Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM8MNVO)

Drug Name

Tolcapone

Synonyms

Tasmar; Roche brand of tolcapone; Ro 40-7592; Tasmar (TN); Tolcapone [USAN:INN]; Ro-40-7592; Tolcapone (JAN/USAN/INN); Methanone,(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(4-methylphenyl); (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(4-methylphenyl)methanone; (3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-(4-methylphenyl)methanone; 3,4-Dihydroxy-4'-methyl-5-nitrobenzophenone; 3,4-dihydroxy-5'-methyl-5-nitrobenzophenone

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Approved	[1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Therapeutic Class

Antiparkinson Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

273.24

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

3.3

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [2]
Bioavailability: The bioavailability of drug is 65% []
Clearance: The clearance of drug is 7 L/h []
Elimination: 0.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [2]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2 - 3.5 hours [3]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the glucuronidation []
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 12.2 micromolar/kg/day [4]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.0012% [3]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 9 L []

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C14H11NO5
IUPAC Name: (3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-(4-methylphenyl)methanone
Canonical SMILES: CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)[N+](=O)[O-]
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H11NO5/c1-8-2-4-9(5-3-8)13(17)10-6-11(15(19)20)14(18)12(16)7-10/h2-7,16,18H,1H3
InChIKey: MIQPIUSUKVNLNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 4659569
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:63630
CAS Number: 134308-13-7
DrugBank ID: DB00323
TTD ID: D0Y7PG
ACDINA ID: D00686

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT)	TTKWFB8	COMT_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[6]
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB)	OTH0UOCZ	APOB_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[7]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)	OTPWKTQG	COMT_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]
Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11)	OTKJ6PXW	XCT_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[6]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[10]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[10]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Drug Response	[11]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[6]
Interleukin-24 (IL24)	OT4VUWH1	IL24_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[6]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Parkinson disease

ICD Disease Classification

8A00.0

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT)	DTT	COMT	9.24E-02	0.17	1.09

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Tolcapone

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Disease	REF
Levodopa	DMN3E57	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Levodopa mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[12]
Dopamine	DMPGUCF	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Dopamine mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[13]
-----------

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Tolcapone (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Remdesivir	DMBFZ6L	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Remdesivir.	1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019]	[14]
Thioguanine	DM7NKEV	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Thioguanine.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[15]
Epinephrine	DM3KJBC	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Epinephrine mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Allergic/hypersensitivity disorder [4A80-4A8Z]	[13]
Memantine	DMD9WSC	Minor	Additive dopaminergic effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Memantine.	Alzheimer disease [8A20]	[16]
Promazine	DMZAL7W	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Promazine.	Appearance/behaviour symptom [MB23]	[17]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Pexidartinib.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[18]
Anisindione	DM2C48U	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Anisindione mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Coagulation defect [3B10]	[19]
Isoproterenol	DMK7MEY	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Isoproterenol mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Conduction disorder [BC63]	[13]
Olopatadine	DMKMWQG	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Olopatadine.	Conjunctiva disorder [9A60]	[20]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Ethanol.	Cystitis [GC00]	[20]
OPC-34712	DMHG57U	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with OPC-34712.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[17]
Amoxapine	DMKITQE	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Amoxapine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[17]
Esketamine	DMVU687	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Esketamine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[14]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Cannabidiol.	Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62]	[16]
Brimonidine	DMQLT4N	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Brimonidine.	Glaucoma [9C61]	[21]
Dobutamine	DMD1B8Z	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Dobutamine mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z]	[13]
Brentuximab vedotin	DMWLC57	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Brentuximab vedotin.	Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30]	[22]
Efavirenz	DMC0GSJ	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Efavirenz.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[23]
Mipomersen	DMGSRN1	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Mipomersen.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[24]
Teriflunomide	DMQ2FKJ	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Teriflunomide.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[25]
BMS-201038	DMQTAGO	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and BMS-201038.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[26]
Methyldopa	DM5I621	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Methyldopa mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[13]
Propiomazine	DMKY8V1	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Propiomazine.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[17]
ITI-007	DMUQ1DO	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with ITI-007.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[17]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Methotrexate.	Leukaemia [2A60-2B33]	[16]
Calaspargase pegol	DMQZBXI	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Calaspargase pegol.	Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33]	[27]
Idelalisib	DM602WT	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Idelalisib.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[28]
Clofarabine	DMCVJ86	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Clofarabine.	Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85]	[29]
Allopregnanolone	DMNLHAC	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Allopregnanolone.	Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z]	[30]
Lasmiditan	DMXLVDT	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Lasmiditan.	Migraine [8A80]	[31]
Flibanserin	DM70DTN	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Flibanserin.	Mood disorder [6A60-6E23]	[32]
Droperidol	DM0DXA8	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Droperidol.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[17]
Prochlorperazine	DM53SRA	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Prochlorperazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[17]
Promethazine	DM6I5GR	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Promethazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[17]
Metoclopramide	DMFA5MY	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Metoclopramide.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[17]
Thiethylperazine	DMU3IET	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Thiethylperazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[17]
Apraclonidine	DMO4PVE	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Apraclonidine.	Optic nerve disorder [9C40]	[21]
Dextropropoxyphene	DM23HCX	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Dextropropoxyphene.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[33]
Levomepromazine	DMIKFEL	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Levomepromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[17]
Fluphenazine	DMIT8LX	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Fluphenazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[17]
Triflupromazine	DMKFQJP	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Triflupromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[17]
Leflunomide	DMR8ONJ	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Leflunomide.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[25]
Mesoridazine	DM2ZGAN	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Mesoridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Aripiprazole	DM3NUMH	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Aripiprazole.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Iloperidone	DM6AUFY	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Iloperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Paliperidone	DM7NPJS	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Paliperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Loxapine	DM8AI9U	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Loxapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Haloperidol	DM96SE0	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Haloperidol.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Molindone	DMAH70G	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Molindone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Chlorpromazine	DMBGZI3	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Chlorpromazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Thiothixene	DMDINC4	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Thiothixene.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Clozapine	DMFC71L	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Clozapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Trifluoperazine	DMKBYWI	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Trifluoperazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Risperidone	DMN6DXL	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Risperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Olanzapine	DMPFN6Y	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Olanzapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Amisulpride	DMSJVAM	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Amisulpride.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Asenapine	DMSQZE2	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Asenapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Pimozide	DMW83TP	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Pimozide.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Norepinephrine	DMOUC09	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Norepinephrine mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Sepsis [1G40-1G41]	[13]
Trabectedin	DMG3Y89	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Trabectedin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[16]
Epirubicin	DMPDW6T	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Epirubicin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[14]
Naltrexone	DMUL45H	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Tolcapone and Naltrexone.	Substance abuse [6C40]	[34]
Warfarin	DMJYCVW	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Tolcapone caused by Warfarin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC81]	[19]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Tizanidine.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[35]
Methdilazine	DMAUHQX	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Methdilazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[17]
Trimeprazine	DMEMV9D	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tolcapone when combined with Trimeprazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[36]
Cetirizine	DMOMP9U	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Tolcapone and Cetirizine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[37]
-----------


