General Information of Drug (ID: DMRV7H0)

Drug Name
Bumetanide
Synonyms
Aquazone; Bumedyl; Bumetanida; Bumetanidum; Bumethanide; Bumex; Burine; Burinex; Butinat; Cambiex; Diurama; Drenural; Fontego; Fordiuran; Lixil; Lunetoron; Miccil; Segurex; Yurinex; AstraZeneca Brand of Bumetanide; Atlantis Brand of Bumetanide; Bumetanide AstraZeneca Brand; Bumetanide Atlantis Brand; Bumetanide Farmacusi Brand; Bumetanide Grossmann Brand; Bumetanide Leo Brand; Bumetanide Roche Brand; Bumetanide Senosiain Brand; Farmacusi Brand of Bumetanide; Grossmann Brand of Bumetanide; Leo Brand of Bumetanide; Roche Brand of Bumetanide; Senosiain Brand of Bumetanide; B 3023; PF 1593; PF1593; Bumetanida [INN-Spanish]; Bumetanidum [INN-Latin]; Bumex (TN); Bumex, Bumetanide; Lixil-Leo; PF-1593; Ro 10-6338; Bumetanide (JP15/USP); Ro-10-6338; Bumetanide (JP15/USP/INN); Bumetanide [USAN:BAN:INN:JAN]; 3-(Aminosulfonyl)-5-(butylamino)-4-phenoxybenzoic acid; 3-(Butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid; 3-(aminosulfonyl)-5-(butylamino)-4-(phenyloxy)benzoic acid; 3-butylamino-4-(phenoxy)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Diuretics
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 364.4
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 2.8
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 7
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [3]
Bioavailability
90% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [4]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 2.5 mL/min/kg [5]
Elimination
45% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 60 - 90 minutes [5]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via oxidation of the N-butyl side chain [6]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.45826 micromolar/kg/day [7]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.031% [5]
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.16 L/kg [5]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.1 mg/mL [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C17H20N2O5S
IUPAC Name
3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
Canonical SMILES
CCCCNC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)N)OC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H20N2O5S/c1-2-3-9-19-14-10-12(17(20)21)11-15(25(18,22)23)16(14)24-13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-8,10-11,19H,2-3,9H2,1H3,(H,20,21)(H2,18,22,23)
InChIKey
MAEIEVLCKWDQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
2471
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:3213
CAS Number
28395-03-1
DrugBank ID
DB00887
TTD ID
D0R7HO
VARIDT ID
DR00272
ACDINA ID
D00081

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Solute carrier family 12 member 1 (SLC12A1) TTS087L S12A1_HUMAN Blocker [8], [9]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (SLC12A3) DT6MDC9 S12A3_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Monocarboxylate transporter 6 (SLC16A5) DT3I124 MOT6_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7) DT0OC1Q S22A7_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Organic anion transporter 4 (SLC22A11) DT06JWZ S22AB_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8) DTVP67E S22A8_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Bumetanide
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Carvedilol DMHTEAO Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Carvedilol. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [46]
Digitoxin DMWVIGP Moderate Increased risk of hypomagnesemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Digitoxin. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [47]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Bumetanide (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Cefuroxime DMSIMD8 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefuroxime. Acute bronchitis [CA42] [48]
Framycetin DMF8DNE Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Bumetanide and Framycetin. Alcoholic liver disease [DB94] [49]
Cefamandole DMNEXZF Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefamandole. Anaerobic bacterial infection [1A00-1A09] [48]
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Dronedarone. Angina pectoris [BA40] [50]
Cefotetan DM07TX3 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefotetan. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Minor Decreased elimination of Bumetanide caused by Ofloxacin mediated competitive inhibition of renal tubular secretion. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [51]
Kanamycin DM2DMPO Major Increased risk of ototoxicity by the combination of Bumetanide and Kanamycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [49]
Ceftizoxime DM3VOGS Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Ceftizoxime. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefoperazone DM53PV8 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefoperazone. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefprozil DM7DSYP Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefprozil. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Ceftriaxone DMCEW64 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Ceftriaxone. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Streptomycin DME1LQN Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Bumetanide and Streptomycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [49]
Cefepime DMHVWIK Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefepime. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefpodoxime DMJUNY5 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefpodoxime. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefadroxil DMMC345 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefadroxil. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Rabeprazole DMMZXIW Moderate Increased risk of hypomagnesemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Rabeprazole. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [52]
Cefazolin DMPDYFR Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefazolin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Netilmicin DMRD1QK Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Bumetanide and Netilmicin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [49]
Cefditoren DMSUVM1 Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefditoren. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefonicid DMTX2BH Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefonicid. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefradine DMUNSWV Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefradine. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cefoxitin DMYTXVR Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cefoxitin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [48]
Cariprazine DMJYDVK Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Cariprazine. Bipolar disorder [6A60] [53]
Etidronic acid DM1XHYJ Moderate Increased risk of hypocalcemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Etidronic acid. Bone paget disease [FB85] [54]
Ceftibuten DMWV2AG Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Ceftibuten. Bronchitis [CA20] [48]
Ketoprofen DMRKXPT Moderate Antagonize the effect of Bumetanide when combined with Ketoprofen. Chronic pain [MG30] [55]
