General Information of Drug (ID: DMYXELH)

Drug Name
1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE Drug Info
Synonyms
1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE; 524-42-5; 1,2-Naphthalenedione; naphthalene-1,2-dione; o-Naphthoquinone; beta-Naphthoquinone; 1,2-Naphthaquinone; 1,2-Naftochinon; .beta.-Naphthoquinone; 1,2-Naftochinon [Czech]; CCRIS 1558; UNII-804K62F61Q; HSDB 2036; 1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-dione; NSC 9831; EINECS 208-360-2; 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-diketo-naphthalene; BRN 0606546; CHEMBL52347; MLS000069467; AI3-14930; CHEBI:34055; C10H6O2; KETQAJRQOHHATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 804K62F61Q; SMR000059112; 1,2-Naphthoquinone, 95%, tech.; NAPHTHALENEDIONE; b-naphthoquinone
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [1]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
10667
ChEBI ID
CHEMBL34055
CAS Number
CAS 524-42-5
TTD Drug ID
DMYXELH
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0006

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Patented Agent(s)
Drug(s) Targeting Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tacrine DM51FY6 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [13]
Donepezil DMIYG7Z Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [14]
Malathion DMXZ84M Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [15]
Galantamine DMEO794 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [16]
Huperzine A DMMAWLU Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [17]
Neostigmine DM6T2J3 Myasthenia gravis 8C6Y Approved [18]
YM443 DMNZCI1 Functional dyspepsia DD90.3 Approved [19]
Ambenonium DMOP0BL Myasthenia gravis 8C6Y Approved [20]
Demecarium bromide DMAYEU1 Open-angle glaucoma 9C61 Approved [21]
Isoflurophate DMBSK7X Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [22]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cholic Acid DM7OKQV Cholelithiasis DC11 Approved [23]
PACTIMIBE DM0NZDT Arteriosclerosis BD40 Phase 2/3 [24]
K-604 DMQVN6P Arteriosclerosis BD40 Phase 2 [25]
Eldacimibe DML7WP0 Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Phase 2 [26]
GR148672X DM7W6YN Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Clinical trial [27]
Avasimibe DMFG4OM Peripheral vascular disease BD4Z Discontinued in Phase 3 [28]
E-5324 DM562BM Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Discontinued in Phase 2 [29]
RP-64477 DMTQ3BS Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Discontinued in Phase 2 [30]
CI-976 DMBO28J Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Discontinued in Phase 2 [31]
CL-283796 DM7LIDT Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Discontinued in Phase 2 [32]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [33]
TRYPAN BLUE DM4NTMO Ophthalmic surgery injury PK97 Approved [34]
URSOLIC ACID DM4SOAW Metabolic syndrome x 5C50-5D2Z Phase 2 [35]
ISIS 113715 DMUPD4G Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Phase 2 [36]
ISIS-PTP1Brx DMJGVXT Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Phase 2 [37]
ERTIPROTAFIB DMJXEV7 Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Terminated [38]
Acetate Ion DMD08RH Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [23]
B-Octylglucoside DMMO75G Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [23]
2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol DMD45CU Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [23]
Double Oxidized Cysteine DM6TU84 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [23]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
L-Tryptophan DMIBH7M Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [39]
Avastin+/-Tarceva DMA86FL Non-small-cell lung cancer 2C25.Y Phase 3 [2]
BMS-986205 DM3MAYQ Melanoma 2C30 Phase 3 [40]
INCB24360 DMIJGT9 Urothelial carcinoma 2C92.0 Phase 3 [41]
NLG8189 DM0798Z Melanoma 2C30 Phase 2/3 [40]
DN1406131 DMQFX8R Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1 [42]
HTI-1090 DMI4TEC Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1 [43]
KHK2455 DMLSUQ8 Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1 [40]
LY3381916 DMONZ1L Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Phase 1 [40]
PF-06840003 DMOX6EJ Glioma 2A00.0 Phase 1 [44]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Targeting Cholinesterase (BCHE)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hexafluronium bromide DMFY307 Spasm MB47.3 Approved [45]
MEPTAZINOL DMPSB8F Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [46]
Eptastigmine DMTV7ZM Cognitive impairment 6D71 Phase 3 [47]
(-)-Phenserine DMNCY1I Alzheimer disease 8A20 Phase 3 [48]
Plasma derived human butyrylcholinesterase DMF3IBC Neurotoxicity NE61 Phase 1 [49]
Protexia DME1Y9W Alzheimer disease 8A20 Phase 1 [50]
JES-9501 DMYR3IE Alzheimer disease 8A20 Phase 1 [51]
Tetra-hydro-isoquinoline derivative 3 DMCZA45 N. A. N. A. Patented [52]
Tetra-hydro-isoquinoline derivative 1 DML86IO N. A. N. A. Patented [52]
Tetra-hydro-isoquinoline derivative 2 DM5CKVF N. A. N. A. Patented [52]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By NADPH:quinone reductase (CRYZ)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Menadione DMSJDTY Vitamin K deficiency 5B59 Approved [53]
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal DM2LJFZ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [54]
Hexylacrolein DMBC8KM N. A. N. A. Investigative [54]
Acetyl ethylene DMUH4N7 N. A. N. A. Investigative [54]
J-009747 DMQSB6N N. A. N. A. Investigative [54]
Drug(s) Metabolized By Sepiapterin reductase (SPR)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Menadione DMSJDTY Vitamin K deficiency 5B59 Approved [6]
Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrocortisone DMGEMB7 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [55]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [56]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [57]
Pantothenic acid DM091H2 Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [58]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [59]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [60]
Fexofenadine DM17ONX Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [61]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [62]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [63]
Lumiracoxib DM1S4AG Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [61]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [11]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [65]
Capsaicin DMGMF6V Back pain ME84.Z Approved [66]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive Approved [67]
Menadione DMSJDTY Vitamin K deficiency 5B59 Approved [11]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [68]
SNDX-275 DMH7W9X Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Phase 3 [69]
phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate DMJWD62 Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Phase 2 [70]
(+)-JQ1 DM1CZSJ Testicular cancer 2C80 Phase 1 [71]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Protein c-Fos (FOS)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [72]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [73]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [74]
Acebutolol DM0TI4U Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [73]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [75]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [76]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [77]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [78]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [79]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [80]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [81]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [82]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [83]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [84]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [85]
Secobarbital DM14RF5 Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [86]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [87]
Fexofenadine DM17ONX Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [88]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [89]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ethanol DMDRQZU Chronic pain MG30 Approved [90]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [81]
Carvedilol DMHTEAO Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [91]
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [92]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [93]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [80]
Urokinase DM0GOUD Myocardial infarction BA41-BA43 Approved [94]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [95]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [83]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [84]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [96]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [65]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [97]
Camphor DMWIO46 Acute or chronic pain MG30-MG31 Approved [98]
Permethrin DMZ0Q1G Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [99]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [100]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB N. A. N. A. Patented [101]
Manganese DMKT129 N. A. N. A. Investigative [102]
1,4-Naphthoquinone DMTCMH7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [12]
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [103]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [104]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [105]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [106]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [107]
Piroxicam DMTK234 Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [108]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [109]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [110]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [111]
Menadione DMSJDTY Vitamin K deficiency 5B59 Approved [112]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [113]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [114]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [115]
Glutathione DMAHMT9 Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [116]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [117]
Disulfiram DMCL2OK Alcohol dependence 6C40.2 Approved [118]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [65]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [105]
Zoledronate DMIXC7G Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [119]
Benzoic Acid DMKB9FI Alopecia areata ED70.2 Approved [118]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [113]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [120]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [117]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [65]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [105]
Temozolomide DMKECZD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [121]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [106]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [122]
Amphotericin B DMTAJQE Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [123]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [124]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [125]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [126]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [127]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [105]
Zoledronate DMIXC7G Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [119]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [106]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [110]
Carbamazepine DMZOLBI Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [127]
Daunorubicin DMQUSBT Acute monocytic leukemia Approved [125]
Urethane DM7NSI0 N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [128]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) TT1RS9F ACES_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Cholinesterase (BCHE) TTEB0GD CHLE_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) TTZJYKH I23O1_HUMAN Inhibitor [2]
Liver carboxylesterase (CES1) TTMF541 EST1_HUMAN Inhibitor [1]
PTPN1 messenger RNA (PTPN1 mRNA) TTELIN2 PTN1_HUMAN Inhibitor [3]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
NADPH:quinone reductase (CRYZ) DE8RYV5 QOR_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase (DCXR) DE3FEV8 DCXR_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Sepiapterin reductase (SPR) DEJVDAT SPRE_HUMAN Substrate [6]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 (AKR7A2) OTGEDDM2 ARK72_HUMAN Biotransformations [7]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1) OTZT9NOW AK1A1_HUMAN Biotransformations [7]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) OTRX72TH ALDR_HUMAN Biotransformations [7]
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 7 (DHRS7) OTV729DT DHRS7_HUMAN Biotransformations [8]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [9]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [10]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [10]
Protein c-Fos (FOS) OTJBUVWS FOS_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [10]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) OTRDIR5M TRPA1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [11]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 (TRPV3) OTC57YC6 TRPV3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [12]

References

1 Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1. J Med Chem. 2007 Nov 15;50(23):5727-34.
