and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR. Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3. Also involved in interstrand cross-link repair.
• Tissue Specificity: Highly expressed in testis and thymus, followed by small intestine, placenta, colon, pancreas and ovary. Weakly expressed in breast.
• KEGG Pathway:
  Homologous recombi.tion (hsa03440)
  Fanconi anemia pathway (hsa03460)
  Pathways in cancer (hsa05200)
  Pancreatic cancer (hsa05212)
• Reactome Pathway:
  HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR) (R-HSA-5685942)
  Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) (R-HSA-5693554)
  Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates (R-HSA-5693568)
  Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange (R-HSA-5693579)
  Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange (R-HSA-5693616)
  Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6 (R-HSA-8953750)
  Meiotic recombination (R-HSA-912446)
  Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA1 loss of function (R-HSA-9701192)
  Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function (R-HSA-9704331)
  Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA2/RAD51/RAD51C binding function (R-HSA-9704646)
  Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51 (R-HSA-9709570)
  Impaired BRCA2 binding to PALB2 (R-HSA-9709603)
  HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA) (R-HSA-5685938)

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

5 Disease(s) Related to This DOT

Disease Name	Disease ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
Fanconi anemia complementation group R	DISXP307	Strong	Autosomal dominant	[1]
Mirror movements 2	DISXVLIN	Strong	Autosomal dominant	[2]
Familial congenital mirror movements	DISJLV92	Supportive	Autosomal dominant	[2]
Fanconi's anemia	DISGW6Q8	Supportive	Autosomal recessive	[3]
Hereditary breast carcinoma	DISAEZT5	Limited	Autosomal dominant	[4]

This DOT Affected the Drug Response of 3 Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Gefitinib	DM15F0X	Approved	DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) affects the response to substance of Gefitinib.	[55]
Amsacrine	DMZKYIV	Approved	DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) affects the response to substance of Amsacrine.	[56]
CHLORANIL	DMCHGF1	Investigative	DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) decreases the response to substance of CHLORANIL.	[30]

54 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Approved	Valproate decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[5]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Approved	Ciclosporin decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[6]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Approved	Tretinoin affects the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[7]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Approved	Acetaminophen increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[8]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Approved	Doxorubicin decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[9]
Cupric Sulfate	DMP0NFQ	Approved	Cupric Sulfate decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[10]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Approved	Cisplatin increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[11]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Approved	Estradiol increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[12]
Hydrogen peroxide	DM1NG5W	Approved	Hydrogen peroxide decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[14]
Calcitriol	DM8ZVJ7	Approved	Calcitriol decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[15]
Vorinostat	DMWMPD4	Approved	Vorinostat decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[16]
Testosterone	DM7HUNW	Approved	Testosterone decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[15]
Carbamazepine	DMZOLBI	Approved	Carbamazepine affects the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[17]
Menadione	DMSJDTY	Approved	Menadione affects the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[19]
Fulvestrant	DM0YZC6	Approved	Fulvestrant decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[20]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Approved	Cannabidiol decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[21]
Bortezomib	DMNO38U	Approved	Bortezomib decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[22]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Approved	Troglitazone decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[23]
Cytarabine	DMZD5QR	Approved	Cytarabine increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[24]
Irinotecan	DMP6SC2	Approved	Irinotecan increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[25]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Approved	Diclofenac affects the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[17]
Dasatinib	DMJV2EK	Approved	Dasatinib decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[26]
DTI-015	DMXZRW0	Approved	DTI-015 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[27]
Mitomycin	DMH0ZJE	Approved	Mitomycin increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[28]
Lucanthone	DMZLBUO	Approved	Lucanthone decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[29]
Dactinomycin	DM2YGNW	Approved	Dactinomycin decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[30]
Romidepsin	DMT5GNL	Approved	Romidepsin decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[31]
Chlorambucil	DMRKE63	Approved	Chlorambucil increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[32]
AC220	DM8Y4JS	Approved	AC220 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[31]
Urethane	DM7NSI0	Phase 4	Urethane decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[33]
SNDX-275	DMH7W9X	Phase 3	SNDX-275 increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[31]
Resveratrol	DM3RWXL	Phase 3	Resveratrol increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[34]
Camptothecin	DM6CHNJ	Phase 3	Camptothecin decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[9]
Abexinostat	DM91LGU	Phase 3	Abexinostat decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[35]
Genistein	DM0JETC	Phase 2/3	Genistein increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[12]
GSK2110183	DMZHB37	Phase 2	GSK2110183 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[36]
PEITC	DMOMN31	Phase 2	PEITC decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[37]
Itarnafloxin	DMCY9PO	Phase 2	Itarnafloxin increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[38]
INCB054329	DM7TZL0	Phase 1/2	INCB054329 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[39]
Benzo(a)pyrene	DMN7J43	Phase 1	Benzo(a)pyrene decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[40]
(+)-JQ1	DM1CZSJ	Phase 1	(+)-JQ1 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[41]
Leflunomide	DMR8ONJ	Phase 1 Trial	Leflunomide decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[42]
PMID28460551-Compound-2	DM4DOUB	Patented	PMID28460551-Compound-2 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[43]
SCH 727965	DMCJLD1	Discontinued in Phase 3	SCH 727965 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[44]
PJ34	DMXO6YH	Preclinical	PJ34 decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[45]
Bisphenol A	DM2ZLD7	Investigative	Bisphenol A decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[46]
Trichostatin A	DM9C8NX	Investigative	Trichostatin A decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[47]
Coumestrol	DM40TBU	Investigative	Coumestrol increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[48]
3R14S-OCHRATOXIN A	DM2KEW6	Investigative	3R14S-OCHRATOXIN A decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[49]
GALLICACID	DM6Y3A0	Investigative	GALLICACID increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[50]
Nickel chloride	DMI12Y8	Investigative	Nickel chloride decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[51]
geraniol	DMS3CBD	Investigative	geraniol decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[52]
Fenthion	DMKEG49	Investigative	Fenthion decreases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[53]
Dimethylformamide	DML6O4N	Investigative	Dimethylformamide increases the expression of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[54]

