General Information of Disease (ID: DISABTW7)

Disease Name Leishmaniasis
Synonyms post kala-Azar dermal leishmaniasis; post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; post-kala-azar dermal infectious disease by leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis (subtype); cutaneous leishmaniasis (subtype)
Disease Class 1F54: Leishmaniasis
Definition
Infectious disease that is transmitted through the bite of hematophagous female phlebotomine sand flies. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic to clinically overt disease which can remain localized to the skin or disseminate to the upper oral and respiratory mucous membranes or throughout the reticulo-endothelial system. Three main clinical syndromes have been described: visceral (or Kala-Azar; with fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly), cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (cutaneous or mucocutaneous ulceration).
Disease Hierarchy
DIS57EB5: Protozoa infectious disease
DISGFCIX: Vector-borne disease
DISABTW7: Leishmaniasis
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 1F54
ICD-10
ICD-10: B55, B55.9
Expand ICD-11
'1F54
Expand ICD-10
'B55; 'B55.9
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0011989
MESH ID
D007896
UMLS CUI
C0023281
MedGen ID
9714
Orphanet ID
507
SNOMED CT ID
80612004

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Amphotericin B DMTAJQE Approved Small molecular drug [1]
Miltefosine DMND304 Approved Small molecular drug [2]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Sodium stibogluconate DMH5MVE Phase 2 NA [3]
GSK3186899 DMJAVN7 Phase 1 Small molecular drug [4]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 18 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
PABPC1 TTHC8EF Disputed Biomarker [5]
ARG1 TT7ZQEV Strong Altered Expression [6]
CRP TTWRN6M Strong Biomarker [7]
IFNG TT93WF5 Strong Biomarker [8]
IL18 TTRICUF Strong Biomarker [9]
MCL1 TTL53M6 Strong Biomarker [10]
TNF TTF8CQI Strong Altered Expression [11]
TNFRSF18 TTG6LA7 Strong Biomarker [12]
CD160 TTOFEAS Definitive Biomarker [13]
CPB1 TT4UJX5 Definitive Biomarker [14]
CYP51A1 TT67TDP Definitive Biomarker [15]
DCLK3 TTMYK4Z Definitive Biomarker [16]
FECH TTQ6VF4 Definitive Biomarker [17]
IL32 TTD4G7L Definitive Biomarker [18]
MAP3K10 TT9FN4J Definitive Biomarker [19]
PDXP TT9UYG4 Definitive Biomarker [20]
SLC1A5 TTF7WRM Definitive Altered Expression [21]
SLC1A7 TTK41DM Definitive Altered Expression [21]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 18 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 2 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC11A1 DT650XW Strong Genetic Variation [22]
SLC7A6 DTTBSQG Definitive Biomarker [23]
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This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ALDH1A2 DEKN1H4 Definitive Biomarker [24]
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This Disease Is Related to 29 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
FCN2 OTTHJBKZ Limited Biomarker [25]
GTF3C1 OT7JK0RG Limited Altered Expression [26]
HM13 OTGEO1LP Limited Biomarker [27]
IL12RB1 OTM1IJO2 Limited Biomarker [28]
LMLN OTQF0JPY Limited Biomarker [29]
ATP2A3 OTFYDEES Disputed Biomarker [30]
ATP2B4 OTMWFDAC Disputed Biomarker [30]
DDT OTF5HTYL Disputed Biomarker [31]
DPAGT1 OTYEJAGZ Disputed Biomarker [32]
HSPA4 OT5HR0AR Disputed Biomarker [33]
MAPK4 OTVWWUYS Disputed Biomarker [34]
PNOC OTJEAADN Disputed Genetic Variation [35]
POLR1A OTDWI0TG Disputed Biomarker [36]
RPA1 OT76POLP Disputed Biomarker [36]
TOLLIP OTYEO4NR Disputed Genetic Variation [37]
CD244 OTSMR85N Definitive Biomarker [13]
DUSP4 OT6WAO12 Definitive Biomarker [38]
EEF2 OTZ7SZ39 Definitive Biomarker [39]
EIF2B1 OT4NCVY1 Definitive Biomarker [40]
EIF2B2 OTQQMHM1 Definitive Biomarker [40]
EIF2B4 OTTM5SX1 Definitive Biomarker [40]
EIF2S2 OTXF0B09 Definitive Biomarker [40]
H6PD OTO7TNDD Definitive Altered Expression [41]
LRBA OTOUZN9G Definitive Biomarker [42]
MPG OTAHW80B Definitive Biomarker [43]
MPST OTCDPH5D Definitive Biomarker [19]
MSTO1 OT37XCNP Definitive Biomarker [19]
PLP1 OT8CM9CX Definitive Biomarker [20]
PSG5 OTHTU98X Definitive Biomarker [44]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 29 DOT(s)

References

1 Amphotericin B FDA Label
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3 Leishmaniasis in Norway. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2021 Feb 22;141(3).