2 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the anticancer target for a novel series of potent naphthoquinone-based inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2008 Mar 27;51(6):1706-18.
3 Synthesis and PTP1B inhibition of 1,2-naphthoquinone derivatives as potent anti-diabetic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2002 Aug 5;12(15):1941-6.
4 Effect of superoxide dismutase on the autoxidation of various hydroquinones--a possible role of superoxide dismutase as a superoxide:semiquinone oxidoreductase. Free Radic Biol Med. 1988;5(2):71-9.
5 Diacetyl/l-xylulose reductase mediates chemical redox cycling in lung epithelial cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Jul 17;30(7):1406-1418.
6 Sepiapterin reductase mediates chemical redox cycling in lung epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 28;288(26):19221-37.
7 Major differences exist in the function and tissue-specific expression of human aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase and the principal human aldo-keto reductase AKR1 family members. Biochem J. 1999 Oct 15;343 Pt 2(Pt 2):487-504.
8 Biochemical properties of human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Jan 25;207:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
9 Linking oxidative events to inflammatory and adaptive gene expression induced by exposure to an organic particulate matter component. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Feb;120(2):267-74.
10 Activation of EGFR/MEK/ERK/AP-1 signaling mediated by 1,2-naphthoquinone, an atmospheric electrophile, in human pulmonary A549 cells. J Toxicol Sci. 2013;38(5):793-7. doi: 10.2131/jts.38.793.
11 Electrophilic components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1): a probable mechanism of acute pulmonary toxicity for DEP. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Jun 20;24(6):950-9. doi: 10.1021/tx200123z. Epub 2011 May 25.
12 Activation of TRPV3 by Wood Smoke Particles and Roles in Pneumotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2018 May 21;31(5):291-301. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00336. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
13 Evidence that the clinical effects of cholinesterase inhibitors are related to potency and targeting of action. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2002 Jun;(127):6-19.
14 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 2465).
15 Acetylcholinesterase activity in Corbicula fluminea Mull., as a biomarker of organophosphate pesticide pollution in Pinacanauan River, Philippines. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Jun;165(1-4):331-40.
16 [From symptomatic to disease modifying therapy Recent developments in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2009 Jun;77(6):326-33.
17 Huperzine A attenuates cognitive deficits and brain injury in neonatal rats after hypoxia-ischemia. Brain Res. 2002 Sep 13;949(1-2):162-70.
18 Screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by CE after enzymatic reaction at capillary inlet. J Sep Sci. 2009 May;32(10):1748-56.
19 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
20 Alpha6-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors dominate the nicotine control of dopamine neurotransmission in nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Aug;33(9):2158-66.
21 The effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase levels in normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;6(1):23-5.
22 Rational design of alkylene-linked bis-pyridiniumaldoximes as improved acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Chem Biol. 2003 Jun;10(6):491-502.
23 How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
24 Novel indoline-based acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor with antiperoxidative activity: improvement of physicochemical properties and b... J Med Chem. 2008 Aug 14;51(15):4823-33.
25 A selective ACAT-1 inhibitor, K-604, suppresses fatty streak lesions in fat-fed hamsters without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Apr;191(2):290-7.
26 Prospects for drug therapy for hyperlipoproteinaemia. Diabete Metab. 1995 Apr;21(2):139-46.
27 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 2592).
28 New advances in lipid-modifying therapies for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cardiology. 2002;97(2):59-66.
29 Effect of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, E5324, on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis. 1994 Jun;107(2):187-201.
30 RP 64477: a potent inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase with low systemic bioavailability. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Feb 23;51(4):413-21.
31 Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors modulate monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis. 1995 Jan 6;112(1):7-17.
