Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS9SPWW)

Disease Name Osteochondrodysplasia
Synonyms skeletal dysplasia; cartilage development disorder; congenital anomaly of cartilage; osteochondrodysplasia; osteochondrodysplasia syndrome; congenital skeletal dysplasia
Definition A term referring to disorders characterized by abnormalities in the development of bones and cartilage.
Disease Hierarchy
DISVKAZS: Bone development disease
DIS9SPWW: Osteochondrodysplasia
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0005516
MESH ID
D010009
UMLS CUI
C0029422
MedGen ID
10495
SNOMED CT ID
105985007

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 23 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ALPL TTMR5UV Limited Altered Expression [1]
EBP TT4VQZX Limited Biomarker [2]
FGFR3 TTST7KB Limited Genetic Variation [3]
FLNA TTSTRZY Limited Genetic Variation [4]
FLT1 TT1VAUK Limited Biomarker [5]
GLB1 TTNGJPH Limited Biomarker [6]
KDR TTUTJGQ Limited Biomarker [5]
NAGLU TTDM6HZ Limited Genetic Variation [7]
NPR2 TTNB7IF Limited Genetic Variation [8]
TRPV4 TTKP2SU Limited Genetic Variation [9]
GALNS TTT9YPO moderate Biomarker [10]
GDF5 TT37XV9 moderate Genetic Variation [11]
TGFB2 TTI0KH6 moderate Biomarker [12]
TGFBR1 TTP4520 moderate Biomarker [12]
CTSK TTDZN01 Strong Biomarker [13]
DLL3 TT1C9K6 Strong Genetic Variation [14]
HSPG2 TT5UM29 Strong Genetic Variation [15]
LIFR TTID542 Strong Genetic Variation [16]
NEK1 TTO5QT2 Strong Genetic Variation [17]
PTH1R TTFPD47 Strong Genetic Variation [18]
RUNX2 TTD6SZ8 Strong Genetic Variation [19]
THRA TTTSEPU Strong Genetic Variation [20]
NPPC TTRK0B9 Definitive Biomarker [21]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 23 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 5 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC35A3 DTB930Q moderate Genetic Variation [22]
SLC10A7 DTG1RJO Strong Biomarker [23]
SLC13A1 DTIZEMV Strong Genetic Variation [24]
SLC26A2 DTFSLX5 Strong CausalMutation [25]
SLC35D1 DTJ5CF0 Strong Biomarker [26]
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This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ACP5 DESITDW Limited Genetic Variation [27]
CHST3 DEQIZP2 Limited Biomarker [28]
CYP26B1 DEZT8FM Limited Biomarker [7]
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This Disease Is Related to 49 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CCN6 OTRFHQ2Z Limited Genetic Variation [29]
CHST1 OT2GRC5R Limited Genetic Variation [30]
COL10A1 OTC4G2YC Limited Altered Expression [31]
COL2A1 OT5E59C8 Limited Genetic Variation [32]
EFTUD2 OT3X7QG2 Limited Biomarker [33]
FZD2 OT952ML1 Limited Genetic Variation [34]
GNPNAT1 OTOYH4L9 Limited Autosomal recessive [35]
LFNG OTPSUBN2 Limited Genetic Variation [36]
PAPSS2 OTDLEXPN Limited Biomarker [37]
PISD OTP9COQT Limited Biomarker [38]
RSPRY1 OT9MVWO0 Limited Biomarker [39]
B3GAT3 OTDSN5XF moderate Genetic Variation [40]
C2CD3 OTC52E7V moderate Genetic Variation [41]
DYM OTQ670WI moderate Genetic Variation [42]
FGD3 OTIH6283 moderate Biomarker [43]
GNPTAB OT2Z03OB moderate Genetic Variation [44]
GYPB OTESHUIX moderate Genetic Variation [45]
GYPE OTBHAG6A moderate Genetic Variation [45]
KIF22 OTY6X6BL moderate Biomarker [46]
MATN1 OTBRTCTQ moderate Genetic Variation [47]
NKX3-2 OTH4NRH7 moderate Biomarker [48]
SBDS OTHDCCIB moderate Genetic Variation [49]
SMARCAL1 OTTKXLUZ moderate Genetic Variation [50]
TRPS1 OT7XPPEL moderate Genetic Variation [51]
ACAN OTUOCW8K Strong Biomarker [52]
ADAMTSL2 OTAXNV2U Strong Biomarker [53]
AFF4 OTTL5Y8R Strong Genetic Variation [54]
ALG9 OT5V9PIR Strong Genetic Variation [55]
AMER1 OT8EFJPM Strong Genetic Variation [56]
COL11A1 OTB0DRMS Strong Genetic Variation [57]
COL9A1 OTWBR27Y Strong Biomarker [58]
