General Information of Disease (ID: DISICMNI)

Disease Name Hypogonadism
Synonyms hypogonadotropism; gonadotropin deficiency
Disease Class 5A60-5A61: Pituitary gland disorder
Definition
A disorder characterized by decreased function of the gonads. Clinical manifestations in both males and females include poor libido, infertility, and osteoporosis. Additional signs in males include erectile dysfunction, muscle atrophy, gynecomastia and increased abdominal fat. In females, additional signs include shrinking of the breasts and loss of, or failure to develop menstruation.
Disease Hierarchy
DIS4HEW4: Gonadal disorder
DISICMNI: Hypogonadism
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 5A61.0
ICD-9
ICD-9: 257.2
Expand ICD-9
257.2
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0002146
MESH ID
D007006
UMLS CUI
C0020619
MedGen ID
5711
HPO ID
HP:0000135
SNOMED CT ID
48130008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 4 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Estropipate DMRMDWA Approved Small molecular drug [1]
Methyltestosterone DMWLFGO Approved Small molecular drug [2]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Approved Small molecular drug [3]
Testosterone undecanoate DMZO10Y Approved Small molecular drug [1]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Testogen TDS DMMK6IT Phase 2 NA [4]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Testosterone glucoside DM5O6HM Discontinued in Phase 2 NA [5]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Preclinical Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
FOXO4-DRI DMBZVYG Preclinical Peptide [6]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Investigative Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Testetrol DMQDVNZ Investigative NA [7]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 31 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
LEPR TT0HD6V Limited Biomarker [8]
PRL TTJ2TSA Limited Altered Expression [9]
DMPK TTZQTY2 Disputed Altered Expression [10]
STS TTHM0R1 Disputed Genetic Variation [11]
CGB3 TTUH273 moderate Therapeutic [12]
CTNS TT1W2ZS moderate Genetic Variation [13]
CYP19A1 TTSZLWK moderate Biomarker [14]
GH1 TTT3YKH moderate Biomarker [15]
GNRH1 TT0ID4A moderate Biomarker [16]
SGPL1 TT618Q2 moderate Biomarker [17]
CYP11A1 TTSYVO6 Strong Biomarker [18]
CYP17A1 TTRA5BZ Strong Biomarker [19]
EDN1 TTJR60Z Strong Biomarker [18]
EPHB6 TTZEMUY Strong Genetic Variation [20]
FGF8 TTIUF3J Strong Biomarker [21]
FSHB TT13GFV Strong Therapeutic [22]
FSHR TTZFDBT Strong Biomarker [23]
GABRG3 TTEX6LM Strong Biomarker [24]
GNRHR TT8R70G Strong Genetic Variation [25]
HAMP TTRV5YJ Strong Genetic Variation [26]
KISS1R TT3KBZY Strong Biomarker [27]
LEP TTBJEZ5 Strong Biomarker [28]
NR0B1 TTTK36V Strong Biomarker [29]
OTC TT5KIO9 Strong Biomarker [30]
PNPLA6 TTWAQU2 Strong Genetic Variation [31]
POLA1 TTGPJ0U Strong Genetic Variation [32]
PRKG1 TT7IZSA Strong Biomarker [33]
PROKR2 TTM67AX Strong Genetic Variation [34]
STAR TTEI40H Strong Biomarker [18]
TACR3 TTBPGLU Strong Genetic Variation [25]
BRD2 TTDP48B Definitive Biomarker [35]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 31 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 2 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC20A1 DTMULXV Strong Biomarker [36]
SLC29A3 DTZAWTH Strong Genetic Variation [37]
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This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
HSD3B1 DERDQWN Strong Biomarker [18]
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This Disease Is Related to 31 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SOHLH1 OT3RBLSK Limited Autosomal recessive [38]
HJV OT4235J2 Disputed Biomarker [26]
CHD7 OTHNIZWZ Strong Genetic Variation [39]
CRYM OTRGSR6B Strong Biomarker [40]
DCAF17 OTFNVJLN Strong Genetic Variation [41]
EFNB1 OT7JJW8P Strong Genetic Variation [20]
EFNB3 OT12WTXQ Strong Genetic Variation [20]
EIF2S3 OTARRES9 Strong Biomarker [42]
GK OTK2YRA0 Strong Biomarker [30]
INHA OT7HWCO3 Strong Biomarker [43]
INHBB OT2QLD11 Strong Biomarker [43]
INSL3 OT7KUNTE Strong Biomarker [44]
MMACHC OTX0TT3W Strong Genetic Variation [45]
NHLH2 OT88N84O Strong Biomarker [46]
NMT2 OTLNA39Z Strong Genetic Variation [47]
NSMF OTLTA24A Strong Genetic Variation [48]
OTUD4 OT7U62SW Strong Biomarker [49]
POLD1 OTWO4UCJ Strong Biomarker [50]
POU1F1 OTXT8A5C Strong Biomarker [36]
PROK2 OT70IFEZ Strong Genetic Variation [51]
PROP1 OT8GF6N8 Strong Genetic Variation [52]
RAB3GAP1 OT4DQ8F2 Strong Biomarker [40]
SERPINA4 OTBK0GG7 Strong Genetic Variation [53]
SETX OTG3JNOQ Strong Biomarker [54]
SIX6 OTD1RD9D Strong Genetic Variation [55]
STUB1 OTSUYI9A Strong Genetic Variation [56]
TAC3 OTOJGM38 Strong Biomarker [57]
TSPY1 OTPY57X4 Strong Biomarker [24]
AMH OT5FH4BD Definitive Biomarker [58]
ANOS1 OTZJT4KN Definitive Genetic Variation [48]
LHB OT5GBOVJ Definitive Genetic Variation [59]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 31 DOT(s)

References

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2 Methyltestosterone FDA Label
3 Testosterone FDA Label
4 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01894308) A Dose Ranging Study to Examine Testagen TDS-Testosterone 5%. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
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6 FOXO4-DRI alleviates age-related testosterone secretion insufficiency by targeting senescent Leydig cells in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Jan 20;12(2):1272-1284.