Levomilnacipran DMV26S8 Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Levomilnacipran. Chronic pain [MG30] [56]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Sertraline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [56]
Vilazodone DM4LECQ Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Vilazodone. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [56]
Selegiline DM6034S Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Selegiline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [57]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Vortioxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [56]
Isocarboxazid DMAF1NB Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Isocarboxazid. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [57]
Milnacipran DMBFE74 Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Milnacipran. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [56]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Escitalopram. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [56]
Desvenlafaxine DMHD4PE Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Desvenlafaxine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [56]
OPC-34712 DMHG57U Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and OPC-34712. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [53]
Eslicarbazepine DMZREFQ Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Eslicarbazepine. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [58]
Nadolol DMW6GVL Moderate Increased risk of hyperglycemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Nadolol. Essential hypertension [BA00] [46]
Dexlansoprazole DM1DBV5 Moderate Increased risk of hypomagnesemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Dexlansoprazole. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [DA22] [52]
Metipranolol DMJMVKI Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Metipranolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [46]
Levobetaxolol DMSREPX Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Levobetaxolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [46]
Levobunolol DMTNFCQ Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Levobunolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [46]
Procarbazine DMIK367 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Procarbazine. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [57]
Etelcalcetide DMHP9BL Major Increased risk of hypocalcemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Etelcalcetide. Hyper-parathyroidism [5A51] [59]
Acebutolol DM0TI4U Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Acebutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [46]
Captopril DM458UM Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Captopril. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [60]
Penbutolol DM4ES8F Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Penbutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [46]
Nebivolol DM7F1PA Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Nebivolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [46]
Pindolol DMD2NV7 Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Bumetanide and Pindolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [46]
Trichlormethiazide DMHAQCO Moderate Increased risk of fluid/electrolyte loss by the combination of Bumetanide and Trichlormethiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [61]
Hydrochlorothiazide DMUSZHD Moderate Increased risk of fluid/electrolyte loss by the combination of Bumetanide and Hydrochlorothiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [61]
Meclofenamic acid DM05FXR Moderate Antagonize the effect of Bumetanide when combined with Meclofenamic acid. Inflammatory spondyloarthritis [FA92] [55]
ITI-007 DMUQ1DO Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and ITI-007. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [53]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Arsenic trioxide. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [62]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [57]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [53]
Sibutramine DMFJTDI Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Bumetanide and Sibutramine. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [56]
Polythiazide DMCH80F Moderate Increased risk of fluid/electrolyte loss by the combination of Bumetanide and Polythiazide. Oedema [MG29] [61]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [63]
Carboplatin DMG281S Moderate Increased risk of ototoxicity by the combination of Bumetanide and Carboplatin. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [64]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Moderate Antagonize the effect of Bumetanide when combined with Ibuprofen. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [55]
Safinamide DM0YWJC Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Safinamide. Parkinsonism [8A00] [57]
Rasagiline DM3WKQ4 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Rasagiline. Parkinsonism [8A00] [57]
Bromfenac DMKB79O Moderate Antagonize the effect of Bumetanide when combined with Bromfenac. Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43] [55]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [53]
Oxaprozin DM9UB0P Moderate Antagonize the effect of Bumetanide when combined with Oxaprozin. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [55]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Quetiapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [53]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [64]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Aripiprazole. Schizophrenia [6A20] [53]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Iloperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [64]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [64]
Molindone DMAH70G Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Molindone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [53]
Thiothixene DMDINC4 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Thiothixene. Schizophrenia [6A20] [53]
Amisulpride DMSJVAM Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Amisulpride. Schizophrenia [6A20] [64]
Asenapine DMSQZE2 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Asenapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [53]
Pimozide DMW83TP Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Pimozide. Schizophrenia [6A20] [65]
Cephapirin DMV2JNY Moderate Increased renal excretion of Bumetanide caused by Cephapirin. Sepsis [1G40-1G41] [48]
Plazomicin DMKMBES Major Increased risk of ototoxicity by the combination of Bumetanide and Plazomicin. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [49]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Methdilazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [53]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Bumetanide and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [66]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Bumetanide and Amiodarone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [67]
⏷ Show the Full List of 81 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Bumetanide 0.5 mg tablet 0.5 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Bumetanide 1 mg tablet 1 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Bumetanide 2 mg tablet 2 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4837).
