Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMNFUZR)

Drug Name
Enalapril Drug Info
Synonyms
Vasotec; Enalapril (INN); Enalapril (TN); N-{(1S)-1-[(ethyloxy)carbonyl]-3-phenylpropyl}-L-alanyl-L-proline; N-[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]-L-alanyl-L-proline; (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino]propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [1]
Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [2]
Malignant essential hypertension BA00 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Antihypertensive Agents
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5388962
ChEBI ID
CHEMBL578
CAS Number
CAS 75847-73-3
TTD Drug ID
DMNFUZR
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00010
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0573
ACDINA Drug ID
D00229

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Download the Complete Related Drug List
Drug(s) Targeting Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Spirapril DM5XLTY Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [16]
Captopril DM458UM Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [17]
Benazepril DMH1M9B Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [18]
Moexipril DM26E4B Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [19]
Ramipril DM2R68E Acute heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [20]
Perindopril DMOPZDT Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [21]
Trandolapril DM4L6EU Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [22]
Fosinopril DM9NJ52 Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [23]
Lisinopril DMUOK4C Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [24]
Enalaprilat DMFYAM1 Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [25]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [26]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [27]
Folic Acid DMEMBJC Colorectal carcinoma Approved [28]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [29]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [30]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [31]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [32]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [33]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [34]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [35]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [36]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [37]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [38]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [39]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [38]
Pravastatin DM6A0X7 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Approved [40]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [41]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [42]
Cerivastatin DMXCM7H Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Approved [43]
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM DM1UJO0 Dyslipidemia 5C80-5C81 Approved [40]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [44]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [45]
Ampicillin DMHWE7P Acute epiglottitis Approved [46]
Losartan DM72JXH Diabetic kidney disease GB61.Z Approved [47]
Cefazolin DMPDYFR Bacteremia 1A73 Approved [48]
Ceftriaxone DMCEW64 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [49]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Acute adrenal insufficiency Approved [45]
Cefadroxil DMMC345 Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [47]
Irbesartan DMTP1DC Diabetic kidney disease GB61.Z Approved [47]
Valsartan DMREUQ6 Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [47]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Peptide transporter 2 (SLC15A2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [44]
Ampicillin DMHWE7P Acute epiglottitis Approved [50]
Entecavir DM7VTQO Hepatitis B virus infection 1E51.0 Approved [51]
Cefadroxil DMMC345 Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [52]
Cephalexin DMD5JU8 Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [50]
Valaciclovir DMHKS94 Genital herpes 1A94 Approved [53]
Cefaclor DMJXDGC Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [44]
Aminolevulinic acid hci DMS4BLQ Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [54]
Spirapril DM5XLTY Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [55]
Cefixime DMY60I8 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [50]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [56]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [57]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [58]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [59]
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM DM1UJO0 Dyslipidemia 5C80-5C81 Approved [60]
Rosuvastatin DMMIQ7G Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [61]
Saquinavir DMG814N Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [62]
Cholic Acid DM7OKQV Cholelithiasis DC11 Approved [63]
Liothyronine DM6IR3P Congenital hypothyroidism Approved [64]
Labetalol DMK8U72 Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [65]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [66]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [38]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [67]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [68]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [38]
Pravastatin DM6A0X7 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Approved [69]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [41]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [43]
Erythromycin DM4K7GQ Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [70]
Cerivastatin DMXCM7H Hyperlipidaemia 5C80 Approved [43]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [71]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [72]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [73]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [74]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [75]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [76]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [77]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [78]
Prasterone DM67VKL Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [72]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [79]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [80]
Candesartan DMRK8OT Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [81]
Salbutamol DMN9CWF Acute asthma CA23 Approved [82]
Methylphenidate DM7SJD6 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [83]
PSI-7977 DMLSUWZ HCV 1-6 infection 1E51 Approved [84]
Rufinamide DMWE60C Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [85]
Dexmethylphenidate DMUQE2A Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [86]
MK-4827 DMLYGH4 Ovarian cancer 2C73 Phase 3 [87]
Dabigatran etexilate DMRDZ4X Venous thromboembolism BD72 Phase 3 [88]
Pradaxa DM2ZYX9 Stroke 8B20 Phase 3 [89]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Dipeptidase (pepV)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Spirapril DM5XLTY Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [11]
