Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMD2NV7)

Drug Name

Pindolol

Synonyms

Betapindol; Blocklin; Calvisken; Carvisken; Decreten; Durapindol; Pectobloc; Pinbetol; Pindololum; Prindolol; Prinodolol; Pynastin; Visken; Blockin L; Blocklin L; LB 46; LB46; P 0778; Betapindol (TN); Blockin L (TN); Blocklin L (TN); Blocklin-L; Calvisken (TN); Cardilate (TN); Carvisken (TN); DL-LB 46; DL-Pindolol; Decreten (TN); Durapindol (TN); Glauco-Viskin; Glauco-visken; LB-46; P-6820; Pectobloc (TN); Pinbetol (TN); Pindololum [INN-Latin]; Prindolol (TN); Pynastin (TN); Visken (TN); Blocklin-L (TN); Glauco-Visken (TN); Pindolol (JP15/USP/INN); Pindolol [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; DL-4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy]indole; (+-)-Pindolol; (1)-1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol; 1-((1-Methylethyl)amino)-3-(4-indolyloxy)-2-propanol; 1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-((1-methylethyl)amino)-2-propanol; 1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol; 1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-2-propanol; 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol; 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)-propan-2-ol; 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol; 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propan-2-ol; 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol; 1-(Indol-4-yloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol; 4-(2-Hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-indole; 4-(3-(Isopropylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)indole

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[1]
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Therapeutic Class

Antihypertensive Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

248.32

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

1.8

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

Absorption Cmax: The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 33.1? +/- 5.2 mcg/L [2]
Absorption Tmax: The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 1-2 h [2]
BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Bioavailability: The bioavailability of drug is 87-92% [2]
Clearance: The sytemic clearance of drug is 400-500 mL/min [2]
Elimination: 80% of an oral dose is eliminated in the urine, with 25-40% of the dose as the unchanged parent compound [2]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3 - 4 hours [2]
Metabolism: The drug is not metabolised [2]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 4.02694 micromolar/kg/day [4]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.58% [5]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 2-3 L/kg [6]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 7.9 mg/mL [3]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C14H20N2O2
IUPAC Name: 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)NCC(COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H20N2O2/c1-10(2)16-8-11(17)9-18-14-5-3-4-13-12(14)6-7-15-13/h3-7,10-11,15-17H,8-9H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 4828
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:8214
CAS Number: 13523-86-9
DrugBank ID: DB00960
TTD ID: D0F2PO
VARIDT ID: DR00610
ACDINA ID: D00533

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1)	TTR6W5O	ADRB1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[7]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[8]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[9]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Pindolol