4 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03874234) Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics (PKs) Investigation of GSK3186899 in Healthy Subjects. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
5 Coadministration of the Three Antigenic Leishmania infantum Poly (A) Binding Proteins as a DNA Vaccine Induces Protection against Leishmania major Infection in BALB/c Mice.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May 8;9(5):e0003751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003751. eCollection 2015 May.
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7 Circulating nitric oxide and C-reactive protein levels in Indian kala azar patients: correlation with clinical outcome.Clin Immunol. 2007 Mar;122(3):343-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.11.008. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
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9 Effects of trans-stilbene and terphenyl compounds on different strains of Leishmania and on cytokines production from infected macrophages.Exp Parasitol. 2018 Jan;184:31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Nov 14.
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12 Therapeutic glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-mediated amplification of CD4+ T cell responses enhances antiparasitic immunity.J Immunol. 2010 Mar 1;184(5):2583-92. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903080. Epub 2010 Feb 5.
13 Phenotypic and Functional Profiles of Antigen-Specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cells Associated With Infection Control in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Nov 19;8:393. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00393. eCollection 2018.
14 Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase B from Leishmania braziliensis and Its Domains: Promising Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs.J Clin Microbiol. 2019 Oct 23;57(11):e00819-19. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00819-19. Print 2019 Nov.
15 Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sterol 14-Demethylase and Sterol C24-Methyltransferase Inhibitors.Molecules. 2018 Jul 17;23(7):1753. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071753.
16 Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with Leishmania major Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development.Front Immunol. 2018 Feb 26;9:263. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00263. eCollection 2018.
17 Heme synthesis through the life cycle of the heme auxotrophic parasite Leishmania major.FASEB J. 2019 Dec;33(12):13367-13385. doi: 10.1096/fj.201901274RR. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
18 -Glucan-Induced Trained Immunity Protects against Leishmania braziliensis Infection: a Crucial Role for IL-32.Cell Rep. 2019 Sep 3;28(10):2659-2672.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.004.
19 Effectiveness of an immunohistochemical protocol for Leishmania detection in different clinical forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.Parasitol Int. 2017 Feb;66(1):884-888. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Oct 8.
20 Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibition: A Strategy to Combat Various Diseases.Mini Rev Med Chem. 2018;18(12):1008-1021. doi: 10.2174/1389557517666170927130526.
21 The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids exhibit in-vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: a new perspective for use of these schistosomicidal agents.J Pharm Pharmacol. 2019 Dec;71(12):1784-1791. doi: 10.1111/jphp.13163. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
22 Susceptibility to leishmaniasis is affected by host SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitol Res. 2019 Aug;118(8):2329-2342. doi: 10.1007/s00436-019-06374-y. Epub 2019 Jun 23.
23 Amino acid permease 3 (aap3) coding sequence as a target for Leishmania identification and diagnosis of leishmaniases using high resolution melting analysis.Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jul 16;11(1):421. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2989-z.