Enalaprilat DMFYAM1 Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [11]
Drug(s) Affected By Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [90]
Bosentan DMIOGBU Pulmonary arterial hypertension BB01.0 Approved [91]
Repaglinide DM5SXUV Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [92]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [93]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [94]
Cholic Acid DM7OKQV Cholelithiasis DC11 Approved [95]
Ursodeoxycholic acid DMCUT21 Cholelithiasis DC11 Approved [95]
Hydroxyurea DMOQVU9 Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [96]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [97]
Aspirin DM672AH Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [98]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Renin (REN)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ranitidine DM0GUSX Gastric ulcer DA60 Approved [99]
Acebutolol DM0TI4U Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [100]
Nitrendipine DM21C09 Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [101]
Reboxetine DM26PRD Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [102]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [103]
Ramipril DM2R68E Acute heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [104]
Rhucin DM3ADGP Erectile dysfunction HA01.1 Approved [105]
Naloxone DM3FXMA Narcotic depression 6A7Z Approved [106]
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Acute asthma CA23 Approved [107]
Chlorthalidone DM4DMBT Edema MG29 Approved [108]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [109]
Spironolactone DM2AQ5N Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [110]
Naloxone DM3FXMA Narcotic depression 6A7Z Approved [111]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [112]
Cilazapril DM4V6JA Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [113]
Lisinopril DMUOK4C Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [114]
Irbesartan DMTP1DC Diabetic kidney disease GB61.Z Approved [115]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [116]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [117]
Hydrocortisone DMGEMB7 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [118]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [119]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [120]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [121]
Glutathione DMAHMT9 Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [122]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [123]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [124]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [125]
Aspirin DM672AH Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [126]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [127]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [128]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas
Download the Complete Interaction Atlas for Visualization in Cytoscape

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) TTL69WB ACE_HUMAN Inhibitor [3]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Peptide transporter 2 (SLC15A2) DT8QKNP S15A2_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1) DT9G7XN S15A1_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) DTFI42L MRP2_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2) DTE2B1D SO1A2_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1) DT3D8F0 SO1B1_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3) DT9C1TS SO1B3_HUMAN Substrate [6]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) DEB30C5 EST1_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Dipeptidase (pepV) DEQMBHW Q84BU9_LACLH Substrate [11]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4) OTO27PAL MRP4_HUMAN Regulation of Drug Effects [12]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA) OTMQNTNX ANF_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [13]
Renin (REN) OT52GZR2 RENI_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) OTNEN8QK SO1B1_HUMAN Regulation of Drug Effects [15]

References

1 Enalapril FDA Label
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6322).
3 Determination of bezafibrate, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, orlistat and enalapril in waste and surface waters using on-line solid-phase extracti... J Environ Monit. 2009 Apr;11(4):830-8.
4 Ethanol inhibits functional activity of the human intestinal dipeptide transporter hPepT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 May;32(5):777-84.
5 The intestinal H+/peptide symporter PEPT1: structure-affinity relationships. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2004 Jan;21(1):53-60.
6 Vectorial transport of enalapril by Oatp1a1/Mrp2 and OATP1B1 and OATP1B3/MRP2 in rat and human livers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):395-402.
7 Uptake of enalapril and expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1 in zonal, isolated rat hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Jul;28(7):801-6.
8 The modified dipeptide, enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, is transported by the rat liver organic anion transport protein. Hepatology. 1998 Nov;28(5):1341-6.
9 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
10 Absorption and cleavage of enalapril, a carboxyl ester prodrug, in the rat intestine: in vitro, in situ intestinal perfusion and portal vein cannulation models. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2015 Sep;36(6):385-397.
11 Characterization and kinetic analysis of enzyme-substrate recognition by three recombinant lactococcal PepVs. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006 Oct 15;454(2):137-45.
12 Multichannel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry cocktail method for comprehensive substrate characterization of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 transporter. Pharm Res. 2007 Dec;24(12):2281-96.
13 The effect of early converting enzyme inhibition on neurohumoral activation in acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 1993 Nov;42(1):37-45. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(93)90100-u.
14 A nonpeptide, piperidine renin inhibitor provides renal and cardiac protection in double-transgenic mice expressing human renin and angiotensinogen genes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008 Dec;22(6):469-78. doi: 10.1007/s10557-008-6131-x. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
15 Effect of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) polymorphism on the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of enalapril in healthy Chinese adult men. Clin Ther. 2011 May;33(5):655-63. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.04.018.
16 Central angiotensin II controls alcohol consumption via its AT1 receptor. FASEB J. 2005 Sep;19(11):1474-81.
17 Using ACE inhibitors appropriately. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Aug 1;66(3):461-8.
18 Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Intern Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;23(5):977-83.
