Details of the Drug Transporter (DTP)

General Information of Drug Transporter (DTP) (ID: DTVP67E)

• DTP Name: Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)
• Gene Name: SLC22A8
• UniProt ID: Q8TCC7 (S22A8_HUMAN)
• VARIDT ID: DTD0025
• Synonyms: OAT3; SLC22A8; Solute carrier family 22 member 8; hOAT3
• DTP Family:
  Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)
  Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) Family
• Tissue Specificity: Expressed in kidney.
• Sequence:
  MTFSEILDRVGSMGHFQFLHVAILGLPILNMANHNLLQIFTAATPVHHCRPPHNASTGPW
  VLPMGPNGKPERCLRFVHPPNASLPNDTQRAMEPCLDGWVYNSTKDSIVTEWDLVCNSNK
  LKEMAQSIFMAGILIGGLVLGDLSDRFGRRPILTCSYLLLAASGSGAAFSPTFPIYMVFR
  FLCGFGISGITLSTVILNVEWVPTRMRAIMSTALGYCYTFGQFILPGLAYAIPQWRWLQL
  TVSIPFFVFFLSSWWTPESIRWLVLSGKSSKALKILRRVAVFNGKKEEGERLSLEELKLN
  LQKEISLAKAKYTASDLFRIPMLRRMTFCLSLAWFATGFAYYSLAMGVEEFGVNLYILQI
  IFGGVDVPAKFITILSLSYLGRHTTQAAALLLAGGAILALTFVPLDLQTVRTVLAVFGKG
  CLSSSFSCLFLYTSELYPTVIRQTGMGVSNLWTRVGSMVSPLVKITGEVQPFIPNIIYGI
  TALLGGSAALFLPETLNQPLPETIEDLENWSLRAKKPKQEPEVEKASQRIPLQPHGPGLG
  SS
• Function: This transporter may mediates the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA).
• Endogenous Substrate(s): Steviol glucuronide
• TCDB ID: 2.A.1.19.34
• Gene ID: 9376
• Reactome Pathway: Organic anion transport (R-HSA-561048)

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DTP

38 Approved Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Aciclovir	DMYLOVR	Virus infection	1A24-1D9Z	Approved	[5]
Adefovir	DMM278X	Hepatitis B virus infection	1E51.0	Approved	[6]
Allopurinol	DMLPAOB	Hyperuricaemia	5C55.Y	Approved	[7]
Bumetanide	DMRV7H0	Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[8]
Cefaclor	DMJXDGC	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[9]
Cefazolin	DMPDYFR	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[10]
Cefdinir	DMJ7A0H	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[9]
Cefotiam	DMF5HU6	Respiratory tract infection	CA45	Approved	[11]
Ceftizoxime	DM3VOGS	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[9]
Chlorothiazide	DMLHESP	Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[12]
Cidofovir	DMA13GD	Cytomegalovirus infection	1D82	Approved	[13]
Cilostazol	DMZMSCT	Intermittent claudication	BD40.00	Approved	[14]
Cimetidine	DMH61ZB	Acid-reflux disorder	DA22	Approved	[15]
Ciprofloxacin XR	DM2NLS9	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[16]
Dinoprostone	DMTYOPD	Medical abortion	JA00.1Z	Approved	[17]
Estrone sulfate	DMVBIZL	Menopausal and postmenopausal disorder	GA30	Approved	[18]
Famotidine	DMRL3AB	Peptic ulcer	DA61	Approved	[19]
Furosemide	DMMQ8ZG	Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[8]
Ganciclovir	DM1MBYQ	Virus infection	1A24-1D9Z	Approved	[6]
L-tryptophan	DMIBH7M	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[20]
MCI-186	DM8ZHP1	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	8B60.0	Approved	[21]
Mercaptopurine	DMTM2IK	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[22]
Methotrexate	DM2TEOL	leukaemia	2A60-2B33	Approved	[23]
Olmesartan medoxomil	DMWBHRY	High blood pressure	BA00	Approved	[24]
Oseltamivir	DMGO72P	Influenza virus infection	1E30-1E32	Approved	[6]
Pitavastatin calcium	DM1UJO0	Dyslipidemia	5C80-5C81	Approved	[25]
Prasterone	DM67VKL	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[26]
Pravastatin	DM6A0X7	Hypercholesterolaemia	5C80.0	Approved	[27]
Ranitidine	DM0GUSX	Peptic ulcer	DA61	Approved	[19]
Rosuvastatin	DMMIQ7G	Hypercholesterolaemia	5C80.0	Approved	[28]
Saxagliptin	DMGXENV	Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[29]
Sitagliptin	DMGDKXN	Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[15]
Tenofovir	DM1IS6U	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[30]
Tetracycline	DMZA017	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[31]
Trichlormethiazide	DMHAQCO	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[27]
Valaciclovir	DMHKS94	Virus infection	1A24-1D9Z	Approved	[32]
Valsartan	DMREUQ6	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[27]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[32]

