Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCUAZGM)

• Drug Combination Name: Atenolol + Clindamycin
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Atenolol (DMNKG1Z): Small molecular drug
  Clindamycin (DM15HL8): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 5.17
  Bliss Independence Score: 5.17
  Loewe Additivity Score: 19.02
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 19.02

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Atenolol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[2]
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[3]
Malignant essential hypertension	BA00	Approved	[2]
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[2]

Atenolol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1)	TTR6W5O	ADRB1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[7]

Atenolol Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2)	DTE2B1D	SO1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]

Atenolol Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]

Atenolol Interacts with 27 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 (KCNQ1)	OT8SPJNX	KCNQ1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[14]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Angiotensinogen (AGT)	OTBZLYR3	ANGT_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[17]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)	OTMQNTNX	ANF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)	OT5THARI	APOA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2)	OTQ3HGTC	APOA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB)	OTH0UOCZ	APOB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Reduced folate transporter (SLC19A1)	OTWB0BTO	S19A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 (SLC6A8)	OT88C8JA	SC6A8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M)	OTDWN6NX	B2MG_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N (SNRPN)	OTQB1ID1	RSMN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 (FKBP5)	OT404F9K	FKBP5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 (SLCO4C1)	OTVILUUN	SO4C1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
C-type lectin domain family 2 member B (CLEC2B)	OT0W0M0L	CLC2B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2)	OT0PF19E	RYR2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[24]
Inward rectifier potassium channel 2 (KCNJ2)	OT2OQEZS	KCNJ2_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[14]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[25]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]
B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2)	OTOA9D3W	BKRB2_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[26]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1)	OTZCACEG	EDN1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[27]
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A)	OTZFGOTP	ADA2A_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[28]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1)	OTZNQUW9	KCNE1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]

Indication(s) of Clindamycin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[4]
Aspiration pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Bacteremia	1A73	Approved	[5]
Bacterial vaginosis	MF3A	Approved	[5]
Pleural empyema	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Staphylococcal pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Staphylococcus aureus infection	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Streptococcal pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Pelvic inflammatory disease	GA05	Investigative	[5]

Clindamycin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bacterial 50S ribosomal RNA (Bact 50S rRNA)	TTUWYEA	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[29]

Clindamycin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[30]
Beta-lactamase (blaB)	DEMSNER	A4LA84_EDWTA	Metabolism	[31]

Clindamycin Interacts with 4 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[32]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain (HLA-DRB1)	OTRGGIFP	DRB1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[33]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E)	OTX1CTFB	HLAE_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[33]
Collagenase 3 (MMP13)	OTY8BZIE	MMP13_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[34]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Atenolol FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 548).
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] Clindamycin FDA Label
• [6] Change in mRNA Expression after Atenolol, a Beta-adrenergic Receptor Antagonist and Association with Pharmacological Response. Arch Drug Inf. 2009 Sep;2(3):41-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2009.00020.x.
• [7] Prediction and experimental validation of acute toxicity of beta-blockers in Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 Oct;24(10):2470-6.
• [8] Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1. Life Sci. 2002 Feb 15;70(13):1491-500.
• [9] Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 26;56(18):7232-42.
• [10] Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;70(5):645-55.
• [11] Metabolism of atenolol in man. Xenobiotica. 1978 May;8(5):313-20.
• [12] Application of substrate depletion assay to evaluation of CYP isoforms responsible for stereoselective metabolism of carvedilol. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2016 Dec;31(6):425-432.
• [13] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [14] Additional gene variants reduce effectiveness of beta-blockers in the LQT1 form of long QT syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004 Feb;15(2):190-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03212.x.
• [15] Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
• [16] Effects of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and atenolol alone or in combination in patients with hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2008 Sep;9(3):163-75. doi: 10.1177/1470320308096411.
• [17] Long-term effects of irbesartan and atenolol on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human primary hypertension: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;42(6):719-26. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200312000-00005.
• [18] Atenolol improves ventricular function without changing plasma noradrenaline but decreasing plasma atrial natriuretic factor in chronic heart failure. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2002 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):261-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1474-8673.2002.00266.x.
• [19] The effects of clonidine hydrochloride versus atenolol monotherapy on serum lipids, lipid subfractions, and apolipoproteins in mild hypertension. Am Heart J. 1990 Jul;120(1):172-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(90)90175-w.
• [20] Atenolol-induced regulation of leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors in hypertension. Pharmacology. 1984;29(4):210-4. doi: 10.1159/000138015.
• [21] A comparison of atenolol and nebivolol in isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2008 Feb;26(2):351-6. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f283c9.
• [22] Folic acid uptake by the human syncytiotrophoblast: interference by pharmacotherapy, drugs of abuse and pathological conditions. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Dec;28(4):511-20. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
• [23] A 1-year follow-up study on the effect of atenolol on serum beta 2-microglobulin level in hypertensive diabetic patients. J Int Med Res. 1989 Mar-Apr;17(2):162-7. doi: 10.1177/030006058901700208.
• [24] Beta-blockers restore calcium release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in human heart failure. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2459-66. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000068316.53218.49. Epub 2003 May 12.
• [25] CACNA1C gene polymorphisms, cardiovascular disease outcomes, and treatment response. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009 Aug;2(4):362-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.857839. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
• [26] B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR) polymorphism and change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial. J Hypertens. 2003 Mar;21(3):621-4. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200303000-00029.
• [27] Gender-specific association between preproendothelin-1 genotype and reduction of systolic blood pressure during antihypertensive treatment--results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). Clin Cardiol. 2004 May;27(5):287-90. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960270510.
• [28] Single nucleotide polymorphisms predict the change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens. 2004 Dec;22(12):2321-8. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200412000-00014.
• [29] Structural basis for the interaction of antibiotics with the peptidyl transferase centre in eubacteria. Nature. 2001 Oct 25;413(6858):814-21.
• [30] In vitro metabolism of clindamycin in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jul;31(7):878-87.
• [31] Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility, beta-lactamase production, plasmid analysis and serum bactericidal activity in Edwardsiella tarda, E. ictaluri and E. hoshinae. J Med Microbiol. 1993 Oct;39(4):273-81.
• [32] A comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis of antibiotics that activate pregnane X receptor and induce CYP3A4 in liver and intestine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1689-97.
• [33] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [34] Chloramphenicol causes mitochondrial stress, decreases ATP biosynthesis, induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression, and solid-tumor cell invasion. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jul;116(1):140-50. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq085. Epub 2010 Mar 25.