General Information of Drug (ID: DMQ95GE)

Drug Name
Phenylacetic acid Drug Info
Synonyms
.alpha.-Toluic acid; .omega.-Phenylacetic acid; 2-Phenylacetic acid; Acetic acid, phenyl-; Benzenacetic acid; Benzeneacetic acid; Benzylcarboxylic acid; Benzylformic acid; Kyselina fenyloctova; Kyselina fenyloctova [Czech]; PHENYL ACETIC ACID; PHENYL-ACETIC ACID; PHENYLACETIC ACID; Phenylacetic acid (natural); Phenylethanoic acid; Phenyllacetic acid; alpha-Toluic acid; omega-Phenylacetic acid; phenylacetate
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Hepatic encephalopathy DB99.5 Approved [1]
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency 5C50.AY Approved [2]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
999
ChEBI ID
ChEBI:30745
CAS Number
CAS 103-82-2
TTD Drug ID
DMQ95GE
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00333

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTP
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [6]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [7]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [8]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [9]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [10]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [11]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [12]
Rosiglitazone DMILWZR Chronic kidney disease GB61 Approved [13]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Fungal infection 1F29-1F2F Approved [14]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [15]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [16]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [17]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [9]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [11]
Clozapine DMFC71L Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [18]
Menadione DMSJDTY Vitamin K deficiency 5B59 Approved [19]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [15]
Spironolactone DM2AQ5N Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [16]
Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosa-hexaenoic acid DMMUCG4 Hypertriglyceridemia 5C80.1 Approved [16]
RTR-003632 DM45NHF N. A. N. A. Phase 2 [20]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Primidone DM0WX6I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [21]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [22]
Methimazole DM25FL8 Hyperthyroidism 5A02 Approved [23]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [24]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [25]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [26]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Chronic graft versus host disease Approved [27]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [28]
Aspirin DM672AH Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [29]
Gabapentin DM6T924 Complex partial seizure 8A68.0 Approved [21]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Monocarboxylate transporter 3 (SLC16A8) DT39AOM MOT3_HUMAN Substrate [3]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1) OTD0Z2XO PON1_HUMAN Biotransformations [4]
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 (PON2) OT55NCTD PON2_HUMAN Biotransformations [4]
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (PON3) OT80W9TA PON3_HUMAN Biotransformations [5]

References

1 Exposures of Phenylacetic Acid and Phenylacetylglutamine Across Different Subpopulations and Correlation with Adverse Events. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2021 Dec;60(12):1557-1567.
2 Glycerol Phenylbutyrate (Ravicti). Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2017 Apr.
3 Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of peptide, organic cation, neutral and basic amino acid, and monocarboxylate drug transporters in human ocular tissues. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):466-74.
4 Paraoxonase gene cluster variations associated with coronary heart disease in Chinese Han women. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005 Jul 20;118(14):1167-74.
5 Cloning, high level expression of human paraoxonase-3 in Sf9 cells and pharmacological characterization of its product. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 1;70(7):1019-25. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.07.004.
6 Paraoxonase enzyme protects retinal pigment epithelium from chlorpyrifos insult. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 30;9(6):e101380. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101380. eCollection 2014.
7 Selenium and vitamin E: cell type- and intervention-specific tissue effects in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):306-20.
8 Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63862.
9 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
10 Decreased macrophage paraoxonase 2 expression in patients with hypercholesterolemia is the result of their increased cellular cholesterol content: effect of atorvastatin therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Jan;24(1):175-80. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000104011.88939.06. Epub 2003 Oct 30.
11 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
12 Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Apr;236(4):2959-2975. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30055. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
13 PPARgamma controls CD1d expression by turning on retinoic acid synthesis in developing human dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2006 Oct 2;203(10):2351-62.
14 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
15 Multiple microRNAs function as self-protective modules in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in humans. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Feb;92(2):845-858.
16 Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res. 2005 Jun;46(6):1239-47. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M400511-JLR200. Epub 2005 Mar 16.
17 Temporal changes in gene expression in the skin of patients treated with isotretinoin provide insight into its mechanism of action. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 May;1(3):177-87.
18 Cannabidiol Displays Proteomic Similarities to Antipsychotics in Cuprizone-Exposed Human Oligodendrocytic Cell Line MO3.13. Front Mol Neurosci. 2021 May 28;14:673144. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.673144. eCollection 2021.
19 Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Apr;114(2):193-203. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp309. Epub 2009 Dec 31.
20 Effects of PON polymorphisms and haplotypes on molecular phenotype in Mexican-American mothers and children. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2011 Mar;52(2):105-16. doi: 10.1002/em.20567.
21 Antiepileptic drugs: impacts on human serum paraoxonase-1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017 Jun;31(6).
22 Beneficial effect of oleoylated lipids on paraoxonase 1: protection against oxidative inactivation and stabilization. Biochem J. 2003 Oct 15;375(Pt 2):275-85.
23 Serum paraoxonase activity before and after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004 Jan;60(1):75-80.
24 Effects of some antibiotics on paraoxonase from human serum in vitro and from mouse serum and liver in vivo. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Aug;29(8):1559-63.
25 Simvastatin modulates expression of the PON1 gene and increases serum paraoxonase: a role for sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Nov 1;23(11):2083-9. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000096207.01487.36. Epub 2003 Sep 18.
26 Dietary polyphenols increase paraoxonase 1 gene expression by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Jun;24(12):5209-22.
27 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
28 Transcriptional regulation of human paraoxonase 1 by PXR and GR in human hepatoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt B):348-54.
29 Induction of paraoxonase 1 and apolipoprotein A-I gene expression by aspirin. J Lipid Res. 2008 Oct;49(10):2142-8.