3 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Benzylpenicillin	DMS9503	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 3	[27]
Dimesna	DMU4T9Y	Diabetic nephropathy	GB61.Z	Phase 3	[33]
PGF2alpha	DM4XAU7	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Clinical trial	[17]

1 Discontinued Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cephaloridine	DM4Y95F	Gram-positive bacterial infection	1B74-1G40	Withdrawn from market	[9]

4 Investigative Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
3R14S-OCHRATOXIN A	DM2KEW6	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[34]
Aminohippuric acid	DMUN54G	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[26]
Phenolsulfonphthalein	DMCTUAD	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[10]
Uric acid	DMA1MKT	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[35]

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DTP

Disease Name	ICD 11	Studied Tissue	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia	2B33.1	Bone marrow	5.04E-01	4.29E-03	1.41E-02
Adrenocortical carcinoma	2D11.Z	Kidney	6.97E-02	-1.99E-01	-4.72E-01
Alopecia	ED70	Skin from scalp	3.78E-01	-5.21E-02	-2.30E-01
Alzheimer's disease	8A20	Entorhinal cortex	5.19E-01	-8.88E-03	-2.08E-02
Ankylosing spondylitis	FA92.0	Pheripheral blood	6.66E-01	-1.09E-02	-9.05E-02
Aortic stenosis	BB70	Calcified aortic valve	6.38E-01	-2.30E-01	-3.02E-01
Apnea	7A40	Hyperplastic tonsil	1.90E-01	-6.02E-01	-1.71E+00
Arthropathy	FA00-FA5Z	Peripheral blood	4.60E-01	6.48E-03	5.10E-02
Asthma	CA23	Nasal and bronchial airway	2.69E-01	-6.54E-02	-1.75E-01
Atopic dermatitis	EA80	Skin	3.36E-02	-1.08E-01	-8.66E-01
Autism	6A02	Whole blood	1.71E-01	-7.16E-02	-2.24E-01
Autoimmune uveitis	9A96	Peripheral monocyte	6.88E-02	-1.38E-01	-7.64E-01
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia	4B04	Whole blood	5.78E-01	9.18E-02	7.51E-01
Bacterial infection of gingival	1C1H	Gingival tissue	7.40E-01	-5.90E-02	-1.60E-01
Batten disease	5C56.1	Whole blood	2.09E-01	6.56E-02	8.27E-01
Behcet's disease	4A62	Peripheral blood	1.39E-01	1.13E-01	7.18E-01
Bipolar disorder	6A60-6A6Z	Prefrontal cortex	4.01E-01	-1.24E-01	-6.95E-01
Bladder cancer	2C94	Bladder tissue	1.08E-03	5.45E-01	2.17E+00
Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	Breast tissue	9.45E-03	-7.52E-02	-2.76E-01
Cardioembolic stroke	8B11.20	Whole blood	1.61E-01	6.83E-02	3.80E-01
Cervical cancer	2C77	Cervical tissue	1.22E-01	-8.94E-02	-3.36E-01
Childhood onset rheumatic disease	FA20.Z	Peripheral blood	6.93E-01	2.84E-02	9.87E-02
Chronic hepatitis C	1E51.1	Whole blood	6.17E-01	9.87E-03	7.34E-02
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Lung tissue	1.52E-01	1.28E-01	4.56E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Small airway epithelium	1.99E-01	7.82E-02	2.98E-01
Chronic rhinosinusitis	CA0A	Sinus mucosa tissue	7.43E-01	-1.62E-02	-1.46E-01
Colon cancer	2B90	Colon tissue	2.85E-06	-1.47E-01	-5.66E-01