COL9A2 OT1ZBDBV Strong Genetic Variation [59]
COMP OTS2FPMI Strong Genetic Variation [60]
CSGALNACT1 OTBML9D9 Strong Genetic Variation [61]
DDRGK1 OT3KCK0U Strong Altered Expression [62]
DMP1 OTBWBWW7 Strong Genetic Variation [63]
EXTL3 OT2BRUBN Strong Genetic Variation [64]
FLNB OTPCOYL6 Strong Genetic Variation [65]
GOLGB1 OT2S0GK8 Strong Altered Expression [52]
KIAA0753 OTMFT2I9 Strong Genetic Variation [66]
LEMD3 OTILAM4I Strong Genetic Variation [67]
MATN3 OTH9H74J Strong Genetic Variation [68]
SGMS2 OT3NHO99 Strong Genetic Variation [69]
SH3PXD2B OTAOMCDJ Strong Biomarker [70]
SHOX OTE0YZJO Strong Genetic Variation [71]
TAPT1 OT3Z51KH Strong Genetic Variation [72]
TRAPPC2 OTWL5H45 Strong Genetic Variation [73]
MAB21L2 OTZM5VMX Definitive Biomarker [74]
POP1 OTBIYMJ0 Definitive Genetic Variation [75]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 49 DOT(s)

References

1 Neonatal lethal osteochondrodysplasia with low serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Feb;90(2):1233-40. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0251. Epub 2004 Nov 23.
2 X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata with severe phenotype in a female fetus: A case report.Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jan;98(1):e13850. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013850.
3 Identification of a novel mutation in the FGFR3 gene in a Chinese family with Hypochondroplasia.Gene. 2018 Jan 30;641:355-360. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.062. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
4 A recurrent mutation causing Melnick-Needles syndrome in females confers a severe, lethal phenotype in males.Am J Med Genet A. 2018 Apr;176(4):980-984. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38651.
5 Thiram-induced changes in the expression of genes relating to vascularization and tibial dyschondroplasia.Poult Sci. 2007 Nov;86(11):2390-5. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00219.
6 Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, corneal clouding, normal intelligence and acid beta-galactosidase deficiency.Clin Genet. 1976 May;9(5):495-504. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1976.tb01603.x.
7 Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB and mild skeletal anomalies: coexistence of NAGLU and CYP26B1 missense variations in the same patient in a Chinese family.BMC Med Genet. 2018 Apr 2;19(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12881-018-0562-4.
8 Role of the natriuretic peptide system in normal growth and growth disorders.Horm Res Paediatr. 2014;82(4):222-9. doi: 10.1159/000365049. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
9 Metatropic dysplasia in third trimester of pregnancy and a novel causative variant in the TRPV4 gene.Eur J Med Genet. 2017 Jul;60(7):365-368. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
10 Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: correlation between genotype, phenotype and keratan sulfate levels.Mol Genet Metab. 2013 Sep-Oct;110(1-2):129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.008. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
11 Novel point mutations in GDF5 associated with two distinct limb malformations in Chinese: brachydactyly type C and proximal symphalangism. J Hum Genet. 2008;53(4):368-374. doi: 10.1007/s10038-008-0253-7. Epub 2008 Feb 19.
12 Inhibition of ALK5 signaling induces physeal dysplasia in rats.Toxicol Pathol. 2007 Feb;35(2):284-95. doi: 10.1080/01926230701198469.
13 The genetic basis of the osteochondrodysplasias.J Pediatr Orthop. 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):594-605. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200009000-00010.