2 FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 074225.
3 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4 Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches
5 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6 FDA approval: ado-trastuzumab emtansine for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 1;20(17):4436-41.
7 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
8 Nerve Terminal GABAA Receptors Activate Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Signaling to Inhibit Voltage-gated Ca2+ Influx and Glutamate Release. J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 27;284(13):8726-37.
9 Effect of L-ascorbate on chloride transport in freshly excised sinonasal epithelia. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009 May-Jun;23(3):294-9.
10 Genetic variation in the renal sodium transporters NKCC2, NCC, and ENaC in relation to the effects of loop diuretic drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Sep;82(3):300-9.
11 Quercetin, Morin, Luteolin, and Phloretin Are Dietary Flavonoid Inhibitors of Monocarboxylate Transporter 6. Mol Pharm. 2017 Sep 5;14(9):2930-2936.
12 Transport mechanism and substrate specificity of human organic anion transporter 2 (hOat2 [SLC22A7]). J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 May;57(5):573-8.
13 Interactions of human organic anion transporters with diuretics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Mar;308(3):1021-9.
14 Transport of organic anions across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;146:95-158.
15 Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8.
16 Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal antiviral transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):918-24.
17 Possible involvement of organic anion transporter 2 on the interaction of theophylline with erythromycin in the human liver. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):619-22.
18 Identification of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 expressed predominantly in the liver. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jun 12;429(2):179-82.
19 Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7) is a facilitative transporter of cGMP. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;73(4):1151-8.
20 A species difference in the transport activities of H2 receptor antagonists by rat and human renal organic anion and cation transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Oct;315(1):337-45.
21 Human organic anion transporter 2 is an entecavir, but not tenofovir, transporter. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2017 Feb;32(1):116-119.
22 Methotrexate-loxoprofen interaction: involvement of human organic anion transporters hOAT1 and hOAT3. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004 Oct;19(5):369-74.
23 Identification and characterization of human organic anion transporter 3 expressing predominantly in the kidney. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 May;59(5):1277-86.
24 Prediction of the overall renal tubular secretion and hepatic clearance of anionic drugs and a renal drug-drug interaction involving organic anion transporter 3 in humans by in vitro uptake experiments. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Jun;39(6):1031-8.
25 Murine renal organic anion transporters mOAT1 and mOAT3 facilitate the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Nov;289(5):C1075-84.
26 Organic anion transporter 3 is involved in the brain-to-blood efflux transport of thiopurine nucleobase analogs. J Neurochem. 2004 Aug;90(4):931-41.
27 Transporter-mediated influx and efflux mechanisms of pitavastatin, a new inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;57(10):1305-11.
28 The contribution of organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 to the renal uptake of rosuvastatin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Sep;322(3):1221-7.
29 Aspirin and probenecid inhibit organic anion transporter 3-mediated renal uptake of cilostazol and probenecid induces metabolism of cilostazol in the rat. Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Jun;42(6):996-1007.
30 Characterization of methotrexate transport and its drug interactions with human organic anion transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):666-71.
31 The role of the intracellular glutamate gradient in driving organic anion transporter function.
32 Inhibition of human organic anion transporter 3 mediated pravastatin transport by gemfibrozil and the metabolites in humans. Xenobiotica. 2007 Apr;37(4):416-26.
33 Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76.
34 Inhibitory effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and leukotriene receptor antagonists on the transport of human organic anion transporter 4. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;58(11):1499-505.