Coronary artery disease	BA80-BA8Z	Peripheral blood	6.86E-01	-7.38E-02	-1.96E-01
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	2A81	Tonsil tissue	9.23E-01	4.91E-02	2.42E-01
Endometriosis	GA10	Endometrium tissue	4.53E-01	3.92E-02	1.72E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia	5C80.00	Peripheral blood	9.99E-01	-1.04E-03	-4.66E-03
Familial hypercholesterolemia	5C80.00	Whole blood	1.54E-03	-5.09E-01	-1.49E+00
Gastric cancer	2B72	Gastric tissue	1.51E-01	-1.14E-01	-9.10E-01
Glioblastopma	2A00.00	Nervous tissue	2.98E-27	-2.19E-01	-5.22E-01
Glioma	2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z	White matter tissue	4.53E-07	-6.78E-01	-3.33E+00
Head and neck cancer	2D42	Head and neck tissue	1.41E-01	1.23E-02	5.18E-02
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment	8A2Y-8A2Z	White matter tissue	4.13E-03	-1.77E-01	-8.17E-01
Huntington's disease	8A01.10	Whole blood	7.56E-01	6.80E-03	4.83E-02
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	CB03.4	Lung tissue	2.86E-01	1.23E-01	5.65E-01
Immunodeficiency	4A00-4A20	Peripheral blood	2.70E-01	4.26E-02	1.03E+00
Influenza	1.00E+30	Whole blood	1.02E-02	4.76E-01	2.94E+00
Interstitial cystitis	GC00.3	Bladder tissue	3.18E-01	-9.89E-02	-8.51E-01
Intracranial aneurysm	8B01.0	Intracranial artery	7.59E-01	2.83E-02	1.87E-01
Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	Rectal colon tissue	8.24E-01	-1.04E-02	-5.14E-02
Ischemic stroke	8B11	Peripheral blood	3.35E-03	1.70E-01	1.04E+00
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	FA24	Peripheral blood	2.03E-01	2.96E-02	1.08E-01
Lateral sclerosis	8B60.4	Cervical spinal cord	8.95E-02	-1.21E-01	-4.10E-01
Lateral sclerosis	8B60.4	Skin	5.50E-01	4.15E-02	1.96E-01
Liver cancer	2C12.0	Liver tissue	2.08E-05	-2.18E-01	-1.12E+00
Liver failure	DB99.7-DB99.8	Liver tissue	2.27E-01	8.53E-02	6.86E-01
Lung cancer	2C25	Lung tissue	9.54E-02	-3.21E-02	-1.53E-01
Lupus erythematosus	4A40	Whole blood	1.26E-01	-2.48E-01	-4.09E-01
Major depressive disorder	6A70-6A7Z	Whole blood	1.61E-01	1.64E-02	7.38E-02
Major depressive disorder	6A70-6A7Z	Hippocampus	3.12E-01	-3.68E-02	-2.09E-01
Melanoma	2C30	Skin	9.33E-01	1.73E-01	2.76E-01
Multiple myeloma	2A83.1	Bone marrow	2.37E-04	-4.20E-01	-2.64E+00
Multiple myeloma	2A83.1	Peripheral blood	3.37E-01	9.98E-02	4.61E-01
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Plasmacytoid dendritic cells	6.02E-01	2.24E-01	6.56E-01
Myelodysplastic syndrome	2A36-2A3Z	Bone marrow	1.79E-01	5.03E-02	2.72E-01
Myelofibrosis	2A20.2	Whole blood	8.85E-02	1.53E-01	1.06E+00
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA50	Peripheral blood	2.15E-01	3.54E-01	6.90E-01
Myopathy	8C70.6	Muscle tissue	1.98E-02	-3.79E-01	-1.51E+00
Neonatal sepsis	KA60	Whole blood	3.82E-03	-1.35E-01	-4.05E-01
Neuroectodermal tumour	2A00.11	Brain stem tissue	9.35E-03	-2.63E-01	-7.97E-01
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	DB92	Liver tissue	5.36E-01	5.28E-02	3.78E-01
Obesity related type 2 diabetes	5A11	Omental adipose tissue	3.95E-01	2.19E-02	3.10E-01
