Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMLHESP)

Drug Name
Chlorothiazide
Synonyms
Aldoclor; Alurene; Chloriazid; Chlorosal; Chlorothiazid; Chlorothiazidum; Chlorotiazida; Chlorthiazid; Chlorthiazide; Chlorthiazidum; Chlortiazid; Chlorurit; Chlotride; Chlrosal; Clorotiazida; Clorotiazide; Clotride; Diupres; Diuresal; Diuril; Diurilix; Diurite; Diutrid; Flumen; Minzil; Salisan; Salunil; Saluretil; Saluric; Thiazide; Urinex; Warduzide; Yadalan; Clorotiazide [DCIT]; Component of Aldoclor; Diuril Boluses; C 4911; Chlorothiazidum [INN-Latin]; Clorotiazida [INN-Spanish]; Diuril (TN); Diuril Boluses, Veterinary; Neo-Dema; Sk-chlorothiazide; Chlorothiazide [USAN:INN:BAN]; Diuril, Chlotride, Chlorothiazide; Chlorothiazide (JAN/USP/INN); 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-, 1,1-dioxide; 6-Chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide; 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide; 6-chloro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [1]
Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [2]
Edema MG29 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Antihypertensive Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 295.7
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) -0.2
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 6
ADMET Property
Absorption
The drug is rapidly absorbed following oral administration []
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 4: low solubility and low permeability [3]
Elimination
92% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 45 - 120 minutes [4]
Metabolism
The drug is not metabolised []
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 112.60478 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.52 mg/mL [3]
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
ADR Term Variation Related DOT DOT ID REF
Cardiovascular disorder rs1967309 ADCY9 OT1IZT5K [6]
Insomnia rs6575353 PRIMA1 OT9ITT3P [7]
Insomnia rs2388082 MTUS2 OTDBDH2L [7]
Insomnia rs1791933 P2RY2 OT47XN46 [7]
Insomnia rs158856 NEDD4L OT1B19RU [7]
Metabolic disorder rs9788333 ZDHHC20 OTLLL15N [8]
Metabolic disorder rs9420790 ERLIN1 OTUOOODY [8]
Metabolic disorder rs890749 LOX OT1C2HIU [8]
Metabolic disorder rs878131 EYA2 OTPVLA73 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7965364 BCAT1 OTYHXLWZ [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7964748 IGF1 OTIIZR61 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7801534 CDC14C OTFJU7Y0 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7762018 PHF10? OTWDR4EX [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7203315 GRIN2A OTTP0KN8 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7147996 c14ORF143 OTXDJ9R8 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs7077606 PCDH15 OTU9C2EH [8]
Metabolic disorder rs6928289 OLIG3 OTU8XLAF [8]
Metabolic disorder rs6870564 MYO10 OTHB78ZQ [8]
Metabolic disorder rs6859974 MGAT1 OT1E09PZ [8]
Metabolic disorder rs6493487 CYP19A1 OTZ6XF74 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs4808260 ZNF626 OTNKHC7A [8]
Metabolic disorder rs4722750 JAZF1 OTXTYSYD [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2980003 CYP7B1 OTIKFYP6 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2944755 EIF2C2 OT4JY32Q [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2686586 GOLIM4 OTB5NV8A [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2613514 TNRC6C OTBR07PM [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2460504 IQGAP2 OTX2UA7P [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2274788 GCLM OT6CP234 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs225675 GPR126 OTY2UBXO [8]
Metabolic disorder rs2099077 NUDT12 OTBUY58C [8]
Metabolic disorder rs1974942 PHF17 OTBPJIRI [8]
Metabolic disorder rs17560407 MEF2C OTZGF1Y5 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs17133858 ARRB1 OT2NJS37 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs16951120 CA10 OTC3N1F6 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs1669070 ARMC9 OT0MZER2 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs166881 SLC35F1 OTRXHR2P [8]
Metabolic disorder rs1559759 CD44 OT9TTJ41 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs1551678 ADAM12 OTZKOTDB [8]
Metabolic disorder rs1511453 PPARGC1A OTHCDQ22 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12904863 CT62 OTV9N4KM [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12507634 FBXO8 OTZNGJGW [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12498735 STOX2 OTE9BK02 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12455924 FAM38B OTQ7AT38 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12307997 GDF3 OTD3KGJK [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12303914 KLRD1 OTMYLOV4 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12279250 NELL1 OTF3TX3N [8]
Metabolic disorder rs12127679 ZNF238 OTOUVAG5 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs11810574 CHRM3 OTKSD095 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs11785622 NIPAL2 OTX9UREP [8]
Metabolic disorder rs11648716 COX4I1 OTU0FC24 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs11599315 WDR37 OTOZUONG [8]
Metabolic disorder rs11216831 PHLDB1 OTIRCB6I [8]
Metabolic disorder rs11077614 SLC39A11 OT71LCT2 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs10989824 GRIN3A OTQS9GYY [8]
Metabolic disorder rs10985375 DAB2IP OTF456VC [8]
Metabolic disorder rs10943724 BCKDHB OT8OSVYU [8]
Metabolic disorder rs10778699 PPP1R12A OT4AVU95 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs10508921 ASAH2 OT47TIF3 [8]
Metabolic disorder rs10152811 AGBL1;AGBL1-AS1 OT8NQLH0 [8]
Myocardial infarction rs762551 CYP1A2 OTLLBX48 [9]
Neutropenia rs9386485 PRDM1 OTQLSVBS [10]
Neutropenia rs922107 LRRC8B OTH2LMJ4 [10]
Neutropenia rs792975 ERGIC1 OT351FKB [10]
Neutropenia rs6429703 KAZN OTPM7BYM [10]
Neutropenia rs3786094 GAS7 OT0M5TNY [10]
Neutropenia rs3138083 SIT1 OT7MDF09 [10]
Neutropenia rs3138083 SIT1 OTHRD4XO [10]
Neutropenia rs2444896 MATN2 OTVDR68G [10]
Neutropenia rs1476029 APOL3 OT95SQHR [10]
Neutropenia rs12310399 FGD6 OTI0T62C [10]
