Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM4MDJY)

Drug Name

Fluvastatin

Synonyms

Canef; Cranoc; Fluindostatin; Fluvas; Fluvastatina; Fluvastatine; Fluvastatinum; Lescol; Lescol XL; XU 62320; Canef(TN); Fluvas (TN); Fluvastatin & Primycin; Fluvastatin (INN); Fluvastatin [INN:BAN]; Fluvastatina [INN-Spanish]; Fluvastatine [INN-French]; Fluvastatinum [INN-Latin]; Lescol (TN); Vastin (TN); XU-62320; (+)-(3R,5S)-fluvastatin; (-)-(3S,5R)-fluvastatin; (3R,5R,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3R,5R,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3R,5S)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3R,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3R,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3R,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3R,5S,6E)-rel-7-[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acid; (3S,5R,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (3S,5R,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (E,3R,5S)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (E,3S,5R)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; (Z,3R,5S)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; 7-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate; 7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Arteriosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[1]
Hypercholesterolaemia	5C80.0	Approved	[2]
Hyperlipidemia, familial combined, LPL related	N.A.	Approved	[1]
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Therapeutic Class

Anticholesteremic Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

411.5

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

3.5

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 16 mL/min/kg [4]
Elimination: 1.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3 hours [4]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the hepatic []
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 1.62099 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.0079% [4]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 0.35 L/kg []
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 50 mg/mL [3]

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

ADR Term	Variation	Related DOT	DOT ID	REF
Acute myocardial infarction	Not Available	MMP3	OTGBI74Z	[6]
Arteriosclerosis	Not Available	CES1	OT9L0LR8	[6]
Lipids abnormal	Not Available	ACE	OTDF1964	[6]
Myocardial ischaemia	Not Available	APOE	OTFOWL2H	[6]
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Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C24H26FNO4
IUPAC Name: (E,3R,5S)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F
InChI: InChI=1S/C24H26FNO4/c1-15(2)26-21-6-4-3-5-20(21)24(16-7-9-17(25)10-8-16)22(26)12-11-18(27)13-19(28)14-23(29)30/h3-12,15,18-19,27-28H,13-14H2,1-2H3,(H,29,30)/b12-11+/t18-,19-/m1/s1
InChIKey: FJLGEFLZQAZZCD-MCBHFWOFSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 446155
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:38565
CAS Number: 93957-54-1
DrugBank ID: DB01095
TTD ID: D08GHB
VARIDT ID: DR00124
INTEDE ID: DR0738
ACDINA ID: D00289

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Repurposed Drugs (RPD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)	TTPADOQ	HMDH_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[7]

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Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1)	DTPFTEQ	SO2B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)_{Main DME}	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)	OTDF1964	ACE_HUMAN	Drug Response	[6]
Apolipoprotein E (APOE)	OTFOWL2H	APOE_HUMAN	Drug Response	[6]
Liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1)	OT9L0LR8	EST1_HUMAN	Drug Response	[6]
Stromelysin-1 (MMP3)	OTGBI74Z	MMP3_HUMAN	Drug Response	[6]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Arteriosclerosis

ICD Disease Classification

BD40

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)	DTT	HMGCR	1.01E-05	0.65	1.53
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTP	P-GP	3.29E-14	-7.08E-01	-1.99E+00
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1)	DTP	OATP2B1	3.80E-01	-1.23E-02	-5.33E-02
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTP	BCRP	2.28E-08	-3.66E-01	-8.07E-01
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DTP	OATP1B3	1.65E-01	-6.07E-02	-3.77E-01
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DTP	OATP1B1	3.27E-01	-5.78E-02	-3.84E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DME	CYP2C8	1.47E-02	-1.13E-01	-1.13E+00
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DME	CYP3A5	3.65E-02	-8.90E-02	-5.58E-01
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DME	CYP2D6	5.05E-04	-1.51E-01	-8.87E-01
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DME	CYP1A1	7.09E-03	-2.38E-01	-7.72E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DME	CYP2C9	2.63E-03	-1.18E-01	-3.80E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	3.24E-05	-3.48E-01	-1.34E+00

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

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Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Fluvastatin