14 Axial skeletal defects caused by mutation in the spondylocostal dysplasia/pudgy gene Dll3 are associated with disruption of the segmentation clock within the presomitic mesoderm.Development. 2002 Apr;129(7):1795-806. doi: 10.1242/dev.129.7.1795.
15 Structural and functional mutations of the perlecan gene cause Schwartz-Jampel syndrome, with myotonic myopathy and chondrodysplasia.Am J Hum Genet. 2002 May;70(5):1368-75. doi: 10.1086/340390. Epub 2002 Apr 8.
16 Non-truncating LIFR mutation: causal for prominent congenital pain insensitivity phenotype with progressive vertebral destruction?.Clin Genet. 2016 Feb;89(2):210-6. doi: 10.1111/cge.12657. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
17 NEK1 mutations cause short-rib polydactyly syndrome type majewski. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Jan 7;88(1):106-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.12.004.
18 Report of second case and clinical and molecular characterization of Eiken syndrome.Clin Genet. 2018 Nov;94(5):457-460. doi: 10.1111/cge.13413. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
19 Metabolomics profiling of cleidocranial dysplasia.Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Mar;23(3):1031-1040. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2496-9. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
20 Contrasting Phenotypes in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Alpha Correlate with Divergent Properties of Thyroid Hormone Receptor 1 Mutant Proteins.Thyroid. 2017 Jul;27(7):973-982. doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0157.
21 Exogenous C-type natriuretic peptide restores normal growth and prevents early growth plate closure in its deficient rats.PLoS One. 2018 Sep 20;13(9):e0204172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204172. eCollection 2018.
22 A human case of SLC35A3-related skeletal dysplasia.Am J Med Genet A. 2017 Oct;173(10):2758-2762. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38374. Epub 2017 Aug 4.
23 Integrating glycomics and genomics uncovers SLC10A7 as essential factor for bone mineralization by regulating post-Golgi protein transport and glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet. 2018 Sep 1;27(17):3029-3045. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy213.
24 Partial deletion of the sulfate transporter SLC13A1 is associated with an osteochondrodysplasia in the Miniature Poodle breed.PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51917. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051917. Epub 2012 Dec 26.
25 Pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: a 7-year comprehensive analysis of the known disease genes identify novel and recurrent mutations and provides an accurate assessment of their relative contribution.Hum Mutat. 2012 Jan;33(1):144-57. doi: 10.1002/humu.21611. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
26 Nucleotide-sugar transporter SLC35D1 is critical to chondroitin sulfate synthesis in cartilage and skeletal development in mouse and human. Nat Med. 2007 Nov;13(11):1363-7. doi: 10.1038/nm1655. Epub 2007 Oct 21.
27 Craniofacial anomalies associated with spondyloenchondrodysplasia: Two case reports.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec;97(50):e13644. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013644.
28 Whole exome sequencing detects CHST3 mutation in patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Sep;97(36):e12214. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012214.
29 Mutant WISP3 triggers the phenotype shift of articular chondrocytes by promoting sensitivity to IGF-1 hypothesis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy (SEDT-PA).Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(6):1406-10. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.046. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
30 Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Omani type: further definition of the phenotype.Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Sep 15;146A(18):2376-84. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32482.
31 Increased intracellular proteolysis reduces disease severity in an ER stress-associated dwarfism.J Clin Invest. 2017 Oct 2;127(10):3861-3865. doi: 10.1172/JCI93094. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
32 Recurrent c.G1636A (p.G546S) mutation of COL2A1 in a Chinese family with skeletal dysplasia and different metaphyseal changes: a case report.BMC Pediatr. 2017 Jul 24;17(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0930-9.
33 EFTUD2 gene deficiency disrupts osteoblast maturation and inhibits chondrocyte differentiation via activation of the p53 signaling pathway.Hum Genomics. 2019 Dec 5;13(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s40246-019-0238-y.