19 Moexipril for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis in patients with an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid. Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Feb;55(2):476-83.
20 Knockouts model the 100 best-selling drugs--will they model the next 100 Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Jan;2(1):38-51.
21 Fixed combination perindopril-amlodipine (Coveram) in the treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Rev Med Liege. 2009 Apr;64(4):223-7.
22 Selective reduction of central pulse pressure under angiotensin blockage in SHR: role of the fibronectin-alpha5beta1 integrin complex. Am J Hypertens. 2009 Jul;22(7):711-7.
23 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and novel cardiovascular risk biomarkers: results from the Trial of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors (TRAIN) study. Am Heart J. 2009 Feb;157(2):334.e1-8.
24 Involvement of vascular angiotensin II-forming enzymes in the progression of aortic abdominal aneurysms in angiotensin II- infused ApoE-deficient m... J Atheroscler Thromb. 2009 Jun;16(3):164-71.
25 Analysis of Vancomycin in the Hindlimb Vascular Bed of the Rat. Am J Ther. 1996 Oct;3(10):681-687.
26 Involvement of the drug transporters p glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein Mrp2 in telithromycin transport. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jan;50(1):80-7.
27 Dose-dependent disposition of methotrexate in Abcc2 and Abcc3 gene knockout murine models. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Nov;39(11):2155-61.
28 Mammalian multidrug-resistance proteins (MRPs). Essays Biochem. 2011 Sep 7;50(1):179-207.
29 Enhancing chemosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma by lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interference targeting EGFR and MRP2. Oncol Lett. 2016 Sep;12(3):2107-2114.
30 Multidrug resistance associated protein 2 mediates transport of prostaglandin E2. Liver Int. 2006 Apr;26(3):362-8.
31 Lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing targeting ABCC2 increasing the sensitivity of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line against cisplatin. J Transl Med. 2008 Oct 4;6:55.
32 Effect of acetaminophen on expression and activity of rat liver multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 15;68(4):791-8.
33 Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G371-7.
34 Delineating the contribution of secretory transporters in the efflux of etoposide using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):457-63.
35 Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 (MRP2) Mediated Transport of Oxaliplatin-Derived Platinum in Membrane Vesicles. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 1;10(7):e0130727.
36 Preclinical Mouse Models To Study Human OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo. Mol Pharm. 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4259-69.
37 Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1: a genetically polymorphic transporter of major importance for hepatic drug uptake. Pharmacol Rev. 2011 Mar;63(1):157-81.
38 Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
39 Identification of drugs and drug metabolites as substrates of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) using triple-transfected MDCK-OATP1B1-UGT1A1-MRP2 cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;165(6):1836-1847.
40 The effect of SLCO1B1*15 on the disposition of pravastatin and pitavastatin is substrate dependent: the contribution of transporting activity changes by SLCO1B1*15. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2008 May;18(5):424-33.
41 Influence of SLCO1B1, 1B3, 2B1 and ABCC2 genetic polymorphisms on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;63(12):1161-9.
42 Rifampicin alters atorvastatin plasma concentration on the basis of SLCO1B1 521T>C polymorphism. Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Jul;405(1-2):49-52.
43 FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions
44 Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55.
45 Peptide transporter substrate identification during permeability screening in drug discovery: comparison of transfected MDCK-hPepT1 cells to Caco-2 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2007 Apr;30(4):507-18.
46 Several hPepT1-transported drugs are substrates of the Escherichia coli proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter YdgR. Res Microbiol. 2017 Jun;168(5):443-449.
47 High-affinity interaction of sartans with H+/peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):143-9.
48 Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides as substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1. J Med Chem. 2005 Jun 30;48(13):4410-9.
49 Intestinal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics: analysis of the affinity at the H+/peptide symporter (PEPT1), the uptake into Caco-2 cell monolayers and the transepithelial flux. Pharm Res. 1999 Jan;16(1):55-61.
50 Transport characteristics of a novel peptide transporter 1 substrate, antihypotensive drug midodrine, and its amino acid derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):455-60.
51 The oligopeptide transporter 2-mediated reabsorption of entecavir in rat kidney. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014 Feb 14;52:41-7.
52 Species Differences in Human and Rodent PEPT2-Mediated Transport of Glycylsarcosine and Cefadroxil in Pichia Pastoris Transformants. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Feb;45(2):130-136.
53 Valacyclovir: a substrate for the intestinal and renal peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 19;246(2):470-5.
