General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCXIXBF)

Drug Combination Name
Imipramine Spironolactone
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Chronic myelogenous leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Imipramine   DM2NUH3 Spironolactone   DM2AQ5N
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 8.05
Bliss Independence Score: 8.05
Loewe Additivity Score: 22.26
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 22.26

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Imipramine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [2]
Nocturia MF55 Approved [3]
Imipramine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Norepinephrine transporter (NET) TTAWNKZ SC6A2_HUMAN Inhibitor [9]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imipramine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imipramine Interacts with 9 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [14]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DERD86B CP3A7_HUMAN Metabolism [15]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DEZMWRE CP2CI_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Metabolism [16]
Docosahexaenoic acid omega-hydroxylase (CYP4F11) DEIZLTN CP4FB_HUMAN Metabolism [17]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 DME(s)
Imipramine Interacts with 32 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) OTLP0A0Y GSTP1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [18]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) OT4FU8C0 NUPR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) OT9BP2S0 AACT_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Serine protease hepsin (HPN) OT7QNA61 HEPS_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver (FABP1) OTR34ETM FABPL_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) OT8R922G ASNS_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3) OT2HZK5M GTR3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Lanosterol synthase (LSS) OT9W2SFH LSS_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE) OTOI2NYG INHBE_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Transgelin (TAGLN) OTAEZ0KP TAGL_HUMAN Decreases Expression [7]
Acid ceramidase (ASAH1) OT1DNGXL ASAH1_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (NR0B2) OT7UVICX NR0B2_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Lysophospholipase D GDPD3 (GDPD3) OTOHM9QM GDPD3_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 4 (FNDC4) OTOQK0WK FNDC4_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1) OTB36PHJ DEPP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [7]
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) OT2H8HG6 ACES_HUMAN Decreases Activity [19]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) OTB1073G SCD_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) OTN44YQ5 TMPS2_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Albumin (ALB) OTVMM513 ALBU_HUMAN Affects Binding [22]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) OTSDOX4Q ADRB2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [24]
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (ORM2) OTRJGZP8 A1AG2_HUMAN Affects Binding [25]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [26]
Caspase-7 (CASP7) OTAPJ040 CASP7_HUMAN Increases Activity [26]
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1) OTYNJ4KP HSF1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [27]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1) OTCO26FV HMCS1_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 (GRIN1) OTZ5YBO8 NMDZ1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [28]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) OTZX881H KCNH2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [29]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1) OTZX0U5Q S47A1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [30]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) OTTRZGU7 ACE2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [21]
DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 5 (DNAJC5) OTCZDXAL DNJC5_HUMAN Increases Expression [31]
SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 (SHANK2) OTSQTPFQ SHAN2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [28]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 32 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Spironolactone
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [4]
Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [5]
Edema MG29 Approved [4]
Hyperaldosteronism 5A72 Approved [4]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 1D6Y Phase 3 [6]
Spironolactone Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) TT26PHO MCR_HUMAN Modulator [32]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spironolactone Interacts with 21 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) OTHCWT42 CP2C8_HUMAN Decreases Activity [34]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) OTRU7THO ABCBB_HUMAN Decreases Activity [35]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 (SGK1) OT301T1U SGK1_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) OTQPDNAB TPA_HUMAN Increases Expression [37]
Angiotensinogen (AGT) OTBZLYR3 ANGT_HUMAN Increases Expression [38]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA) OTMQNTNX ANF_HUMAN Decreases Expression [39]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) OT0DWXXB IL1B_HUMAN Increases Expression [40]
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain (COL3A1) OTT1EMLM CO3A1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [39]
Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) OTCYQH4F TFF1_HUMAN Increases Expression [41]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) OTT0MPQ3 PAI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [37]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [42]
Mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2) OT0F2V2Z MCR_HUMAN Increases Activity [43]
Myb-related protein A (MYBL1) OTBJMC2P MYBA_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Androgen receptor (AR) OTUBKAZZ ANDR_HUMAN Affects Binding [44]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB) OTSN2IPY ANFB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [39]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [26]
Caspase-7 (CASP7) OTAPJ040 CASP7_HUMAN Increases Activity [26]
Protein GREB1 (GREB1) OTU6ZA26 GREB1_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Renin (REN) OT52GZR2 RENI_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [45]
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (PON3) OT80W9TA PON3_HUMAN Increases Hydrolysis [46]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 21 DOT(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 357).
3 Imipramine FDA Label
4 Spironolactone FDA Label
5 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2875).
6 Spironolactone in Covid-19 Induced ARDS
7 A toxicogenomic approach to drug-induced phospholipidosis: analysis of its induction mechanism and establishment of a novel in vitro screening system. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):282-92.
8 N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes and heterologously expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Nov;31(11):1361-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.31.11.1361.
9 Invivo antioxidant status: a putative target of antidepressant action. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Mar 17;33(2):220-8.
10 Caco-2 permeability, P-glycoprotein transport ratios and brain penetration of heterocyclic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2003 Sep 16;263(1-2):113-22.