35 Cellular Uptake of Levocetirizine by Organic Anion Transporter 4. J Pharm Sci. 2017 Sep;106(9):2895-2898.
36 Involvement of uric acid transporters in alteration of serum uric acid level by angiotensin II receptor blockers. Pharm Res. 2008 Mar;25(3):639-46.
37 Inhibition of binding of [3H]metolazone to rat kidney membrane by stilbene disulfonates. Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 Jun 1;41(11):1745-50.
38 Nongenomic effect of aldosterone on ion transport pathways of red blood cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2008;22(1-4):269-78.
39 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
40 Update of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Am J Ther. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):154-60.
41 Na-K-Cl cotransport regulates intracellular volume and monolayer permeability of trabecular meshwork cells. Am J Physiol. 1995 Apr;268(4 Pt 1):C1067-74.
42 Genetic variation in the renal sodium transporters NKCC2, NCC, and ENaC in relation to the effects of loop diuretic drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Sep;82(3):300-9.
43 DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6.
44 Function and regulation of epithelial sodium transporters in the kidney of a salt-sensitive hypertensive rat model. J Hypertens. 2007 May;25(5):1065-72.
45 The 45-year story of the development of an anti-aldosterone more specific than spironolactone. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 31;217(1-2):45-52.
46 Dean S, Kendall MJ, Potter S, Thompson MH, Jackson DA "Nadolol in combination with indapamide and xipamide in resistant hypertensives." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 28 (1985): 29-33. [PMID: 3987783]
47 Brown DD, Dormois JC, Abraham GN, et al "Effect of furosemide on the renal excretion of digoxin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 20 (1976): 395-400. [PMID: 975715]
48 Chrysos G, Gargalianos P, Lelekis M, Stefanou J, Kosmidis J "Pharmacokinetic interactions of ceftazidime and frusemide." J Chemother 7 Suppl (1995): 107-10. [PMID: 8904125]
49 Athlin L, Domellof L, Holm S "Gentamicin treatment in severe surgical infections: serum levels, interactions, toxicity and efficacy." Acta Chir Scand 147 (1981): 225-30. [PMID: 7034430]
50 Product Information. Multaq (dronedarone). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
51 Sudoh T, Fujimura A, Shiga T, Sasaki M, Harada K, Tateishi T, Ohashi K, Ebihara A "Renal clearance of lomefloxacin is decreased by furosemide." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 46 (1994): 267-9. [PMID: 8070509]
52 FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor drugs (PPIs).".
53 Aronowitz JS, Chakos MH, Safferman AZ, Lieberman JA "Syncope associated with the combination of clozapine and enalapril." J Clin Psychopharmacol 14 (1994): 429-30. [PMID: 7884028]
54 Product Information. Skelid (tilundronate). Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
55 Muller FO, Schall R, Devaal AC, Groenewoud G, Hundt HKL, Middle MV "Influence of meloxicam on furosemide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1995): 247-51. [PMID: 7589049]
56 Product Information. Savella (milnacipran). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
57 Ban TA "Drug interactions with psychoactive drugs." Dis Nerv Syst 36 (1975): 164-6. [PMID: 1116424]
58 Product Information. Aptiom (eslicarbazepine). Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA.
59 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
60 Burnakis TG, Mioduch HJ "Combined therapy with captopril and potassium supplementation: a potential for hyperkalemia." Arch Intern Med 144 (1984): 2371-2. [PMID: 6391404]
61 Leary WP, Reyes AJ "Drug interactions with diuretics." S Afr Med J 65 (1984): 455-61. [PMID: 6701709]
62 Ohnishi K, Yoshida H, Shigeno K, et al. "Prolongation of the QT interval and ventricular tachycardia in patients treated with arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia." Ann Intern Med 133 (2000): 881-5. [PMID: 11103058]
63 Cohen J "Long-term efficacy and safety of terazosin alone and in combination with other antihypertensive agents." Am Heart J 122 (1991): 919-25. [PMID: 1678923]
64 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
65 Product Information. Orap Tablets (pimozide). Gate Pharmaceuticals, Sellersville, PA.
66 Product Information. Clozaril (clozapine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
67 Antonelli D, Atar S, Freedberg NA, Rosenfeld T "Torsade de pointes in patients on chronic amiodarone treatment: contributing factors and drug interactions." Isr Med Assoc J 7 (2005): 163-5. [PMID: 15792261]