54 PEPT2-mediated transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and carnosine in astrocytes. Brain Res. 2006 Nov 29;1122(1):18-23.
55 Transport of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors by H+/peptide transporters revisited. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Nov;327(2):432-41.
56 Interaction of methotrexate with organic-anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 and its genetic variants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Aug;318(2):521-9.
57 Localization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 4 (Oatp4) in rat liver and comparison of its substrate specificity with Oatp1, Oatp2 and Oatp3. Pflugers Arch. 2001 Nov;443(2):188-95.
58 Environmental and genetic factors affecting transport of imatinib by OATP1A2. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Jun;89(6):816-20.
59 Influence of the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin on the function of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1A2 and 2B1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Dec 1;80(11):1746-53.
60 Transporter-mediated influx and efflux mechanisms of pitavastatin, a new inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;57(10):1305-11.
61 Drug and bile acid transporters in rosuvastatin hepatic uptake: function, expression, and pharmacogenetics. Gastroenterology. 2006 May;130(6):1793-806.
62 Human organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP-A (SLC21A3) acts in concert with P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 2 in the vectorial transport of Saquinavir in Hep G2 cells. Mol Pharm. 2004 Jan 12;1(1):49-56.
63 Molecular and functional characterization of an organic anion transporting polypeptide cloned from human liver. Gastroenterology. 1995 Oct;109(4):1274-82.
64 Identification of thyroid hormone transporters in humans: different molecules are involved in a tissue-specific manner. Endocrinology. 2001 May;142(5):2005-12.
65 Involvement of influx and efflux transport systems in gastrointestinal absorption of celiprolol. J Pharm Sci. 2009 Jul;98(7):2529-39.
66 LST-2, a human liver-specific organic anion transporter, determines methotrexate sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jun;120(7):1689-99.
67 Effect of pregnane X receptor ligands on transport mediated by human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr 14;584(1):57-65.
68 Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated drug transport. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Jun;39(6):1047-53.
69 Relevance of conserved lysine and arginine residues in transmembrane helices for the transport activity of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 1;159(3):698-708.
70 Impact of OATP transporters on pharmacokinetics. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(3):693-705.
71 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
72 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
73 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
74 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
75 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
76 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
77 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
78 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
79 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
80 Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38: review of bioanalytical methods and recent update from clinical pharmacology perspectives. Biomed Chromatogr. 2010 Jan;24(1):104-23.
81 Different hydrolases involved in bioactivation of prodrug-type angiotensin receptor blockers: carboxymethylenebutenolidase and carboxylesterase 1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Nov;41(11):1888-95.
82 Effect of carboxylesterase 1 c.428G>A single nucleotide variation on the pharmacokinetics of quinapril and enalapril. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Nov;80(5):1131-8.
83 Methylphenidate is stereoselectively hydrolyzed by human carboxylesterase CES1A1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Aug;310(2):469-76.
84 Mechanism of activation of PSI-7851 and its diastereoisomer PSI-7977. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 5;285(45):34337-47.
85 Investigation of the metabolism of rufinamide and its interaction with valproate. Drug Metab Lett. 2011 Dec;5(4):280-9.
86 Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2006 Dec;2(4):467-73.
87 Summary of FDA-approved anticancer cytotoxic drugs at May 2019.
88 Pharmacogenomics of novel direct oral anticoagulants: newly identified genes and genetic variants. J Pers Med. 2019 Jan 17;9(1). pii: E7.
89 Conventional liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry based metabolite identification and semi-quantitative estimation approach in the investigation of in vitro dabigatran etexilate metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013 Feb;405(5):1695-704.
90 Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):537-46.
91 Omics-based responses induced by bosentan in human hepatoma HepaRG cell cultures. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jun;92(6):1939-1952.
92 Polymorphic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 is a major determinant of repaglinide pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jun;77(6):468-78. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.018.
93 SLC19A1, SLC46A1 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms as predictors of methotrexate-related toxicity in Portuguese rheumatoid arthritis patients. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Nov;142(1):196-209. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu162. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
94 SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy--a genomewide study. N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug 21;359(8):789-99.
95 Transport of fluorescent chenodeoxycholic acid via the human organic anion transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. J Lipid Res. 2006 Jun;47(6):1196-202.
96 Transcellular movement of hydroxyurea is mediated by specific solute carrier transporters. Exp Hematol. 2011 Apr;39(4):446-56.
97 Severe toxicities after irinotecan-based chemotherapy in a patient with lung cancer: a homozygote for the SLCO1B1*15 allele. Ther Drug Monit. 2007 Oct;29(5):666-8. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181357364.