⏷ Show the Full List of 67 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Calcium hydrogenphosphate	E00294	24441	Diluent
Eisenoxyd	E00585	56841934	Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	E00539	23320441	Colorant
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Polyvinyl alcohol	E00666	Not Available	Coating agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin	E00080	5541	Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Vinylpyrrolidone	E00668	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
--------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 11 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Tolcapone 200 mg tablet	200 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral
Tolcapone 100 mg tablet	100 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6646).
2	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
3	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
4	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
5	Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors in the management of Parkinson's disease. Semin Neurol. 2001;21(1):15-22.
6	An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
7	Effect of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors Tolcapone and Entacapone on Fatty Acid Metabolism in HepaRG Cells. Toxicol Sci. 2018 Aug 1;164(2):477-488.
8	Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
9	Tolcapone increases plasma catecholamine levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2001 Apr;7(2):93-96. doi: 10.1016/s1353-8020(00)00027-4.
10	Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
11	Development of a highly sensitive cytotoxicity assay system for CYP3A4-mediated metabolic activation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Aug;39(8):1388-95. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.037077. Epub 2011 May 3.
12	Dingemanse J, Jorga K, Zurcher G, Schmitt M, Sedek G, Da Prada M, Van Brummelen P "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interaction between the COMT inhibitor tolcapone and single-dose levodopa." Br J Clin Pharmacol 40 (1995): 253-62. [PMID: 8527287]
13	Illi A, Sundberg S, Ojala-Karlsson P, Korhonen P, Scheinin M, Gordin A "The effect of entacapone on the disposition and hemodynamic effects of intravenous isoproterenol and epinephrine." Clin Pharmacol Ther 58 (1995): 221-7. [PMID: 7648772]
14	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
15	Product Information. Aubagio (teriflunomide). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
16	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
17	Mims RB, Scott CL, Modebe O, Bethune JE "Inhibition of L-dopa-induced growth hormone stimulation by pyridoxine and chlorpromazine." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40 (1975): 256-9. [PMID: 1117978]
18	Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
19	Product Information. Tasmar (tolcapone). Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA.
20	Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
21	Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
22	Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
23	Elsharkawy AM, Schwab U, McCarron B, et al. "Efavirenz induced acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation in a slow drug metaboliser." J Clin Virol 58 (2013): 331-3. [PMID: 23763943]
24	Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
25	Canadian Pharmacists Association.
26	Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
27	Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
28	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
29	Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
30	Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
31	Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
32	Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
33	Hansen BS, Dam M, Brandt J, et al "Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man." Acta Neurol Scand 61 (1980): 357-67. [PMID: 6998251]
34	Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
35	Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
36	Product Information. Norprolac (quinagolide). Ferring Inc, North York, IA.
37	Product Information. Zyrtec (cetirizine). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.