General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCKGOTS)

Drug Combination Name
Epirubicin Vemurafenib
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adenocarcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Epirubicin   DMPDW6T Vemurafenib   DM62UG5
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: OVCAR3
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.56
Bliss Independence Score: 6.36
Loewe Additivity Score: 5.94
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 5.6

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Epirubicin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [2]
Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) TT0IHXV TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN Modulator [4]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epirubicin Interacts with 4 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) DTSYQGK MRP1_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) DTFI42L MRP2_HUMAN Substrate [6]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [6]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Metabolism [7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epirubicin Interacts with 30 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) OTGUN89S MRP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2) OTW8V2V1 ABCG2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [9]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA) OTMQNTNX ANF_HUMAN Increases Expression [10]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Interleukin-6 (IL6) OTUOSCCU IL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [12]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R) OTCQL07Z IL6RA_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) OT192V9V RARA_HUMAN Affects Mutagenesis [14]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1) OTAELNGX KS6B1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Protein PML (PML) OT6SM2GD PML_HUMAN Affects Mutagenesis [14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [11]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) OTHBQVD5 4EBP1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
FK506-binding protein-like (FKBPL) OTR9ND6K FKBPL_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) OT2D9DOV TNR1A_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
MARVEL domain-containing protein 1 (MARVELD1) OT5CPOJE MALD1_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [18]
Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) OT9AGAIJ LHPP_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
Alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1) OTBW6SGD ALPK1_HUMAN Increases ADR [19]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 (BIRC6) OTCQJAB0 BIRC6_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [20]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [21]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [22]
Protein S100-P (S100P) OTJCXNJG S100P_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [23]
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2) OTMV9DPP PHLA2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
Little elongation complex subunit 1 (ICE1) OTOXTBUH ICE1_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
Microcephalin (MCPH1) OTYT3TT5 MCPH1_HUMAN Increases ADR [19]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 30 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Vemurafenib
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Melanoma 2C30 Approved [3]
Vemurafenib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) TTWCGQT BRAF_HUMAN Modulator [27]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vemurafenib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [28]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1) DT3D8F0 SO1B1_HUMAN Substrate [29]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3) DT9C1TS SO1B3_HUMAN Substrate [29]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vemurafenib Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [30]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vemurafenib Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) OT6XJCZH MITF_HUMAN Affects Expression [25]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Decreases Expression [31]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) OT7EP05T CDK4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) OTAD2HEL CCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [26]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [26]
CD70 antigen (CD70) OTHB2AL1 CD70_HUMAN Decreases Expression [34]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) OT75U9M4 PGH2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1) OTWBRPAI SRBP1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [35]
Melanocyte protein PMEL (PMEL) OTCDDHHM PMEL_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGEA1) OTXAO193 MAGA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [25]
Thyroxine 5-deiodinase (DIO3) OTNTITOT IOD3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [36]
Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 (MLANA) OT1N2S2K MAR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) OTADSC03 HIF1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
GTPase KRas (KRAS) OT78QCN8 RASK_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [37]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) OT7S81XQ BRAF_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [38]
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A) OTKGIE76 HS71A_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [39]
GTPase NRas (NRAS) OTVQ1DG3 RASN_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [37]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 19 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Adult acute myeloid leukemia DCFVGR5 HL-60(TB) Investigative [40]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DCY21CB MOLT-4 Investigative [40]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DCV1ZVB CCRF-CEM Investigative [40]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia DCLIIXU K-562 Investigative [40]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DC5XQX3 CAKI-1 Investigative [40]
Glioblastoma DCMDNSH SNB-75 Investigative [40]
Glioma DC3I2P9 SF-539 Investigative [40]
Glioma DCMLO4I SF-268 Investigative [40]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma DC23Y76 ACHN Investigative [40]
Plasma cell myeloma DCNB1E1 RPMI-8226 Investigative [40]
Renal cell carcinoma DC16W88 SN12C Investigative [40]
Breast adenocarcinoma DCE6CTN MDA-MB-468 Investigative [41]
Carcinoma DC84ZWP MCF7 Investigative [41]
Colon carcinoma DC1J7S5 KM12 Investigative [41]
Invasive ductal carcinoma DCGQ9FN HS 578T Investigative [41]
Invasive ductal carcinoma DCZO7BY BT-549 Investigative [41]
Invasive ductal carcinoma DC1UDPO T-47D Investigative [41]
Adenocarcinoma DCNF5AN DU-145 Investigative [1]
Adenocarcinoma DC0GSVV NCIH23 Investigative [1]
Adenocarcinoma DCUYKWT A549 Investigative [1]
Adenocarcinoma DCGK8GQ HCT-15 Investigative [1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DCZ70G5 OVCAR-5 Investigative [1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DC292NL OVCAR-8 Investigative [1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DC6HE7H OVCAR-4 Investigative [1]
Large cell lung carcinoma DCXJOGL NCI-H460 Investigative [1]
Lung adenocarcinoma DCM88G8 MDA-MB-231 Investigative [1]
Lung adenocarcinoma DCMRG5B NCI-H522 Investigative [1]
Malignant melanoma DCWVMLO LOX IMVI Investigative [1]
Melanoma DCMLCJE SK-MEL-2 Investigative [1]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma DCQDCZ6 NCI-H322M Investigative [1]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma DC65UAX IGROV1 Investigative [1]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma DCNT563 SK-OV-3 Investigative [1]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma DC5DQQI NCI-H226 Investigative [1]
Prostate carcinoma DCFUFG3 PC-3 Investigative [1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 34 DrugCom(s)