1 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Arsenic	DMTL2Y1	Approved	Arsenic affects the methylation of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[13]

1 Drug(s) Affected the Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Decitabine	DMQL8XJ	Approved	Decitabine affects the localization of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51).	[18]

References

• [1] A Dominant Mutation in Human RAD51 Reveals Its Function in DNA Interstrand Crosslink Repair Independent of Homologous Recombination. Mol Cell. 2015 Aug 6;59(3):478-90. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.009.
• [2] RAD51 haploinsufficiency causes congenital mirror movements in humans. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Feb 10;90(2):301-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.002. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
• [3] A novel Fanconi anaemia subtype associated with a dominant-negative mutation in RAD51. Nat Commun. 2015 Dec 18;6:8829. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9829.
• [4] Classification of Genes: Standardized Clinical Validity Assessment of Gene-Disease Associations Aids Diagnostic Exome Analysis and Reclassifications. Hum Mutat. 2017 May;38(5):600-608. doi: 10.1002/humu.23183. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
• [5] Downregulation of homologous recombination DNA repair genes by HDAC inhibition in prostate cancer is mediated through the E2F1 transcription factor. PLoS One. 2010 Jun 18;5(6):e11208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011208.
• [6] Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):489-501.
• [7] Molecular characterization of a toxicological tipping point during human stem cell differentiation. Reprod Toxicol. 2020 Jan;91:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.001. Epub 2019 Oct 7.
• [8] Predictive toxicology using systemic biology and liver microfluidic "on chip" approaches: application to acetaminophen injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;259(3):270-80.
• [9] Coordinate alterations in the expression of BRCA1, BRCA2, p300, and Rad51 in response to genotoxic and other stresses in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate. 1999 Jun 15;40(1):37-49. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19990615)40:1<37::aid-pros5>3.0.co;2-p.
• [10] Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
• [11] Low doses of cisplatin induce gene alterations, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Biomark Insights. 2016 Aug 24;11:113-21.
• [12] Convergent transcriptional profiles induced by endogenous estrogen and distinct xenoestrogens in breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2006 Aug;27(8):1567-78.
• [13] Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: identifying sites of 5-methylcytosine alterations that predict functional changes in gene expression in newborn cord blood and subsequent birth outcomes. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jan;143(1):97-106. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu210. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
• [14] Propolis alleviates 4-aminobiphenyl-induced oxidative DNA damage by inhibition of CYP2E1 expression in human liver cells. Environ Toxicol. 2021 Aug;36(8):1504-1513. doi: 10.1002/tox.23147. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
• [15] Effects of 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and testosterone on miRNA and mRNA expression in LNCaP cells. Mol Cancer. 2011 May 18;10:58.
• [16] Enhancement of radiation response in osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines by histone deacetylase inhibition. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 1;78(1):237-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.03.010. Epub 2010 Jun 18.
• [17] Drug-induced endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress responses independently sensitize toward TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Jul;140(1):144-59. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu072. Epub 2014 Apr 20.
• [18] DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces reversible genome-wide DNA damage that is distinctly influenced by DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3B. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;28(2):752-71. doi: 10.1128/MCB.01799-07. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
• [19] Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Apr;114(2):193-203. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp309. Epub 2009 Dec 31.
• [20] mTOR inhibition reverses acquired endocrine therapy resistance of breast cancer cells at the cell proliferation and gene-expression levels. Cancer Sci. 2008 Oct;99(10):1992-2003. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00955.x.
• [21] Cannabidiol-induced transcriptomic changes and cellular senescence in human Sertoli cells. Toxicol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;191(2):227-238. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac131.
• [22] Bortezomib-induced "BRCAness" sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to PARP inhibitors. Blood. 2011 Dec 8;118(24):6368-79. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-363911. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
• [23] Effects of ciglitazone and troglitazone on the proliferation of human stomach cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan 21;15(3):310-20.
• [24] The DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacitidine, decitabine and zebularine exert differential effects on cancer gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia. 2009 Jun;23(6):1019-28.
• [25] Irinotecan and DNA-PKcs inhibitors synergize in killing of colon cancer cells. Invest New Drugs. 2012 Jun;30(3):1248-56. doi: 10.1007/s10637-010-9626-9. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
• [26] Dasatinib reverses cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from primary lung carcinomas to a phenotype comparable to that of normal fibroblasts. Mol Cancer. 2010 Jun 27;9:168.
• [27] Gene expression profile induced by BCNU in human glioma cell lines with differential MGMT expression. J Neurooncol. 2005 Jul;73(3):189-98.
• [28] Curcumin enhances the mitomycin C-induced cytotoxicity via downregulation of MKK1/2-ERK1/2-mediated Rad51 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Sep 15;255(3):327-38. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.07.012. Epub 2011 Jul 24.