Neutropenia rs10785877 RXRA OTP1TBDM [10]
Peripheral sensory neuropathy rs10512385 ACTL7B OTCG3IGE [11]
Peripheral sensory neuropathy rs10065203 TRIO OT71X1AK [11]
Thromboembolic event rs6025 F5 OTDMZ3LT [12]
⏷ Show the Full List of 74 ADR Information of This Drug
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C7H6ClN3O4S2
IUPAC Name
6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-4H-1lambda6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
Canonical SMILES
C1=C2C(=CC(=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N=CN2
InChI
InChI=1S/C7H6ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-3H,(H,10,11)(H2,9,12,13)
InChIKey
JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
2720
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:3640
CAS Number
58-94-6
DrugBank ID
DB00880
TTD ID
D0M9WM
VARIDT ID
DR00646
ACDINA ID
D00122
Combinatorial Drugs (CBD) Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) TTANPDJ CAH2_HUMAN Inhibitor [13]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [14]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8) DTVP67E S22A8_HUMAN Substrate [15]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial (BCKDHB) OT8OSVYU ODBB_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Actin-like protein 7B (ACTL7B) OTCG3IGE ACL7B_HUMAN Drug Response [11]
Adenylate cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) OT1IZT5K ADCY9_HUMAN Drug Response [6]
Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor G6 (ADGRG6) OTY2UBXO AGRG6_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT1) OT1E09PZ MGAT1_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Apolipoprotein L3 (APOL3) OT95SQHR APOL3_HUMAN Drug Response [10]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Beta-arrestin-1 (ARRB1) OT2NJS37 ARRB1_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic (BCAT1) OTYHXLWZ BCAT1_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Cancer/testis antigen 62 (CT62) OTV9N4KM CT62_HUMAN Drug Response [8]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Chronic heart failure
ICD Disease Classification BD1Z
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) DTT CA2 7.95E-08 0.52 0.33
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8) DTP OAT3 9.45E-03 -7.52E-02 -2.76E-01
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTP BCRP 1.46E-65 -1.41E+00 -1.41E+00
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Chlorothiazide
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Carvedilol DMHTEAO Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Carvedilol. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [16]
Bumetanide DMRV7H0 Moderate Increased risk of fluid/electrolyte loss by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Bumetanide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [17]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Chlorothiazide (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Dronedarone. Angina pectoris [BA40] [18]
Rabeprazole DMMZXIW Moderate Increased risk of hypomagnesemia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Rabeprazole. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [19]
Cariprazine DMJYDVK Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Cariprazine. Bipolar disorder [6A60] [20]
Ketoprofen DMRKXPT Moderate Antagonize the effect of Chlorothiazide when combined with Ketoprofen. Chronic pain [MG30] [21]
Levomilnacipran DMV26S8 Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Levomilnacipran. Chronic pain [MG30] [22]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Sertraline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [22]
Vilazodone DM4LECQ Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Vilazodone. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [22]
Selegiline DM6034S Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Selegiline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [23]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Vortioxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [22]
Isocarboxazid DMAF1NB Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Isocarboxazid. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [23]
Milnacipran DMBFE74 Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Milnacipran. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [22]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Escitalopram. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [22]
Desvenlafaxine DMHD4PE Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Desvenlafaxine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [22]
OPC-34712 DMHG57U Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and OPC-34712. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [20]
Mepenzolate DM8YU2F Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Mepenzolate. Digestive system disease [DE2Z] [24]
Oxybutynine DMJPBAX Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Oxybutynine. Discovery agent [N.A.] [24]
Ethacrynic acid DM60QMR Moderate Increased risk of fluid/electrolyte loss by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Ethacrynic acid. Essential hypertension [BA00] [17]
Nadolol DMW6GVL Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Nadolol. Essential hypertension [BA00] [16]
Solifenacin DMG592Q Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Solifenacin. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [24]
Tolterodine DMSHPW8 Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Tolterodine. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [24]
Dexlansoprazole DM1DBV5 Moderate Increased risk of hypomagnesemia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Dexlansoprazole. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [DA22] [19]
Metipranolol DMJMVKI Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Metipranolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [16]
Levobetaxolol DMSREPX Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Levobetaxolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [16]
Levobunolol DMTNFCQ Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Levobunolol. Glaucoma [9C61] [16]