Olive pollen allergy	CA08.00	Peripheral blood	1.64E-03	3.69E-01	3.73E+00
Oral cancer	2B6E	Oral tissue	5.40E-09	-5.72E-01	-1.62E+00
Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA0Z	Synovial tissue	6.64E-01	6.36E-02	1.80E-01
Osteoporosis	FB83.1	Bone marrow	9.04E-02	2.43E-01	3.87E+00
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Ovarian tissue	9.13E-02	-1.51E-01	-6.30E-01
Pancreatic cancer	2C10	Pancreas	1.43E-02	-5.14E-01	-1.03E+00
Parkinson's disease	8A00.0	Substantia nigra tissue	9.15E-01	5.97E-02	1.97E-01
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection	CA40.11	Peripheral blood	3.61E-01	-1.06E-01	-7.68E-01
Pituitary cancer	2D12	Pituitary tissue	3.80E-03	3.33E-01	9.88E-01
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour	2D12	Pituitary tissue	6.89E-02	2.37E-01	8.25E-01
Polycystic ovary syndrome	5A80.1	Vastus lateralis muscle	2.55E-01	-7.67E-02	-4.41E-01
Polycythemia vera	2A20.4	Whole blood	9.65E-05	1.17E-01	8.58E-01
Pompe disease	5C51.3	Biceps muscle	1.34E-01	-7.41E-02	-7.44E-01
Preterm birth	KA21.4Z	Myometrium	8.77E-01	3.42E-02	1.61E-01
Prostate cancer	2C82	Prostate	4.79E-03	-8.56E-01	-8.26E-01
Psoriasis	EA90	Skin	4.65E-09	-2.73E-01	-5.62E-01
Rectal cancer	2B92	Rectal colon tissue	2.40E-01	-1.69E-01	-5.65E-01
Renal cancer	2C90-2C91	Kidney	3.59E-04	-4.41E+00	-2.18E+00
Retinoblastoma	2D02.2	Uvea	2.31E-07	-5.90E-01	-3.13E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Synovial tissue	1.26E-01	-4.25E-01	-1.12E+00
Rhinovirus infection	CA42.1	Nasal epithelium tissue	9.03E-01	-5.34E-02	-3.80E-01
Schizophrenia	6A20	Prefrontal cortex	9.49E-01	-1.42E-02	-3.77E-02
Schizophrenia	6A20	Superior temporal cortex	1.46E-01	-4.02E-02	-2.76E-01
Scleroderma	4A42.Z	Whole blood	9.00E-01	-1.63E-02	-9.72E-02
Seizure	8A60-8A6Z	Whole blood	4.70E-01	-6.69E-02	-3.12E-01
Sensitive skin	EK0Z	Skin	8.42E-01	-2.24E-02	-2.73E-01
Sepsis with septic shock	1G41	Whole blood	6.80E-02	-5.04E-02	-1.63E-01
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome	3A70.0	Bone marrow	2.39E-02	3.40E-01	1.14E+00
Sickle cell disease	3A51.0-3A51.3	Peripheral blood	8.88E-01	-5.28E-02	-1.61E-01
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome	LD2C	Adipose tissue	3.41E-01	-1.16E-01	-1.21E+00
Sjogren's syndrome	4A43.2	Salivary gland tissue	6.90E-01	1.88E-02	7.27E-02
Skin cancer	2C30-2C3Z	Skin	2.63E-15	-4.13E-01	-6.73E-01
Thrombocythemia	3B63	Whole blood	3.89E-02	6.02E-02	4.19E-01
Thrombocytopenia	3B64	Whole blood	2.76E-01	1.34E-01	6.28E-01
Thyroid cancer	2D10	Thyroid	2.86E-05	1.26E-01	4.49E-01
Tibial muscular dystrophy	8C75	Muscle tissue	4.32E-04	-2.82E-01	-1.59E+00
Tuberous sclerosis complex	LD2D.2	Perituberal tissue	7.73E-01	2.09E-02	8.63E-02
Type 2 diabetes	5A11	Liver tissue	6.49E-01	3.37E-03	6.66E-02
Ureter cancer	2C92	Urothelium	5.21E-01	-8.63E-02	-5.35E-01
Uterine cancer	2C78	Endometrium tissue	6.50E-01	-1.76E-02	-6.14E-02
Vitiligo	ED63.0	Skin	3.60E-01	-8.16E-02	-4.90E-01

