Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMX4GND)

Drug Name

Meperidine Drug Info

Synonyms

Demarol; Demerol; Dolcontral; Dolosal; Dolsin; Isonipecain; Isonipecaine; Lidol; Lydol; Meperidol; Nemerol; Pethanol; Pethidin; Pethidine; Pethidineter; Pethidinum; Petidina; Petydyna; Phetidine; Piperosal; Pipersal; Meperidine solution; Methyl phenylpiperidine carbonic acid ethyl ester; Operidine EPJ I; Pethidine DBL; Petydyna [Polish]; Demerol (TN); Operidine EPJ-I; Pethidine (INN); Pethidine DBL (TN); Pethidinum [INN-Latin]; Petidina [INN-Spanish]; Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylisonipecotate; Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate; N-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-carbethoxypiperidine; Isonipecotic acid, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-, ethyl ester; YIsonipecotic acid, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-, ethyl ester (8CI); 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-piperidin-4-carbon-saeure-aethylester; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-piperidin-4-carbon-saeure-aethylester [German]; 1-Methyl-4-phenylisonipecotic acid, ethyl ester;1-Methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 4-Carbethoxy-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine; 4-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-, ethyl ester

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[1]

Therapeutic Class

Anesthetics

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 4058
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:6754
CAS Number: CAS 57-42-1
TTD Drug ID: DMX4GND
VARIDT Drug ID: DR00016
INTEDE Drug ID: DR1024
ACDINA Drug ID: D00397

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule Type:

DTT

DTP

DME

Drug Status:

Approved Drug(s)

Download the Complete Related Drug List

Drug(s) Targeting Adrenergic receptor Alpha-2 (ADRA2)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Clonidine	DM6RZ9Q	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	6A05.Z	Approved	[8]
Lofexidine	DM1WXA6	Heroin and opiate withdrawal	6C43	Approved	[9]
Sodium chloride	DMM3950	Skin burns	ME65.0	Approved	[8]
Guanfacine extended release	DMB1CZ8	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	6A05.Z	Approved	[10]
Dexmedetomidine	DM93L4X	Irritability	MB24	Approved	[11]
Yohimbine	DMJCP1Y	Erectile dysfunction	HA01.1	Approved	[12]
Guanabenz	DM5QWEL	High blood pressure	BA00	Approved	[13]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Spasm	MB47.3	Approved	[14]
Oxymetazoline	DM8ZXT6	Arrhythmia	BC9Z	Approved	[15]
Brimonidine	DMQLT4N	Ocular hypertension	9C61.01	Approved	[16]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Drug(s) Transported By P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Amoxicillin	DMUYNEI	Acute otitis media	AB00	Approved	[17]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[18]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Anterior urethra cancer		Approved	[19]
Folic Acid	DMEMBJC	Colorectal carcinoma		Approved	[20]
Fluorouracil	DMUM7HZ	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[19]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[19]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[21]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[19]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[22]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[23]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[24]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[25]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[26]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[27]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[28]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[29]
Etoposide	DMNH3PG	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[30]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[31]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[25]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[32]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[33]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[34]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[35]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[28]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[32]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[36]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[37]
Dopamine	DMPGUCF	Acromegaly	5A60.0	Approved	[38]
Nicotine	DMWX5CO	Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[39]
Propranolol	DM79NTF	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[40]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[41]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[42]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[43]
Estrone	DM5T6US	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[44]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[7]
Irinotecan	DMP6SC2	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[45]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[46]
Nicotine	DMWX5CO	Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[47]
Phenytoin	DMNOKBV	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[48]
Amitriptyline	DMK7F9S	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[49]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Drug(s) Metabolized By Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Amoxicillin	DMUYNEI	Acute otitis media	AB00	Approved	[50]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[51]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[52]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[53]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[42]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[54]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[55]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[56]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[57]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[58]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Download the Complete Interaction Atlas for Visualization in Cytoscape