Procarbazine DMIK367 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Procarbazine. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [23]
Acebutolol DM0TI4U Moderate Increased risk of hyperglycemia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Acebutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [16]
Captopril DM458UM Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Captopril. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [25]
Penbutolol DM4ES8F Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Penbutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [16]
Nebivolol DM7F1PA Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Nebivolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [16]
Pindolol DMD2NV7 Moderate Increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Pindolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [16]
Quinapril DMR8H31 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Quinapril. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [25]
Belladonna DM2RBWK Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Belladonna. Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40] [24]
Meclofenamic acid DM05FXR Moderate Antagonize the effect of Chlorothiazide when combined with Meclofenamic acid. Inflammatory spondyloarthritis [FA92] [21]
ITI-007 DMUQ1DO Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and ITI-007. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [20]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Arsenic trioxide. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [26]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [23]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [20]
Sibutramine DMFJTDI Moderate Increased risk of hyponatremia by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Sibutramine. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [22]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [27]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Moderate Antagonize the effect of Chlorothiazide when combined with Ibuprofen. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [21]
Flavoxate DMKV4NL Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Flavoxate. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [24]
Safinamide DM0YWJC Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Safinamide. Parkinsonism [8A00] [23]
Rasagiline DM3WKQ4 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Rasagiline. Parkinsonism [8A00] [23]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Minor Altered absorption of Chlorothiazide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Methylscopolamine. Peptic ulcer [DA61] [24]
Bromfenac DMKB79O Moderate Antagonize the effect of Chlorothiazide when combined with Bromfenac. Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43] [21]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [20]
Oxaprozin DM9UB0P Moderate Antagonize the effect of Chlorothiazide when combined with Oxaprozin. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [21]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Quetiapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [28]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Aripiprazole. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Iloperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [28]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [28]
Thiothixene DMDINC4 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Thiothixene. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Amisulpride DMSJVAM Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Amisulpride. Schizophrenia [6A20] [28]
Asenapine DMSQZE2 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Asenapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Methdilazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [20]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [29]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Chlorothiazide and Amiodarone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [30]
⏷ Show the Full List of 58 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Carmellose sodium E00625 Not Available Disintegrant
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Polysorbate 80 E00665 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Chlorothiazide 250 mg tablet 250 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Chlorothiazide 500 mg tablet 500 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Chlorothiazide FDA Label
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4835).
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4 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
5 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
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9 Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2006 Mar 8;295(10):1135-41. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.10.1135.
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11 Genome-wide association study identifies ephrin type A receptors implicated in paclitaxel induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. J Med Genet. 2013 Sep;50(9):599-605. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101466. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
12 Factor V Leiden mutation and thromboembolism risk in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Jul 7;102(13):942-9. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djq211. Epub 2010 Jun 16.
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14 ABCG2 modulates chlorothiazide permeability--in vitro-characterization of its interactions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2012;27(3):349-53.
15 Overlapping in vitro and in vivo specificities of the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 for loop and thiazide diuretics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):F867-73.
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19 FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor drugs (PPIs).".
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