Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISJYP9B)

• Disease Name: Pulmonary embolism
• Synonyms: pulmonary embolism; embolism, pulmonary; pulmonary artery embolism; pulmonary embolus; pulmonary embolism (disease)
• Disease Class: BB00: Pulmonary thromboembolism
• Definition: The obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus, sometimes associated with infarction of the lung.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISLG4XS: Arterial disorder
  DISJYP9B: Pulmonary embolism
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: BB00
  ICD-10: ICD-10: I26, I26.0
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0005279
  MESH ID: D011655
  UMLS CUI: C0034065
  MedGen ID: 11027
  HPO ID: HP:0002204
  SNOMED CT ID: 59282003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 6 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Alteplase	DMRJ3YX	Approved	NA	[1]
Fibrinogen	DMYGOFV	Approved	NA	[2]
Phenindione	DM2PYNR	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Streptokinase	DM5JQ0D	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Tenecteplase	DMJYN25	Approved	NA	[5]
Urokinase	DM0GOUD	Approved	NA	[6]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Drugs in Phase 2 Trial

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Heparin	DM4ZP3W	Phase 2/3 Trial	Small molecular drug	[7]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Ioforminol	DMUGRS8	Phase 2	NA	[8]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 23 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CAT	TTPS279	Limited	Therapeutic	[9]
EPO	TTQG4NR	Limited	Biomarker	[10]
F13A1	TTXI2RA	Limited	Altered Expression	[11]
F5	TT1O264	Limited	Genetic Variation	[12]
PLAT	TTXAGYU	Limited	Therapeutic	[13]
PLAU	TTGY7WI	Limited	Biomarker	[14]
TBXA2R	TT2O84V	Limited	Biomarker	[15]
THBD	TTAPV67	Limited	Biomarker	[16]
XDH	TT7RJY8	Limited	Biomarker	[9]
CCN2	TTIL516	Strong	Biomarker	[17]
CPB2	TTP18AY	Strong	Genetic Variation	[18]
CX3CL1	TT1OFBQ	Strong	Therapeutic	[19]
CX3CR1	TT2T98G	Strong	Therapeutic	[19]
EDN1	TTJR60Z	Strong	ModifyingMutation	[20]
F2	TT6L509	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]
FGG	TTR31L7	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
HP	TTLC8E1	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
KLKB1	TTN0PCX	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
MTHFR	TTQWOU1	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
NPPB	TTY63XT	Strong	Altered Expression	[24]
TBXAS1	TTKNWZ4	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
VCAM1	TTHCEF6	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
MERTK	TTO7LKR	Definitive	Therapeutic	[27]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC44A2	DTSF91X	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ABO	DESIA7R	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]

This Disease Is Related to 7 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
DAB2IP	OTF456VC	Limited	Biomarker	[28]
COX7A2L	OTY21FKV	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]
FGA	OTMIHY80	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
FGB	OT6RKLI9	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
FUNDC2	OTY3TQM5	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]
PROCR	OTRHED17	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]
TSPAN15	OTNQXXIG	Strong	Genetic Variation	[12]

References

• [1] Emerging drugs in peripheral arterial disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 Mar;11(1):75-90.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6749).
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6838).
• [4] Emerging drugs for chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2008 Sep;13(3):511-22.
• [5] Fibrinolysis for patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 10;370(15):1402-11.
• [6] Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Thrombolytic Agents for Pulmonary Embolism: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Pharmacology. 2023;108(2):111-126.
• [7] Heparin FDA Label
• [8] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01252810) Safety Study of GE-145 320 mg I/mL Injection vs. Iopamidol 370 mg I/mL in Elderly Subjects Undergoing Coronary Procedure. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [9] Role of free radicals in pulmonary thromboembolism in mice.Thromb Res. 1989 Sep 1;55(5):549-57. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(89)90387-3.
• [10] Thromboembolic events in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome receiving thalidomide in combination with darbepoietin-alpha.Br J Haematol. 2003 Apr;121(1):101-3. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04252.x.
• [11] Role of blood coagulation factor XIII in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Correlation of factor XIII antigen levels with pulmonary occlusion rate, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and clot firmness.Thromb Haemost. 2003 Sep;90(3):434-8. doi: 10.1160/TH03-07-0031.
• [12] Genome-wide association analysis of self-reported events in 6135 individuals and 252 827 controls identifies 8 loci associated with thrombosis.Hum Mol Genet. 2016 May 1;25(9):1867-74. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddw037. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
• [13] Heparin induced thrombocytopenia and re-thrombosis associated with warfarin and fondaparinux in a child.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Sep;53(3):468-71. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22067.
• [14] Pulmonary embolism from pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis grafts: urokinase versus heparinized saline.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2000 Oct;11(9):1143-52. doi: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61355-4.
• [15] Effect of beraprost sodium, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on pulmonary thromboembolism in mice.Thromb Res. 1995 Jan 15;77(2):193-8. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(95)91625-u.
• [16] The first mutation identified in the thrombomodulin gene in a 45-year-old man presenting with thromboembolic disease.Blood. 1995 Jan 15;85(2):330-6.
• [17] Transcriptional changes in right ventricular tissues are enriched in the outflow tract compared with the apex during chronic pulmonary embolism in rats.Physiol Genomics. 2009 Sep 9;39(1):61-71. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00076.2009. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
• [18] Frequency of the TAFI -438 G/A and factor XIIIA Val34Leu polymorphisms in patients with objectively proven pulmonary embolism.Thromb Haemost. 2003 Sep;90(3):439-45. doi: 10.1160/TH03-01-0035.
• [19] [Effects of aspirin on CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in acute pulmonary embolism rats].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Jan 1;93(1):69-72.
• [20] Gene expression of ANP, BNP and ET-1 in the heart of rats during pulmonary embolism.PLoS One. 2010 Jun 14;5(6):e11111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011111.
• [21] Proteomics of microparticles after experimental pulmonary embolism.Thromb Res. 2012 Jul;130(1):122-8. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.09.016. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
• [22] Reduced thrombosis in Klkb1-/- mice is mediated by increased Mas receptor, prostacyclin, Sirt1, and KLF4 and decreased tissue factor.Blood. 2015 Jan 22;125(4):710-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-550285. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
• [23] Acute anuric renal failure with streptokinase therapy in a patient with acute venous thromboembolic disease and the review of renal side effects of streptokinase. Tuberk Toraks. 2008;56(4):456-61.
• [24] N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide predicts the burden of pulmonary embolism.Am J Med Sci. 2009 Feb;337(2):88-92. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318182d33e.
• [25] Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis during polystyrene microsphere-induced pulmonary embolism in the rat.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Jun;284(6):L1072-81. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2002. Epub 2003 Mar 14.
• [26] Involvement of Rho kinase in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary embolism-induced polystyrene microspheres in rats.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):L297-303. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.90237.2008. Epub 2009 Nov 13.
• [27] Structural insights into the inhibited states of the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase.J Struct Biol. 2009 Feb;165(2):88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
• [28] Genome-wide association study identifies a sequence variant within the DAB2IP gene conferring susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm.Nat Genet. 2010 Aug;42(8):692-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.622. Epub 2010 Jul 11.