98 Germline genetic variation in an organic anion transporter polypeptide associated with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 10;27(35):5972-8.
99 Effects of histamine H2-receptor blockade on the cardiovascular reflex response to lower-body negative pressure in man. Acta Physiol Scand. 1990 May;139(1):161-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08909.x.
100 Addition of acebutolol to diuretics in hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981 Dec;30(6):739-44. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1981.232.
101 Relative potency of a beta-blocking and a calcium entry blocking agent as antihypertensive drugs in black patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;29(5):523-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00635887.
102 Influences of norepinephrine transporter function on the distribution of sympathetic activity in humans. Hypertension. 2006 Jul;48(1):120-6. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000225424.13138.5d. Epub 2006 May 22.
103 Effects of sulindac and naproxen on prostaglandin excretion in patients with impaired renal function and rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 1990 Sep;89(3):313-21. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90344-d.
104 Effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on intracranial circulation in healthy volunteers. off. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;34(3):224-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04128.x.
105 Inhibition of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 reduces sodium excretion and arterial blood pressure in patients with NaCl retention and ascites. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005 May;288(5):F1044-52. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00142.2004. Epub 2004 Dec 21.
106 beta-Endorphin and essential hypertension: importance of the clonidine-naloxone interaction. Acta Physiol Hung. 1985;65(2):217-26.
107 Hypokalemia from beta2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine. N Engl J Med. 1983 Dec 8;309(23):1414-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198312083092303.
108 Detection of low-renin hypertension; evaluation of out-patient renin-stimulating methods. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1975 Feb;48(2):91-6. doi: 10.1042/cs0480091.
109 Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels in essential hypertension after treatment with verapamil. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002 Jan-Mar;27(1):45-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03190404.
110 Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Apr;37(5):1228-33. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01116-0.
111 Opioid peptides attenuate blood pressure increase in acute respiratory failure. Peptides. 2001 Apr;22(4):631-7. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00373-4.
112 Atrial-like Engineered Heart Tissue: An In?Vitro Model of the Human Atrium. Stem Cell Reports. 2018 Dec 11;11(6):1378-1390. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.008. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
113 Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium antagonists on atrial natriuretic peptide release and action and on albumin excretion rate in hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Hypertens. 1992 Nov;5(11):837-46. doi: 10.1093/ajh/5.11.837.
114 Effects of lisinopril on cardiorespiratory, neuroendocrine, and renal function in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Br Heart J. 1993 Jun;69(6):512-5. doi: 10.1136/hrt.69.6.512.
115 Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in essential hypertension after treatment with irbesartan. Blood Press. 2002;11(2):91-4. doi: 10.1080/08037050211263.
116 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits human ANP gene promoter activity. Regul Pept. 2005 Jun 30;128(3):197-202. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.12.030.
117 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
118 Experimental studies on cortisol-induced hypertension in humans. J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Jun;9(6):395-9.
119 Methotrexate normalizes up-regulated folate pathway genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Nov;65(11):2791-802.
120 Activation of beta-catenin signalling by GSK-3 inhibition increases p-glycoprotein expression in brain endothelial cells. J Neurochem. 2008 Aug;106(4):1855-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05537.x. Epub 2008 Jul 4.
121 ATP binding cassette multidrug transporters limit the anti-HIV activity of zidovudine and indinavir in infected human macrophages. Antivir Ther. 2004 Aug;9(4):519-28.
122 Selenium-dependent and -independent transport of arsenic by the human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2): implications for the mutual detoxification of arsenic and selenium. Carcinogenesis. 2010 Aug;31(8):1450-5. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgq125. Epub 2010 Jun 27.
123 Development of a neural teratogenicity test based on human embryonic stem cells: response to retinoic acid exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Dec;124(2):370-7.
124 Robustness testing and optimization of an adverse outcome pathway on cholestatic liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Apr;94(4):1151-1172. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02691-9. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
125 Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation affects expression and function of MRP4 (ABCC4), a transport protein for signaling molecules and drugs. Int J Cancer. 2009 May 15;124(10):2303-11. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24207.
126 Prolonged use of aspirin alters human and rat intestinal cells and thereby limits the absorption of clopidogrel. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Oct;90(4):612-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.163. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
127 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
128 Stem cell transcriptome responses and corresponding biomarkers that indicate the transition from adaptive responses to cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Apr 17;30(4):905-922.