32 ACAT inhibitors CL 283,546 and CL 283,796 reduce LDL cholesterol without affecting cholesterol absorption in African green monkeys. J Lipid Res. 1995 Jun;36(6):1199-210.
33 Periodinates: a new class of protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1999 Feb 8;9(3):353-6.
34 Evans Blue and other dyes as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Apr 19;14(8):1923-6.
35 Cytotoxic and PTP1B inhibitory activities from Erythrina abyssinica. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Dec 1;19(23):6745-9.
36 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of ISIS Pharmaceuticals (2009).
37 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of ISIS Pharmaceuticals.
38 2-O-carboxymethylpyrogallol derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors with antihyperglycemic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Oct 1;17(19):5357-60.
39 Interactions between nitric oxide and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Biochemistry. 2006 Jul 18;45(28):8527-38.
40 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
41 Incyte. Product Development Pipeline.
42 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03641794) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitor in Healthy Volunteers. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
43 Discovery of cyanopyridine scaffold as novel indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors through virtual screening and preliminary hit optimisation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2019 Dec;34(1):250-263.
44 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
45 Synergistic effect of acidosis and succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in spinal cord transected rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1984 Feb;28(1):87-90.
46 Bis-(-)-nor-meptazinols as novel nanomolar cholinesterase inhibitors with high inhibitory potency on amyloid-beta aggregation. J Med Chem. 2008 Apr 10;51(7):2027-36.
47 Inhibition of human acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by novel carbamates of (-)- and (+)-tetrahydrofurobenzofuran and methanobenzodioxepine. J Med Chem. 2006 Apr 6;49(7):2174-85.
48 Long-acting anticholinesterases for myasthenia gravis: synthesis and activities of quaternary phenylcarbamates of neostigmine, pyridostigmine and physostigmine. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Jul 1;18(13):4687-93.
49 Acetylcholinesterase-Fc Fusion Protein (AChE-Fc): A Novel Potential Organophosphate Bioscavenger with Extended Plasma Half-Life. Bioconjug Chem. 2015 Aug 19;26(8):1753-8.
50 In vitro and in vivo characterization of recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (Protexia) as a potential nerve agent bioscavenger. Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Dec 15;157-158:363-5.
51 Dehydroevodiamine attenuates beta-amyloid peptide-induced amnesia in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 16;413(2-3):221-5.
52 A patent review of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors and reactivators 2010-2017.Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2018 Jun;28(6):455-465.
53 Role of glutathione reductase during menadione-induced NADPH oxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Nov 15;36(22):3879-84.
54 Kinetic and structural evidence of the alkenal/one reductase specificity of human crystallin. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 Mar;68(6):1065-77.
55 Monomeric and oligomeric flavanols maintain the endogenous glucocorticoid response in human macrophages in pro-oxidant conditions in vitro. Chem Biol Interact. 2018 Aug 1;291:237-244.
56 Nicotine up-regulates IL-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells following stimulation with IL-1 or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling. Arch Oral Biol. 2012 May;57(5):483-90. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.10.007. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
57 Ca(2+) Signaling and IL-8 Secretion in Human Testicular Peritubular Cells Involve the Cation Channel TRPV2. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 19;19(9):2829. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092829.
58 Calcium pantothenate modulates gene expression in proliferating human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2009 Nov;18(11):969-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00884.x. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
59 Nitrogen mustard prevents transport of Fra-1 into the nucleus to promote c-Fos- and FosB-dependent IL-8 induction in injured mouse epidermis. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.006. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
60 ERE-independent ERalpha target genes differentially expressed in human breast tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005 Dec 21;245(1-2):53-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.10.003. Epub 2005 Nov 17.
61 An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
62 Gypenosides protect retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Feb;112:76-85.
63 Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuate ozone-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs. Possible role of interleukin-8. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;161(1):249-56. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.1.9804096.
64 Cannabidiol Activates Neuronal Precursor Genes in Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. J Cell Biochem. 2017 Jun;118(6):1531-1546. doi: 10.1002/jcb.25815. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
65 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
66 The anthelminthic drug praziquantel is a selective agonist of the sensory transient receptor potential melastatin type 8 channel. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 1;336:55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
67 Dasatinib reverses cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from primary lung carcinomas to a phenotype comparable to that of normal fibroblasts. Mol Cancer. 2010 Jun 27;9:168.