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Disease	REF
Bempedoic acid	DM1CI9R	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Bempedoic acid.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[18]
Mipomersen	DMGSRN1	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Mipomersen.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[19]
Teriflunomide	DMQ2FKJ	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Teriflunomide.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[20]
BMS-201038	DMQTAGO	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and BMS-201038.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[21]
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Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Fluvastatin (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Remdesivir	DMBFZ6L	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Remdesivir.	1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019]	[22]
Midostaurin	DMI6E0R	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Midostaurin.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[23]
Arn-509	DMT81LZ	Moderate	Accelerated clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter induction by Arn-509.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[23]
Bedaquiline	DM3906J	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Bedaquiline.	Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52]	[24]
Ag-221	DMS0ZBI	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Ag-221.	BCR-ABL1-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia [2A41]	[22]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Pexidartinib.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[25]
Alpelisib	DMEXMYK	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Alpelisib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[26]
Lumacaftor	DMCLWDJ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Lumacaftor mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Cystic fibrosis [CA25]	[27]
Ivacaftor	DMZC1HS	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Ivacaftor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cystic fibrosis [CA25]	[22]
MK-8228	DMOB58Q	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by MK-8228.	Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82]	[28]
Stiripentol	DMMSDOY	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[22]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Cannabidiol.	Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62]	[23]
GS-9857	DMYU6P5	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by GS-9857.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[29]
Rifapentine	DMCHV4I	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14]	[30]
Brentuximab vedotin	DMWLC57	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Brentuximab vedotin.	Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30]	[31]
Fostemsavir	DM50ILT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Fostemsavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[32]
Cobicistat	DM6L4H2	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Cobicistat.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[22]
Etravirine	DMGV8QU	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Etravirine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[22]
Ceritinib	DMB920Z	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Ceritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[23]
PF-06463922	DMKM7EW	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[22]
Calaspargase pegol	DMQZBXI	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Calaspargase pegol.	Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33]	[33]
Idelalisib	DM602WT	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Idelalisib.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[34]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Vemurafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[22]
Dabrafenib	DMX6OE3	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[22]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[22]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[35]
Lefamulin	DME6G97	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pneumonia [CA40]	[36]
ABIRATERONE	DM8V75C	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by ABIRATERONE mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[22]
Enzalutamide	DMGL19D	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[37]
Darolutamide	DMV7YFT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Darolutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[23]
Leflunomide	DMR8ONJ	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Fluvastatin and Leflunomide.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[20]
Larotrectinib	DM26CQR	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Fluvastatin caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[22]
Fostamatinib	DM6AUHV	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Fluvastatin due to the transporter inhibition by Fostamatinib.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[38]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 33 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Benzyl alcohol	E00010	244	Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Butylparaben	E00142	7184	Antimicrobial preservative
Calcium carbonate	E00198	10112	Binding agent; Buffering agent; Diluent; Opacifying agent
methylparaben	E00149	7456	Antimicrobial preservative
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate	E00141	7175	Antimicrobial preservative
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Ammonia	E00007	222	Alkalizing agent
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium	E00621	Not Available	Adsorbent; Binding agent; Disintegrant; Emulsifying agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Crospovidone	E00626	Not Available	Disintegrant
Edetate calcium disodium	E00487	6093170	Complexing agent
Eisenoxyd	E00585	56841934	Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	E00539	23320441	Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide	E00231	14789	Colorant
Hydroxypropyl cellulose	E00632	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Emulsifying agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent; Modified-release agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Hypromellose	E00634	Not Available	Coating agent
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 3350	E00652	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 4000	E00654	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyvinyl alcohol	E00666	Not Available	Coating agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent
Potassium bicarbonate	E00425	516893	Alkalizing agent
Potassium hydroxide	E00233	14797	Alkalizing agent
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sodium bicarbonate	E00424	516892	Alkalizing agent; Diluent
Sodium propionate	E00445	2723816	Antimicrobial preservative
Soybean lecithin	E00637	Not Available	Other agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Colcothar yellow	E00436	518696	Colorant
Cellulose microcrystalline	E00698	Not Available	Adsorbent; Suspending agent; Diluent
Hydroxyethyl cellulose	E00700	Not Available	Coating agent; Suspending agent; Binding agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
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⏷ Show the Full List of 33 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Fluvastatin 20 mg capsule	20 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Fluvastatin 40 mg capsule	40 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Fluvastatin Sodium eq 80mg base extended release tablet	eq 80mg base	Extended Release Tablet	Oral
Fluvastatin 80 mg tablet	80 mg	24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	Fluvastatin FDA Label
2	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2951).
3	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
5	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
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8	Substrate-dependent drug-drug interactions between gemfibrozil, fluvastatin and other organic anion-transporting peptide (OATP) substrates on OATP1B1, OATP2B1, and OATP1B3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Aug;35(8):1308-14.
9	Evaluation of the usefulness of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) knockout mice and BCRP inhibitor-treated monkeys to estimate the clinical impact of BCRP modulation on the pharmacokinetics of BCRP substrates. Pharm Res. 2015 May;32(5):1634-47.
10	SLCO1B1 polymorphism and sex affect the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin but not fluvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Oct;80(4):356-66.
11	A novel screening strategy to identify ABCB1 substrates and inhibitors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;379(1):11-26.
12	Effects of fluvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of eepaglinide: possible role of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibition by fluvastatin. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Jun;17(3):245-51.
13	Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2001;40(4):263-81.
14	Limitations of S-warfarin truncated area under the concentration-time curve to predict cytochrome P450 2c9 activity. Drug Metab Lett. 2012 Jun 1;6(2):94-101.
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17	Comparison of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 2C8. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Aug;97(2):104-8.
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26	Product Information. Piqray (alpelisib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
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28	Product Information. Prevymis (letermovir). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
29	Product Information. Vosevi (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
30	Product Information. Priftin (rifapentine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
31	Product Information. Accolate (zafirlukast). Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
32	Product Information. Rukobia (fostemsavir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
33	Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
34	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
35	Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
36	Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
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38	Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.