34 Nonsense mutations in FZD2 cause autosomal-dominant omodysplasia: Robinow syndrome-like phenotypes.Am J Med Genet A. 2018 Mar;176(3):739-742. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38623. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
35 Novel form of rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia associated with a homozygous variant in GNPNAT1. J Med Genet. 2021 May;58(5):351-356. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106929. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
36 Screening of known disease genes in congenital scoliosis.Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2018 Nov;6(6):966-974. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.466. Epub 2018 Sep 9.
37 Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthase: biochemistry, molecular biology and genetic deficiency.IUBMB Life. 2003 Jan;55(1):1-11. doi: 10.1080/1521654031000072148.
38 PISD is a mitochondrial disease gene causing skeletal dysplasia, cataracts, and white matter changes.Life Sci Alliance. 2019 Mar 11;2(2):e201900353. doi: 10.26508/lsa.201900353. Print 2019 Apr.
39 Further delineation of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Faden-Alkuraya type: A RSPRY1-associated spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with cono-brachydactyly and craniosynostosis.Am J Med Genet A. 2018 Sep;176(9):2009-2016. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40427. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
40 Skeletal dysplasia in a consanguineous clan from the island of Nias/Indonesia is caused by a novel mutation in B3GAT3.Hum Genet. 2015 Jul;134(7):691-704. doi: 10.1007/s00439-015-1549-2. Epub 2015 Apr 19.
41 Mutations in human C2CD3 cause skeletal dysplasia and provide new insights into phenotypic and cellular consequences of altered C2CD3 function.Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 20;6:24083. doi: 10.1038/srep24083.
42 Mental retardation and abnormal skeletal development (Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dysplasia) due to mutations in a novel, evolutionarily conserved gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Feb;72(2):419-28. doi: 10.1086/346176. Epub 2002 Dec 16.
43 Non-synonymous FGD3 Variant as Positional Candidate for Disproportional Tall Stature Accounting for a Carcass Weight QTL (CW-3) and Skeletal Dysplasia in Japanese Black Cattle.PLoS Genet. 2015 Aug 25;11(8):e1005433. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005433. eCollection 2015 Aug.
44 Prenatal skeletal dysplasia phenotype in severe MLII alpha/beta with novel GNPTAB mutation.Gene. 2014 Jun 1;542(2):266-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.053. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
45 Omphalocele and multiple severe congenital anomalies associated with osteodysplasty (Melnick-Needles syndrome).Am J Med Genet. 1982 Dec;13(4):453-63. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320130416.
46 Recurrent dominant mutations affecting two adjacent residues in the motor domain of the monomeric kinesin KIF22 result in skeletal dysplasia and joint laxity. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Dec 9;89(6):767-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.10.016.
47 Matrix composition of cartilaginous anlagen in achondrogenesis type II (Langer-Saldino).Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:446-53. doi: 10.2741/1540. Print 2005 Jan 1.
48 Sequence and chromosomal assignment of human BAPX1, a bagpipe-related gene, to 4p16.1: a candidate gene for skeletal dysplasia.Genomics. 1997 Oct 15;45(2):425-8. doi: 10.1006/geno.1997.4926.
49 The Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene mutations cause a neonatal form of spondylometaphysial dysplasia (SMD) resembling SMD Sedaghatian type.J Med Genet. 2007 Apr;44(4):e73. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2006.043869.
50 Chromatin changes in SMARCAL1 deficiency: A hypothesis for the gene expression alterations of Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia.Nucleus. 2016 Nov;7(6):560-571. doi: 10.1080/19491034.2016.1255835.
51 Uncoupling of chondrocyte differentiation and perichondrial mineralization underlies the skeletal dysplasia in tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome.Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Jul 15;17(14):2244-54. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn125. Epub 2008 Apr 17.
52 Giantin is required for coordinated production of aggrecan, link protein and type XI collagen during chondrogenesis.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 May 15;499(3):459-465. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.163. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
53 ADAMTSL2 mutations in geleophysic dysplasia demonstrate a role for ADAMTS-like proteins in TGF-beta bioavailability regulation. Nat Genet. 2008 Sep;40(9):1119-23. doi: 10.1038/ng.199.
54 Germline gain-of-function mutations in AFF4 cause a developmental syndrome functionally linking the super elongation complex and cohesin. Nat Genet. 2015 Apr;47(4):338-44. doi: 10.1038/ng.3229. Epub 2015 Mar 2.