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9 Rare case of meningococcal sepsis-induced testicular failure, primary hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism: Is there a link?.BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Sep 15;2018:bcr2018224437. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224437.
10 The pleiotropic expression of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene illustrates the complex relationships between genetic, biological and clinical covariates of male aging.Aging Male. 2002 Dec;5(4):223-32.
11 Ichthyosis and hypogonadism in two brothers with deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome.Horm Res. 1988;30(4-5):173-6; discussion 177. doi: 10.1159/000181056.
12 Endocrine screening in 1,022 men with erectile dysfunction: clinical significance and cost-effective strategy.J Urol. 1997 Nov;158(5):1764-7. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64123-5.
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14 Aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators: Unconventional therapies for functional hypogonadism?.Andrology. 2020 Nov;8(6):1590-1597. doi: 10.1111/andr.12725. Epub 2019 Dec 2.
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16 Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jul 11;7:121. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00121. eCollection 2019.
17 Deficiency of the sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase SGPL1 is associated with congenital nephrotic syndrome and congenital adrenal calcifications. Hum Mutat. 2017 Apr;38(4):365-372. doi: 10.1002/humu.23192. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
18 Strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate rescues adenine-induced male hypogonadism and upregulates the testicular endothelin-1 system.Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007 Nov;34(11):1131-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04693.x.
19 Partial 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency-clinical report of five Chinese 46,XX cases. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008 Jul;24(7):362-7. doi: 10.1080/09513590802194051.
20 Analysis of the association of EPHB6, EFNB1 and EFNB3 variants with hypertension risks in males with hypogonadism.Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 27;8(1):14497. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32836-x.
21 De novo frameshift mutation in fibroblast growth factor 8 in a male patient with gonadotropin deficiency.Horm Res Paediatr. 2014;81(2):139-44. doi: 10.1159/000355380. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
22 Follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis and fertility depend on SMAD4 and FOXL2.FASEB J. 2014 Aug;28(8):3396-410. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-249532. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
23 FSH directly regulates bone mass.Cell. 2006 Apr 21;125(2):247-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.051.
24 Characterization of breakpoints in the GABRG3 and TSPY genes in a family with a t(Y;15)(p11.2;q12).Am J Med Genet A. 2004 Mar 1;125A(2):177-80. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20482.
25 GnRH receptor gene mutations in adolescents and young adults presenting with signs of partial gonadotropin deficiency.PLoS One. 2017 Nov 28;12(11):e0188750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188750. eCollection 2017.
26 Phenotypic analysis of hemochromatosis subtypes reveals variations in severity of iron overload and clinical disease.Blood. 2018 Jul 5;132(1):101-110. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-830562. Epub 2018 May 9.
27 Cre/lox generation of a novel whole-body Kiss1r KO mouse line recapitulates a hypogonadal, obese, and metabolically-impaired phenotype.Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019 Dec 1;498:110559. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110559. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
28 Visceral Adipose Tissue and Leptin Hyperproduction Are Associated With Hypogonadism in Men With Chronic Kidney Disease.J Ren Nutr. 2017 Jul;27(4):243-248. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.01.023. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
29 Identification of a novel mutation of NR0B1 in a patient with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia and symptomatic treatment.J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Nov 27;30(12):1299-1304. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0237.
30 Complex glycerol kinase deficiency: molecular-genetic, cytogenetic, and clinical studies of five Japanese patients.Am J Med Genet. 1988 Nov;31(3):603-16. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320310315.
31 Compound heterozygous PNPLA6 mutations cause Boucher-Neuhuser syndrome with late-onset ataxia.J Neurol. 2014 Dec;261(12):2411-23. doi: 10.1007/s00415-014-7516-3. Epub 2014 Sep 30.
32 Defective DNA Polymerase -Primase Leads to X-Linked Intellectual Disability Associated with Severe Growth Retardation, Microcephaly, and Hypogonadism. Am J Hum Genet. 2019 May 2;104(5):957-967. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Apr 18.