• [29] Lucanthone is a novel inhibitor of autophagy that induces cathepsin D-mediated apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 25;286(8):6602-13.
• [30] Unpredicted Downregulation of RAD51 Suggests Genome Instability Induced by Tetrachlorobenzoquinone. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 Dec 19;29(12):2184-2193. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00369. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
• [31] Inhibitors of class I HDACs and of FLT3 combine synergistically against leukemia cells with mutant FLT3. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jan;96(1):177-193. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03174-1. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
• [32] Chlorambucil induction of HsRad51 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Aug;5(8):2178-84.
• [33] Ethyl carbamate induces cell death through its effects on multiple metabolic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Nov 1;277:21-32.
• [34] Effects of resveratrol on the expression of a panel of genes interacting with the BRCA1 oncosuppressor in human breast cell lines. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Jun;344(1-2):115-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.02.024.
• [35] HDAC inhibitor PCI-24781 decreases RAD51 expression and inhibits homologous recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 4;104(49):19482-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707828104. Epub 2007 Nov 27.
• [36] Novel ATP-competitive Akt inhibitor afuresertib suppresses the proliferation of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Cancer Med. 2017 Nov;6(11):2646-2659. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1179. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
• [37] Phenethyl isothiocyanate alters the gene expression and the levels of protein associated with cell cycle regulation in human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells. Environ Toxicol. 2017 Jan;32(1):176-187.
• [38] CX-5461 is a DNA G-quadruplex stabilizer with selective lethality in BRCA1/2 deficient tumours. Nat Commun. 2017 Feb 17;8:14432. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14432.
• [39] The BET inhibitor INCB054329 reduces homologous recombination efficiency and augments PARP inhibitor activity in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2018 Jun;149(3):575-584. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.03.049. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
• [40] Transcriptional signature of human macrophages exposed to the environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Apr;114(2):247-59.
• [41] Inhibition of BRD4 attenuates tumor cell self-renewal and suppresses stem cell signaling in MYC driven medulloblastoma. Oncotarget. 2014 May 15;5(9):2355-71.
• [42] Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
• [43] Cell-based two-dimensional morphological assessment system to predict cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114761. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114761. Epub 2019 Sep 15.
• [44] CDK12 Inhibition Reverses De Novo and Acquired PARP Inhibitor Resistance in BRCA Wild-Type and Mutated Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep. 2016 Nov 22;17(9):2367-2381. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.077.
• [45] PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, reverses melphalan-resistance and inhibits repair of DNA double-strand breaks by targeting the FA/BRCA pathway in multidrug resistant multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226/R. Int J Oncol. 2015 Jan;46(1):223-32. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2726. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
• [46] Bisphenol A induces DSB-ATM-p53 signaling leading to cell cycle arrest, senescence, autophagy, stress response, and estrogen release in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Apr;92(4):1453-1469.
• [47] MCM-2 is a therapeutic target of Trichostatin A in colon cancer cells. Toxicol Lett. 2013 Jul 31;221(1):23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.643. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
• [48] Pleiotropic combinatorial transcriptomes of human breast cancer cells exposed to mixtures of dietary phytoestrogens. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Apr;47(4):787-95.
• [49] Downregulation of Rad51 participates in OTA-induced DNA double-strand breaks in GES-1 cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett. 2014 Apr 21;226(2):214-21. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
• [50] Gene expression profile analysis of gallic acid-induced cell death process. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 18;11(1):16743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96174-1.
• [51] Nickel induces transcriptional down-regulation of DNA repair pathways in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lung cells. Carcinogenesis. 2017 Jun 1;38(6):627-637.
• [52] Geraniol suppresses prostate cancer growth through down-regulation of E2F8. Cancer Med. 2016 Oct;5(10):2899-2908.
• [53] The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of single and combined fenthion and terbufos treatments in human liver cells and zebrafish embryos. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 1;758:143597. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143597. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
• [54] Oxidative stress-related DNA damage and homologous recombination repairing induced by N,N-dimethylformamide. J Appl Toxicol. 2016 Jul;36(7):936-45. doi: 10.1002/jat.3226. Epub 2015 Sep 21.
• [55] E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF180 reduces sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells to Gefitinib by downregulating RAD51. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Feb 25;354:109798. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109798. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
• [56] A novel interaction [corrected] of nucleolin with Rad51. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 May 26;344(1):206-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.113. Epub 2006 Mar 29.