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Disease	REF
Trichlormethiazide	DMHAQCO	Moderate	Increased risk of hyperglycemia by the combination of Pindolol and Trichlormethiazide.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[10]
Felodipine	DMOSW35	Moderate	Increased risk of cardiac depression by the combination of Pindolol and Felodipine.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[11]
Hydrochlorothiazide	DMUSZHD	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Pindolol and Hydrochlorothiazide.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[10]
Clevidipine butyrate	DMW4M97	Moderate	Increased risk of cardiac depression by the combination of Pindolol and Clevidipine butyrate.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[11]
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Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Pindolol (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Bepridil	DM0RKS4	Moderate	Increased risk of cardiac depression by the combination of Pindolol and Bepridil.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[11]
Dronedarone	DMA8FS5	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Dronedarone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[12]
Nifedipine	DMSVOZT	Moderate	Increased risk of cardiac depression by the combination of Pindolol and Nifedipine.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[11]
Cariprazine	DMJYDVK	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Cariprazine.	Bipolar disorder [6A60]	[13]
Atracurium	DM42HXN	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Atracurium.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[14]
Mivacurium	DM473VD	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Mivacurium.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[14]
Pancuronium	DMB0VY8	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Pancuronium.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[14]
Tubocurarine	DMBZIVP	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Tubocurarine.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[14]
Pasireotide	DMHM7JS	Moderate	Increased risk of atrioventricular block by the combination of Pindolol and Pasireotide.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[15]
OPC-34712	DMHG57U	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and OPC-34712.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[13]
Mepenzolate	DM8YU2F	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pindolol when combined with Mepenzolate.	Digestive system disease [DE2Z]	[16]
Oxybutynine	DMJPBAX	Moderate	Altered absorption of Pindolol due to GI dynamics variation caused by Oxybutynine.	Discovery agent [N.A.]	[16]
Mirabegron	DMS1GYT	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Mirabegron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Functional bladder disorder [GC50]	[17]
Tolterodine	DMSHPW8	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pindolol when combined with Tolterodine.	Functional bladder disorder [GC50]	[16]
Cobicistat	DM6L4H2	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Cobicistat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[18]
Belladonna	DM2RBWK	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pindolol when combined with Belladonna.	Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40]	[16]
ITI-007	DMUQ1DO	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and ITI-007.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[13]
Glycerol phenylbutyrate	DMDGRQO	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Glycerol phenylbutyrate mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Liver disease [DB90-DB9Z]	[16]
Lumefantrine	DM29GAD	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Lumefantrine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[19]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Vemurafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[20]
Lanthanum carbonate	DMMJQSH	Moderate	Decreased absorption of Pindolol due to formation of complexes caused by Lanthanum carbonate.	Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64]	[15]
Thalidomide	DM70BU5	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Pindolol and Thalidomide.	Multiple myeloma [2A83]	[19]
Siponimod	DM2R86O	Major	Increased risk of atrioventricular block by the combination of Pindolol and Siponimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[19]
Fingolimod	DM5JVAN	Major	Increased risk of atrioventricular block by the combination of Pindolol and Fingolimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[21]
Ozanimod	DMT6AM2	Moderate	Increased risk of bradycardia by the combination of Pindolol and Ozanimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[22]
Nilotinib	DM7HXWT	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Nilotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[23]
Promethazine	DM6I5GR	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Promethazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[13]
Bupropion	DM5PCS7	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Bupropion mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Nicotine use disorder [6C4A]	[24]
Lorcaserin	DMG6OYJ	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by Lorcaserin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Obesity [5B80-5B81]	[25]
Polythiazide	DMCH80F	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Pindolol and Polythiazide.	Oedema [MG29]	[10]
Methylscopolamine	DM5VWOB	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Pindolol when combined with Methylscopolamine.	Peptic ulcer [DA61]	[16]
ABIRATERONE	DM8V75C	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Pindolol caused by ABIRATERONE mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[26]
Terazosin	DM3JCVS	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Terazosin.	Prostate hyperplasia [GA90]	[27]
Silodosin	DMJSBT6	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Silodosin.	Prostate hyperplasia [GA90]	[27]
Levomepromazine	DMIKFEL	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Levomepromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[13]
Quetiapine	DM1N62C	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Quetiapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Aripiprazole	DM3NUMH	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Aripiprazole.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Iloperidone	DM6AUFY	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Iloperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Paliperidone	DM7NPJS	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Paliperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Molindone	DMAH70G	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Molindone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Thiothixene	DMDINC4	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Thiothixene.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Amisulpride	DMSJVAM	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Pindolol and Amisulpride.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[16]
Asenapine	DMSQZE2	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Asenapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[13]
Pipecuronium	DM5F84A	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Pipecuronium.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[14]
Doxacurium	DMKE7L9	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Doxacurium.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[14]
Vecuronium	DMP0UK2	Moderate	Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Pindolol and Vecuronium.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[14]
Trimeprazine	DMEMV9D	Moderate	Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Pindolol and Trimeprazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[28]
Amiodarone	DMUTEX3	Moderate	Increased risk of bradycardia by the combination of Pindolol and Amiodarone.	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71]	[29]
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Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Beta-D-lactose	E00099	6134	Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Carmellose sodium	E00625	Not Available	Disintegrant
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
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⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Pindolol 10 mg tablet	10 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral
Pindolol 5 mg tablet	5 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 91).
2	Health Canada Approved Drug Products: Apo-Pindolol (Pindolol) Oral Tablet
3	BDDCS predictions, self-correcting aspects of BDDCS assignments, BDDCS assignment corrections, and classification for more than 175 additional drugs
4	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
5	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6	Dailymed: Pindolol Oral Tablet
7	Are we misunderstanding beta-blockers. Int J Cardiol. 2007 Aug 9;120(1):10-27.
8	Effects of chronic pindolol treatment on human myocardial beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor function. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1990 Oct;342(4):429-35. doi: 10.1007/BF00169460.
9	Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs, hypertension and plasma renin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1975 Apr;2(2):159-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb01571.x.
10	Dean S, Kendall MJ, Potter S, Thompson MH, Jackson DA "Nadolol in combination with indapamide and xipamide in resistant hypertensives." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 28 (1985): 29-33. [PMID: 3987783]
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18	Product Information. Stribild (cobicistat/elvitegravir/emtricitabine/tenofov). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
19	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
20	Product Information. Zelboraf (vemurafenib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
21	Product Information. Gilenya (fingolimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
22	Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
23	Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
24	Dufresne RL, Weber SS, Becker RE "Bupropion hydrochloride." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 18 (1984): 957-64. [PMID: 6439541]
25	Product Information. Belviq (lorcaserin). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
26	Product Information. Zytiga (abiraterone). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
27	Chrysant SG "Experience with terazosin administered in combination with other antihypertensive agents." Am J Med 80 (1986): 55-61. [PMID: 2872808]
28	Product Information. Clozaril (clozapine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
29	Leor J, Levartowsky D, Sharon C, Farfel Z "Amiodarone and beta-adrenergic blockers: an interaction with metoprolol but not with atenolol." Am Heart J 16 (1988): 206-7. [PMID: 3394625]