11 Variability in metabolism of imipramine and desipramine using urinary excretion data. J Anal Toxicol. 2014 Jul-Aug;38(6):368-74.
12 Reappraisal of human CYP isoforms involved in imipramine N-demethylation and 2-hydroxylation: a study using microsomes obtained from putative extensive and poor metabolizers of S-mephenytoin and eleven recombinant human CYPs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jun;281(3):1199-210.
13 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measurement of nicotine N-glucuronide: a marker for human UGT2B10 inhibition. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011 Jul 15;55(5):964-71.
14 QTc prolongation associated with combination therapy of levofloxacin, imipramine, and fluoxetine. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Mar;39(3):543-6.
15 Catalysis of drug oxidation during embryogenesis in human hepatic tissues using imipramine as a model substrate. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Nov;27(11):1306-8.
16 Inhibitory effects of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) on human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro: mechanism of drug interaction between TCAs and phenytoin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Oct;30(10):1102-7.
17 Expression and characterization of human cytochrome P450 4F11: putative role in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs and eicosanoids. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Sep 15;199(3):295-304.
18 Glutathione S-transferase pi as a target for tricyclic antidepressants in human brain. Acta Biochim Pol. 2004;51(1):207-12.
19 Effect of reversible ligands on oxime-induced reactivation of sarin- and cyclosarin-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Feb 3;232(3):557-65.
20 Antidepressant drugs activate SREBP and up-regulate cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in human glial cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Mar 13;395(3):185-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.096. Epub 2005 Dec 1.
21 Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Dec;94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
22 Use of peak decay analysis and affinity microcolumns containing silica monoliths for rapid determination of drug-protein dissociation rates. J Chromatogr A. 2011 Apr 15;1218(15):2072-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.070. Epub 2010 Oct 16.
23 Neutrophil beta(2)-adrenoceptor function in major depression: G(s) coupling, effects of imipramine and relationship to treatment outcome. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;386(2-3):135-44. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00749-9.
24 The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, and citalopram induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells via caspase-3 activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999;13(6):338-47. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1999)13:6<338::aid-jbt8>3.0.co;2-7.
25 Binding of disopyramide, methadone, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine, lignocaine and progesterone to the two main genetic variants of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: evidence for drug-binding differences between the variants and for the presence of two separate drug-binding sites on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Oct;6(5):403-15. doi: 10.1097/00008571-199610000-00004.
26 Palmitate increases the susceptibility of cells to drug-induced toxicity: an in vitro method to identify drugs with potential contraindications in patients with metabolic disease. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Oct;129(2):346-62. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs208. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
27 A Gene Expression Biomarker Predicts Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation in a Gene Expression Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jul 19;34(7):1721-1737. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00510. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
28 Establishment of a 13 genes-based molecular prediction score model to discriminate the neurotoxic potential of food relevant-chemicals. Toxicol Lett. 2022 Feb 1;355:1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.013. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
29 Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
30 Molecular identification and functional characterization of rat multidrug and toxin extrusion type transporter 1 as an organic cation/H+ antiporter in the kidney. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Nov;34(11):1868-74. doi: 10.1124/dmd.106.010876. Epub 2006 Aug 23.
31 Induction of cysteine string protein after chronic antidepressant treatment in rat frontal cortex. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Apr 6;301(3):183-6. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01638-x.
32 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
33 Receptor-dependent regulation of the CYP3A4 gene. Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181-182:199-202.
34 Examination of 209 drugs for inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;45(1):68-78.
35 Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
36 A Gene Expression Biomarker Identifies Chemical Modulators of Estrogen Receptor in an MCF-7 Microarray Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Feb 15;34(2):313-329. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00243. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
37 Effect of spironolactone on impaired fibrinolysis of hypertensive patients. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2002;25(4):260-4. doi: 10.1159/000066348.
38 Amiloride, spironolactone, and potassium chloride in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980 Apr;27(4):533-43. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1980.75.
39 Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Apr;37(5):1228-33. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01116-0.
40 Spironolactone induces apoptosis in human mononuclear cells. Association between apoptosis and cytokine suppression. Apoptosis. 2006 Apr;11(4):573-9. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-4919-3.
41 Evaluation of an imaging-based in vitro screening platform for estrogenic activity with OECD reference chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro. 2022 Jun;81:105348. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105348. Epub 2022 Mar 18.
42 Pregnane X receptor mediates the induction of P-glycoprotein by spironolactone in HepG2 cells. Toxicology. 2011 Jul 11;285(1-2):18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
43 The human mineralocorticoid receptor only partially differentiates between different ligands after expression in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Apr;5(6-7):627-33. doi: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.12.007.
44 Comparison of the Hershberger assay and androgen receptor binding assay of twelve chemicals. Toxicology. 2004 Feb 15;195(2-3):177-86. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.09.012.
45 Clinical and biochemical effects of spironolactone administered once daily in primary hypertension. Multicenter Sweden study. Hypertension. 1980 Sep-Oct;2(5):672-9. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.2.5.672.
46 Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res. 2005 Jun;46(6):1239-47. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M400511-JLR200. Epub 2005 Mar 16.