55 A novel phenotype in N-glycosylation disorders: Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura skeletal dysplasia due to pathogenic variants in ALG9.Eur J Hum Genet. 2016 Feb;24(2):198-207. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.91. Epub 2015 May 13.
56 Germline mutations in WTX cause a sclerosing skeletal dysplasia but do not predispose to tumorigenesis. Nat Genet. 2009 Jan;41(1):95-100. doi: 10.1038/ng.270. Epub 2008 Dec 14.
57 A novel dominant COL11A1 mutation resulting in a severe skeletal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A. 2014 Oct;164A(10):2607-12. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36688. Epub 2014 Aug 4.
58 A new autosomal recessive form of Stickler syndrome is caused by a mutation in the COL9A1 gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Sep;79(3):449-57. doi: 10.1086/506478. Epub 2006 Jun 26.
59 Intrafamilial phenotypic diversity in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia associated with a COL9A2 mutation (EDM2).Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Jul;25(4):591-5. doi: 10.1007/s10067-005-0034-z. Epub 2006 Jan 27.
60 Exome sequencing revealed a p.G299R mutation in the COMP gene in an Iranian family suffering from pseudoachondroplasia.J Gene Med. 2019 Aug;21(8):e3103. doi: 10.1002/jgm.3103. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
61 CSGALNACT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation: A mild skeletal dysplasia with advanced bone age.Hum Mutat. 2020 Mar;41(3):655-667. doi: 10.1002/humu.23952. Epub 2019 Dec 3.
62 Loss of DDRGK1 modulates SOX9 ubiquitination in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. J Clin Invest. 2017 Apr 3;127(4):1475-1484. doi: 10.1172/JCI90193. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
63 Long-term clinical outcome and carrier phenotype in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia caused by a novel DMP1 mutation.J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Oct;25(10):2165-74. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.105.
64 Mutations in EXTL3 Cause Neuro-immuno-skeletal Dysplasia Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2017 Feb 2;100(2):281-296. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
65 Seven additional families with spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome with novel biallelic deleterious variants in FLNB.Clin Genet. 2018 Jul;94(1):159-164. doi: 10.1111/cge.13252. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
66 Novel KIAA0753 mutations extend the phenotype of skeletal ciliopathies.Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 14;7(1):15585. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15442-1.
67 Melorheostosis: Exome sequencing of an associated dermatosis implicates postzygotic mosaicism of mutated KRAS.Bone. 2017 Aug;101:145-155. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.010. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
68 Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia mutations in MATN3 cause misfolding of the A-domain and prevent secretion of mutant matrilin-3.Hum Mutat. 2005 Dec;26(6):557-65. doi: 10.1002/humu.20263.
69 Osteoporosis and skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in SGMS2. JCI Insight. 2019 Apr 4;4(7):e126180. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.126180. eCollection 2019 Apr 4.
70 Disruption of the podosome adaptor protein TKS4 (SH3PXD2B) causes the skeletal dysplasia, eye, and cardiac abnormalities of Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Feb 12;86(2):254-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.009. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
71 Retinoic acid catabolizing enzyme CYP26C1 is a genetic modifier in SHOX deficiency.EMBO Mol Med. 2016 Dec 1;8(12):1455-1469. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201606623. Print 2016 Dec.
72 Genetic Defects in TAPT1 Disrupt Ciliogenesis and Cause a Complex Lethal Osteochondrodysplasia. Am J Hum Genet. 2015 Oct 1;97(4):521-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Sep 10.
73 [Identification of a missense mutation in SEDL gene from a Chinese family with X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda].Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Feb;25(1):15-8.
74 Generation and characterization of pathogenic Mab21l2(R51C) mouse model.Genesis. 2018 Dec;56(11-12):e23261. doi: 10.1002/dvg.23261. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
75 Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of POP1-skeletal dysplasias: identification of POP1 mutations in a mild and severe skeletal dysplasia.Clin Genet. 2017 Jul;92(1):91-98. doi: 10.1111/cge.12964. Epub 2017 Feb 22.