68 Activation of the human TRPA1 channel by different alkylating sulfur and nitrogen mustards and structurally related chemotherapeutic drugs. Toxicol Lett. 2023 Mar 1;376:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.007. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
69 Definition of transcriptome-based indices for quantitative characterization of chemically disturbed stem cell development: introduction of the STOP-Toxukn and STOP-Toxukk tests. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Feb;91(2):839-864.
70 Mechanisms and Consequences of Variable TRPA1 Expression by Airway Epithelial Cells: Effects of TRPV1 Genotype and Environmental Agonists on Cellular Responses to Pollutants in Vitro and Asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 2023 Feb;131(2):27009. doi: 10.1289/EHP11076. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
71 Inhibition of BRD4 attenuates tumor cell self-renewal and suppresses stem cell signaling in MYC driven medulloblastoma. Oncotarget. 2014 May 15;5(9):2355-71.
72 Essential role of cell cycle regulatory genes p21 and p27 expression in inhibition of breast cancer cells by arsenic trioxide. Med Oncol. 2011 Dec;28(4):1225-54.
73 Selection of drugs to test the specificity of the Tg.AC assay by screening for induction of the gadd153 promoter in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):260-70. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg113. Epub 2003 May 2.
74 Sertraline induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic cells. Toxicology. 2014 Aug 1;322:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.007. Epub 2014 May 24.
75 Estrogen regulation in human breast cancer cells of new downstream gene targets involved in estrogen metabolism, cell proliferation and cell transformation. J Mol Endocrinol. 2004 Apr;32(2):397-414.
76 Microarray analysis of H2O2-, HNE-, or tBH-treated ARPE-19 cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Nov 15;33(10):1419-32.
77 Methotrexate induces production of IL-1 and IL-6 in the monocytic cell line U937. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Jan 20;16(1):R17. doi: 10.1186/ar4444.
78 Simvastatin inhibits NOR-1 expression induced by hyperlipemia by interfering with CREB activation. Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Aug 1;67(2):333-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.03.016. Epub 2005 Apr 21.
79 The G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 mediates c-fos up-regulation by 17beta-estradiol and phytoestrogens in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 25;279(26):27008-16. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M403588200. Epub 2004 Apr 16.
80 Treatment with anticancer agents induces dysregulation of specific Wnt signaling pathways in human ovarian luteinized granulosa cells in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):183-92. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft175. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
81 Progesterone increases csk homologous kinase in HMC-1560 human mast cells and reduces cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem. 2007 Dec 1;102(5):1271-80. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21357.
82 Cannabidiol upregulates melanogenesis through CB1 dependent pathway by activating p38 MAPK and p42/44 MAPK. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Aug 1;273:107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
83 Sertraline, an antidepressant, induces apoptosis in hepatic cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Feb;137(2):404-15. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft254. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
84 Growth stimulation of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and small airway epithelial cells by beta-carotene via activation of cAMP, PKA, CREB and ERK1/2. Int J Cancer. 2006 Mar 15;118(6):1370-80. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21537.
85 Estrogen and pure antiestrogen fulvestrant (ICI 182 780) augment cell-matrigel adhesion of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through a novel G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30)-to-calpain signaling axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Mar 1;275(2):176-81. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.01.005. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
86 Inhibition of activator protein 1 by barbiturates is mediated by differential effects on mitogen-activated protein kinases and the small G proteins ras and rac-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Dec;311(3):1232-40. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.071332. Epub 2004 Jul 19.
87 Growth of hormone-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells is promoted by constitutive caveolin-1 whose expression is lost in an EGF-R-mediated manner during development of tamoxifen resistance. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Feb;119(3):575-91. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0355-8. Epub 2009 Mar 15.
88 Effect of histamine H1 receptor antagonists on TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production from CD14+ cells induced by antigenic stimulation in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155(1):38-51. doi: 10.1159/000318720. Epub 2010 Nov 25.
89 SIRT3 Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in Endothelial Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2016 Feb 20;24(6):329-43. doi: 10.1089/ars.2015.6331. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
90 Downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2020 Jul;30(6):407-416. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1747126. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
91 A unique mechanism of beta-blocker action: carvedilol stimulates beta-arrestin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 16;104(42):16657-62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707936104. Epub 2007 Oct 9.
92 The stent-eluting drugs sirolimus and paclitaxel suppress healing of the endothelium by induction of autophagy. Am J Pathol. 2009 Nov;175(5):2226-34.