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Adrenergic receptor Alpha-2 (ADRA2)	TTQ8AFT	NOUNIPROTAC	Agonist	[2]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[3]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[4]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	DEPKLMQ	CP2B6_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1	Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
2	Meperidine, remifentanil and tramadol but not sufentanil interact with alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in alpha(2A)-, alpha(2B)- and alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor ... Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Mar 17;582(1-3):70-7.
3	Opioids and efflux transporters. Part 3: P-glycoprotein substrate activity of 3-hydroxyl addition to meperidine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jun 15;18(12):3638-40.
4	Is meperidine the drug that just won't die? J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jul;16(3):167-9.
5	CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19 are responsible for the in vitro N-demethylation of meperidine in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Sep;32(9):930-6.
6	Impact of cytochrome P450 variation on meperidine N-demethylation to the neurotoxic metabolite normeperidine. Xenobiotica. 2020 Feb;50(2):209-222.
7	Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425.
8	Noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonists reverse working memory deficits induced by the anxiogenic drug, FG7142, in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Nov;67(3):397-403.
9	Clinical pharmacokinetics of lofexidine, the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, in opiate addicts plasma using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Am J DrugAlcohol Abuse. 2008;34(5):611-6.
10	Emerging drugs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Sep;12(3):423-34.
11	Dexmedetomidine in intensive care unit: a study of hemodynamic changes. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2002 Oct;16(6):587-95.
12	Acute neurotoxicity after yohimbine ingestion by a body builder. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Sep;47(8):827-9.
13	Centrally acting sympathetic inhibitors for therapy of patients with hypertension. Nippon Rinsho. 1997 Aug;55(8):2081-5.
14	Tizanidine. A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorders. Drugs. 1997 Mar;53(3):435-52.
15	Potent alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction by brimonidine in porcine ciliary arteries. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Aug;42(9):2049-55.
16	Increased alpha2-adrenergic constriction of isolated arterioles in diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Aug;43(8):1886-90.
17	Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
18	MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8.
19	Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
20	Folate transporter expression decreases in the human placenta throughout pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012 Apr;2(2):123-31.
21	Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8.
22	Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92.
23	Association of genetic polymorphisms in the influx transporter SLCO1B3 and the efflux transporter ABCB1 with imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr;33(2):244-50.
24	Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
25	Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
26	Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
27	Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
28	Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
29	Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
30	Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
31	The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
32	Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
33	Inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on dextromethorphan-O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1993;32(6):491-5.
34	Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Oct 22;129(1-2):117-23.
35	CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 Jan;12(1):7-15.
36	Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6: structure-activity studies using a series of quinidine and quinine analogues. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Apr;16(4):450-9.
37	Effects of propofol on human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1998 Sep;28(9):845-53.
38	Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Spring;97(1):98-106.
39	Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):65-70.
40	Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82.
41	Effect of tamoxifen on the enzymatic activity of human cytochrome CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jun;301(3):945-52.
42	Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
43	Hepatic metabolism of diclofenac: role of human CYP in the minor oxidative pathways. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):787-96.
44	Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
45	Drugs that may have potential CYP2B6 interactions.
46	Involvement of human cytochrome P450 2B6 in the omega- and 4-hydroxylation of the anesthetic agent propofol. Xenobiotica. 2007 Jul;37(7):717-24.
47	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone metabolism by cytochrome P450 2B6. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Dec;33(12):1760-4.
48	PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Jun;22(6):466-70.
49	Application of the relative activity factor approach in scaling from heterologously expressed cytochromes p450 to human liver microsomes: studies on amitriptyline as a model substrate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):326-37.
50	High-dose rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy as the second-line regimen after failure to eradicate H. pylori by triple therapy with the usual doses of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(54):2274-8.
51	Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
52	Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Mar 13;25(11):1679-91.
53	CYP2C19*17 is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(2):391-6.
54	Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;353(1):116-21.
55	Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
56	A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
57	Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33.
58	Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.