Drug Affinity of This DTP Assessed by Cell Line

Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Highest Status	Cell Line	Affinity	REF
Aciclovir	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 772 microM	[5]
Bumetanide	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 1586 microM	[8]
Cimetidine	Approved	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OAT3	Km = 174 microM	[15]
Cimetidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 113 microM	[36]
Cimetidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 149 microM	[37]
Cimetidine	Approved	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 57.4 microM	[26]
Dinoprostone	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 0.345 microM	[17]
Famotidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 124 microM	[37]
MCI-186	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 15.1 microM	[21]
Methotrexate	Approved	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 10.9 microM	[26]
Methotrexate	Approved	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 17.2 microM	[23]
Methotrexate	Approved	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 21.1 microM	[38]
Methotrexate	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 21.1 microM	[38]
Olmesartan medoxomil	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 0.12 microM	[24]
Pitavastatin calcium	Approved	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 3.3 microM	[25]
Pravastatin	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 27.2 microM	[39]
Ranitidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 234 microM	[37]
Rosuvastatin	Approved	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 7.4 microM	[28]
Sitagliptin	Approved	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OAT3	Km = 162 microM	[15]
Tenofovir	Approved	BHK-21 cells-OAT3	Km = 770 microM	[40]
Tetracycline	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 566.2 microM	[31]
Valaciclovir	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 57.9 microM	[32]
Zidovudine	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 145 microM	[32]

Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Highest Status	Cell Line	Affinity	REF
Dimesna	Phase 3	Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-OAT3	Km = 390 microM	[33]
PGF2alpha	Clinical trial	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 1.092 microM	[17]

Investigative Drug(s)

Drug Name	Highest Status	Cell Line	Affinity	REF
3R14S-OCHRATOXIN A	Investigative	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OAT3	Km = 0.75 microM	[34]
Aminohippuric acid	Investigative	Oocytes-OAT3	Km = 87.2 microM	[26]
Uric acid	Investigative	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OAT3	Km = 380.3 microM	[35]

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DTP

• DTP DTT Name: Solute carrier family 22 member 8 (SLC22A8) DTT Info
• DTP DTT Type: Successful
• Related Disease:
  Gout [ICD-11: FA25]
  Herpes simplex infection [ICD-11: 1F00]
  Inborn purine/pyrimidine/nucleotide metabolism error [ICD-11: 5C55]

2 Approved Drug(s) Targeting This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Fluorescein	DMQTFAO	Ocular disease	1F00.1Z	Approved	[1]
Probenecid	DMMFWOJ	Gout	FA25	Approved	[2], [3]

1 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Targeting This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Buproprion+zonisamide	DMZC4V0	Obesity	5B81	Phase 2	[4]

5 Investigative Drug(s) Targeting This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
3R14S-OCHRATOXIN A	DM2KEW6	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[1]
Adipate	DM2XI09	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[1]
Aminohippuric acid	DMUN54G	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[1]
Glutarate	DMPUFDS	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[1]
HEPTANOATE	DMGEO8N	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Structural variation governs substrate specificity for organic anion transporter (OAT) homologs. Potential remote sensing by OAT family members. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):23841-53.
• [2] Transport of organic anions across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;146:95-158.
• [3] Interactions of organic anions with the organic cation transporter in renal BBMV. Am J Physiol. 1988 Jan;254(1 Pt 2):F56-61.
• [4] Anti-obesity drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Jun;9(8):1339-50.
• [5] Expression of organic anion transporter 2 in the human kidney and its potential role in the tubular secretion of guanine-containing antiviral drugs. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Mar;40(3):617-24.
• [6] FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions
• [7] Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 May;32(5):479-83.
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• [9] Human organic anion transporter hOAT3 is a potent transporter of cephalosporin antibiotics, in comparison with hOAT1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 1;70(7):1104-13.
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