93 Modulation of apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes via differential regulation of ERK signaling pathway by flavonoids. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 9;280(36):31498-507. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M505537200. Epub 2005 Jul 13.
94 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
95 Cannabidiol Modulates the Immunophenotype and Inhibits the Activation of the Inflammasome in Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol. 2016 Nov 24;7:559. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00559. eCollection 2016.
96 Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):20622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77674-y.
97 17-Estradiol Activates HSF1 via MAPK Signaling in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Oct 11;11(10):1533. doi: 10.3390/cancers11101533.
98 Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is a novel antinociceptive substance that inhibits TRPV3 and TRPA1 ion channels. Pain. 2011 May;152(5):1156-1164. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.044. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
99 Exposure to Insecticides Modifies Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Hematopoietic Tissues In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 26;24(7):6259. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076259.
100 Air pollution and DNA methylation alterations in lung cancer: A systematic and comparative study. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 3;8(1):1369-1391. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13622.
101 Cell-based two-dimensional morphological assessment system to predict cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114761. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114761. Epub 2019 Sep 15.
102 Gene expression profiling of human primary astrocytes exposed to manganese chloride indicates selective effects on several functions of the cells. Neurotoxicology. 2007 May;28(3):478-89.
103 Insights into the transcriptional regulation of the anthracycline reductase AKR7A2 in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2019 Jun 1;307:11-16.
104 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
105 Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Apr;236(4):2959-2975. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30055. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
106 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
107 Low doses of cisplatin induce gene alterations, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Biomark Insights. 2016 Aug 24;11:113-21.
108 Apoptosis induced by piroxicam plus cisplatin combined treatment is triggered by p21 in mesothelioma. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23569.
109 Increased mitochondrial ROS formation by acetaminophen in human hepatic cells is associated with gene expression changes suggesting disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Apr 16;234(2):139-50.
110 Reproducible chemical-induced changes in gene expression profiles in human hepatoma HepaRG cells under various experimental conditions. Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Apr;23(3):466-75. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.018. Epub 2008 Dec 30.
111 Inducible protection of human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells against hydrogen peroxide and aldehyde toxicity by 7-hydroxycoumarin is associated with the upregulation of aldo-keto reductases. Neurotoxicology. 2012 Oct;33(5):1368-74.
112 Human aldo-keto reductase AKR7A2 protects against the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of reactive aldehydes and lowers intracellular reactive oxygen species in hamster V79-4 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2012 Jan 5;195(1):25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.09.007. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
113 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
114 Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
115 Classification of heavy-metal toxicity by human DNA microarray analysis. Environ Sci Technol. 2007 May 15;41(10):3769-74.
116 Posttranslational glutathiolation of aldose reductase (AKR1B1): a possible mechanism of protein recovery from S-nitrosylation. Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Mar 16;178(1-3):250-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.11.007. Epub 2008 Nov 18.
117 Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):489-501.
118 Keratinocyte gene expression profiles discriminate sensitizing and irritating compounds. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Sep;117(1):81-9.
119 Interleukin-19 as a translational indicator of renal injury. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Jan;89(1):101-6.
120 Gene expression profile induced by arsenic trioxide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells reveals a central role for heme oxygenase-1 in apoptosis and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Oncotarget. 2016 Dec 13;7(50):83359-83377.
121 Temozolomide induces activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling in glioma cells via PI3K/Akt pathway: implications in glioma therapy. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2020 Jun;36(3):273-278. doi: 10.1007/s10565-019-09502-7. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
122 Activation of AIFM2 enhances apoptosis of human lung cancer cells undergoing toxicological stress. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 6;258:227-236.
123 Differential expression of microRNAs and their predicted targets in renal cells exposed to amphotericin B and its complex with copper (II) ions. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2017 Sep;27(7):537-543. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1333554. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
124 Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
125 Aldo-keto reductase 1C2 fails to metabolize doxorubicin and daunorubicin in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Jun;36(6):991-4. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020388. Epub 2008 Mar 5.
126 Temporal changes in gene expression in the skin of patients treated with isotretinoin provide insight into its mechanism of action. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 May;1(3):177-87.
127 Gene Expression Regulation and Pathway Analysis After Valproic Acid and Carbamazepine Exposure in a Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Assay. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Aug;146(2):311-20. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv094. Epub 2015 May 15.
128 Ethyl carbamate induces cell death through its effects on multiple metabolic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Nov 1;277:21-32.