24 Leishmania donovani reduces the levels of retinoic acid-synthesizing enzymes in infected macrophages and favoring its own survival.Parasitol Res. 2019 Jan;118(1):63-71. doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-6115-0. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
25 IL12 p35 and p40 subunit genes administered as pPAL plasmid constructs do not improve protection of pPAL-LACK vaccine against canine leishmaniasis.PLoS One. 2019 Feb 22;14(2):e0212136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212136. eCollection 2019.
26 Mechanism of down-regulation of RNA polymerase III-transcribed non-coding RNA genes in macrophages by Leishmania.J Biol Chem. 2011 Feb 25;286(8):6614-26. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.181735. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
27 Understanding serine proteases implications on Leishmania spp lifecycle.Exp Parasitol. 2018 Jan;184:67-81. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.008. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
28 A case of interleukin-12 receptor beta-1 deficiency with recurrent leishmaniasis.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Apr;26(4):366-8. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000258696.64507.0f.
29 Extracellular release of virulence factor major surface protease via exosomes in Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jun 19;11(1):355. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2937-y.
30 Regulation of PKC mediated signaling by calcium during visceral leishmaniasis.PLoS One. 2014 Oct 17;9(10):e110843. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110843. eCollection 2014.
31 Global trends in the production and use of DDT for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases.Malar J. 2017 Oct 5;16(1):401. doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-2050-2.
32 Identification and phylogenetic relationship of Iranian strains of various Leishmania species isolated from cutaneous and visceral cases of leishmaniasis based on N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene.Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Aug;26:203-12. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.026. Epub 2014 Jun 7.
33 Identification of Leishmania (Viannia) species and clinical isolates of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis from Brazil using PCR-RFLP of the heat-shock protein 70 gene reveals some unexpected observations.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;91(4):312-318. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
34 Linear B-cell epitope mapping of MAPK3 and MAPK4 from Leishmania braziliensis: implications for the serodiagnosis of human and canine leishmaniasis.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Feb;99(3):1323-36. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-6168-7. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
35 Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Paran State, Brazil.Acta Trop. 2015 Mar;143:8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
36 Leishmania braziliensis replication protein A subunit 1: molecular modelling, protein expression and analysis of its affinity for both DNA and RNA.Parasit Vectors. 2014 Dec 12;7:573. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0573-8.
37 Polymorphisms in the TOLLIP Gene Influence Susceptibility to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania guyanensis in the Amazonas State of Brazil.PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jun 24;9(6):e0003875. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003875. eCollection 2015.
38 Immunomodulation of dual specificity phosphatase 4 during visceral leishmaniasis.Microbes Infect. 2018 Feb;20(2):111-121. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.10.009. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
39 Induction of protective cellular immune responses against experimental visceral leishmaniasis mediated by dendritic cells pulsed with the N-terminal domain of Leishmania infantum elongation factor-2 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.Mol Immunol. 2018 Nov;103:7-20. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
40 Analysis of the Antigenic and Prophylactic Properties of the Leishmania Translation Initiation Factors eIF2 and eIF2B in Natural and Experimental Leishmaniasis.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Apr 5;8:112. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00112. eCollection 2018.
41 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity can modulate macrophage response to Leishmania major infection.Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Apr;69:178-183. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.028. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
42 Leishmaniasis and Autoimmunity in Patient with LPS-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Protein (LRBA) Deficiency.Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(3):479-484. doi: 10.2174/1871530319666190807161546.
43 Encapsulation of the HSP-90 Chaperone Inhibitor 17-AAG in Stable Liposome Allow Increasing the Therapeutic Index as Assessed, in vitro, on Leishmania (L) amazonensis Amastigotes-Hosted in Mouse CBA Macrophages.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Aug 30;8:303. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00303. eCollection 2018.
44 Promastigote secretory gel from natural and unnatural sand fly vectors exacerbate Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.Parasitology. 2019 Dec;146(14):1796-1802. doi: 10.1017/S0031182019001069. Epub 2019 Aug 29.