33 Testosterone-induced modulation of nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway and androgenesis in the rat Leydig cells.Biol Reprod. 2010 Sep;83(3):434-42. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.083626. Epub 2010 May 12.
34 PROKR2 variants in multiple hypopituitarism with pituitary stalk interruption.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;97(6):E1068-73. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-3056. Epub 2012 Mar 30.
35 Approach to the infertile man.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;92(6):1995-2004. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0634.
36 Clinical and biochemical phenotype of familial anterior hypopituitarism from mutation of the PROP1 gene.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jan;84(1):50-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.1.5366.
37 Mutations in SLC29A3, encoding an equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT3, cause a familial histiocytosis syndrome (Faisalabad histiocytosis) and familial Rosai-Dorfman disease.PLoS Genet. 2010 Feb 5;6(2):e1000833. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000833.
38 Classification of Genes: Standardized Clinical Validity Assessment of Gene-Disease Associations Aids Diagnostic Exome Analysis and Reclassifications. Hum Mutat. 2017 May;38(5):600-608. doi: 10.1002/humu.23183. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
39 Expanding the CHARGE Geno-Phenotype: A Girl with Novel CHD7 Deletion, Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, and Agenesis of Uterus and Ovaries.Horm Res Paediatr. 2016;85(4):288-90. doi: 10.1159/000443308. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
40 Gene screening facilitates diagnosis of complicated symptoms: A case report.Mol Med Rep. 2017 Dec;16(6):7915-7922. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7590. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
41 A novel DCAF17 homozygous mutation in a girl with Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome and review of the current literature.J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Nov 26;32(11):1287-1293. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0173.
42 EIF2S3 Mutations Associated with Severe X-Linked Intellectual Disability Syndrome MEHMO. Hum Mutat. 2017 Apr;38(4):409-425. doi: 10.1002/humu.23170. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
43 Relationship of estradiol and inhibin to the follicle-stimulating hormone variability in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Feb;90(2):826-30. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1319. Epub 2004 Nov 23.
44 Biology of insulin-like factor 3 in human reproduction.Hum Reprod Update. 2009 Jul-Aug;15(4):463-76. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmp011. Epub 2009 Mar 28.
45 MMACHC gene mutation in familial hypogonadism with neurological symptoms.Gene. 2015 Dec 15;574(2):380-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.029. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
46 Deficiency in prohormone convertase PC1 impairs prohormone processing in Prader-Willi syndrome.J Clin Invest. 2017 Jan 3;127(1):293-305. doi: 10.1172/JCI88648. Epub 2016 Dec 12.
47 Is the disruption of an N-myristoyltransferase (NMT2) associated with hypoplastic testes?.Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Aug 1;143A(15):1796-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31799.
48 The prevalence of intragenic deletions in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome.Mol Hum Reprod. 2008 Jun;14(6):367-70. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gan027. Epub 2008 May 7.
49 STUB1 mutations in autosomal recessive ataxias - evidence for mutation-specific clinical heterogeneity.Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014 Sep 26;9:146. doi: 10.1186/s13023-014-0146-0.
50 An in-frame deletion at the polymerase active site of POLD1 causes a multisystem disorder with lipodystrophy. Nat Genet. 2013 Aug;45(8):947-50. doi: 10.1038/ng.2670. Epub 2013 Jun 16.
51 Mutations in prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 genes in human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency: molecular genetics and clinical spectrum.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Sep;93(9):3551-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-2654. Epub 2008 Jun 17.
52 An uncommon phenotype with familial central hypogonadism caused by a novel PROP1 gene mutant truncated in the transactivation domain.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Aug;90(8):4880-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-0119. Epub 2005 Jun 7.
53 Variable penetrance of hypogonadism in a sibship with Kallmann syndrome due to a deletion of the KAL gene.Am J Med Genet. 1995 Jul 3;57(3):476-8. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570323.
54 Germ cell arrest associated with aSETX mutation in ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 2.Reprod Biomed Online. 2019 Jun;38(6):961-965. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.042. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
55 Deletion of the Homeodomain Protein Six6 From GnRH Neurons Decreases GnRH Gene Expression, Resulting in Infertility.Endocrinology. 2019 Sep 1;160(9):2151-2164. doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00113.
56 STUB1/CHIP mutations cause Gordon Holmes syndrome as part of a widespread multisystemic neurodegeneration: evidence from four novel mutations.Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017 Feb 13;12(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13023-017-0580-x.
57 TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for Neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction. Nat Genet. 2009 Mar;41(3):354-358. doi: 10.1038/ng.306. Epub 2008 Dec 11.
58 Correlation of anti-Mullerian hormone with humanchorionic gonadotropin test in the evaluation of testicular function of children with 46 XY male hypogonadism: Use of anti-Mullerian hormone as abiomarker.J Paediatr Child Health. 2020 Mar;56(3):411-419. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14643. Epub 2019 Oct 15.
59 Homozygous nonsense mutation Trp28X in the LHB gene causes male hypogonadism.J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018 May;35(5):913-919. doi: 10.1007/s10815-018-1133-5. Epub 2018 Feb 23.