References

1 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
2 New drugs for the treatment of cancer, 1990-2001. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 Dec;4(12):1124-31.
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5893).
4 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
5 Sulindac sulfide selectively increases sensitivity of ABCC1 expressing tumor cells to doxorubicin and glutathione depletion. J Biomed Res. 2016 Mar;30(2):120-133.
6 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
7 Epirubicin glucuronidation and UGT2B7 developmental expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2097-101.
8 Co-encapsulation of chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in PEGylated liposomes circumvents multidrug resistance in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.023. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
9 Camptothecin resistance: role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), mitoxantrone-resistance half-transporter (MXR), and potential for glucuronidation in MXR-expressing cells. Cancer Res. 1999 Dec 1;59(23):5938-46.
10 Preliminary study on behaviour of atrial natriuretic factor in anthracycline-related cardiac toxicity. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1991;11(2):75-81.
11 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone modulates multidrug resistance transporters and induces apoptosis via production of reactive oxygen species. Toxicology. 2012 Dec 16;302(2-3):221-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
12 Early epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction revealed by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2007 Sep;12(9):1124-33. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-9-1124.
13 Persistence, up to 18 months of follow-up, of epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction detected early by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2008 Dec;13(12):1296-305. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0151. Epub 2008 Dec 5.
14 Evidence for direct involvement of epirubicin in the formation of chromosomal translocations in t(15;17) therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2010 Jan 14;115(2):326-30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-235051. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
15 (-)-Gossypol enhances the anticancer activity of epirubicin via downregulating survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Sep 1;364:110060. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110060. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
16 The differential effects of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil on apoptotic marker (CPP-32), pro-apoptotic protein (p21(WAF-1)) and anti-apoptotic protein (bcl-2) in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Aug;80(3):239-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1024995202135.
17 Genome-wide association study of chemotherapeutic agent-induced severe neutropenia/leucopenia for patients in Biobank Japan. Cancer Sci. 2013 Aug;104(8):1074-82. doi: 10.1111/cas.12186. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
18 MARVELD1 attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production. Ann Transl Med. 2019 May;7(9):200. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.38.
19 Genome-wide association study of epirubicin-induced leukopenia in Japanese patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Sep;21(9):552-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328348e48f.
20 [Knock-down of apollon gene by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits the proliferation of Lovo cells and enhances chemo-sensitivity]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2011 Feb;46(2):138-45.
21 [Antisense oligonucleotide targeting survivin induces apoptosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma cells and enhances their sensitivity to epirubicin in vitro]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2005 Aug;27(8):468-70.
22 Endogenous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione S-transferase in protection of mesothelioma cells against hydrogen peroxide and epirubicin toxicity. Br J Cancer. 1998 Apr;77(7):1097-102. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.182.
23 S100P contributes to chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3. Oncol Rep. 2008 Aug;20(2):325-32.
24 TSSC3 overexpression associates with growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhances chemotherapeutic effects in human osteosarcoma. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jan;33(1):30-40. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr232. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
25 PLX4032 Mediated Melanoma Associated Antigen Potentiation in Patient Derived Primary Melanoma Cells. J Cancer. 2015 Oct 29;6(12):1320-30. doi: 10.7150/jca.11126. eCollection 2015.
26 Actin remodeling confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through YAP/TAZ activation. EMBO J. 2016 Mar 1;35(5):462-78. doi: 10.15252/embj.201592081. Epub 2015 Dec 14.
27 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
28 Differential effects of the oncogenic BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 (vemurafenib) and its progenitor PLX4720 on ABCB1 function. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(1):154-68.
29 Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
30 Vemurafenib for the treatment of melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 Dec;13(17):2533-43.
31 Perturbation biology nominates upstream-downstream drug combinations in RAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells. Elife. 2015 Aug 18;4:e04640. doi: 10.7554/eLife.04640.
32 Role of the protein kinase BRAF in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2016 Aug;20(8):1017-29. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1180367. Epub 2016 May 4.
33 Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 26;7(4):4428-41. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6599.
34 Melanoma Expressed-CD70 Is Regulated by RhoA and MAPK Pathways without Affecting Vemurafenib Treatment Activity. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 1;11(2):e0148095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148095. eCollection 2016.
35 Sustained SREBP-1-dependent lipogenesis as a key mediator of resistance to BRAF-targeted therapy. Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 27;9(1):2500. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04664-0.
36 MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016 Mar;23(3):135-46. doi: 10.1530/ERC-15-0162.
37 Paradoxical activation of MEK/ERK signaling induced by B-Raf inhibition enhances DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016 May 25;6:26803. doi: 10.1038/srep26803.
38 The BRAFT1799A mutation confers sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to the BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4032 (RG7204). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jan 28;404(4):958-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.088. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
39 HSP70 Inhibition Limits FAK-Dependent Invasion and Enhances the Response to Melanoma Treatment with BRAF Inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2016 May 1;76(9):2720-30. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2137. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
40 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
41 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.