General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC7FRR8)

Drug Combination Name
Citalopram Epinephrine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Chronic myelogenous leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Citalopram   DM2G9AE Epinephrine   DM3KJBC
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 6.95
Bliss Independence Score: 6.95
Loewe Additivity Score: 8.95
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 9

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Citalopram
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [2]
Anxiety N.A. Approved [2]
Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [3]
Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [2]
Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [2]
Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [2]
Colon cancer 2B90.Z Investigative [2]
Gastric cancer 2B72 Investigative [2]
Citalopram Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Serotonin transporter (SERT) TT3ROYC SC6A4_HUMAN Modulator [6]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citalopram Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) DTSYQGK MRP1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) DTT79CX S22A1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citalopram Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citalopram Interacts with 29 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Decreases Methylation [14]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) OTZJC802 CP2D6_HUMAN Decreases Methylation [14]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) OTFMJYYE CP2CJ_HUMAN Decreases Methylation [15]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Response [16]
Glutamate receptor 3 (GRIA3) OT34CNBR GRIA3_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [17]
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 (GRIK2) OTQ41U3D GRIK2_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [17]
Catalase (CAT) OTHEBX9R CATA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [18]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) OT4FU8C0 NUPR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) OT9BP2S0 AACT_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver (FABP1) OTR34ETM FABPL_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3) OT2HZK5M GTR3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [19]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE) OTOI2NYG INHBE_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Transgelin (TAGLN) OTAEZ0KP TAGL_HUMAN Decreases Expression [19]
Lysophospholipase D GDPD3 (GDPD3) OTOHM9QM GDPD3_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C) OT6H8DE0 5HT2C_HUMAN Affects Binding [20]
Aromatase (CYP19A1) OTZ6XF74 CP19A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [21]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) OTB1073G SCD_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) OTV41F7T COLI_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Prolactin (PRL) OTWFQGX7 PRL_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [25]
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) OTFE4EYE AHR_HUMAN Decreases Expression [26]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1) OTCO26FV HMCS1_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [27]
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) OT39XG28 SC6A3_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [28]
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) OT6FGDLW SC6A4_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [29]
Glutamate receptor 1 (GRIA1) OT85LOCJ GRIA1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [17]
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 (GRIK4) OTL5EIPA GRIK4_HUMAN Increases Response [30]
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A (GRIN3A) OTQS9GYY NMD3A_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [17]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) OTWXJX0M 5HT2A_HUMAN Increases Response [31]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 29 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Epinephrine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute asthma CA23 Approved [4]
Allergy 4A80-4A85 Approved [5]
Anaphylaxis N.A. Approved [4]
Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [4]
Bronchitis CA20 Approved [4]
Periodontitis DA0C Approved [4]
Pulmonary emphysema CA21.Z Approved [4]
Severe asthma CA23 Approved [4]
Asthma CA23 Investigative [4]
Epinephrine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1) TTR6W5O ADRB1_HUMAN Agonist [32]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epinephrine Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) DT6201N S22A3_HUMAN Substrate [33]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) DTT79CX S22A1_HUMAN Substrate [34]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epinephrine Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [35]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DEYWLRK ST1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [36]
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [37]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) DEV3T4A COMT_HUMAN Metabolism [38]
Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) DERE4TU AOFA_HUMAN Metabolism [39]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epinephrine Interacts with 33 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) OTPWKTQG COMT_HUMAN Increases Methylation [40]
Solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3) OTQYGVXX S22A3_HUMAN Increases Uptake [41]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) OT39TA1L SODC_HUMAN Increases Expression [42]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [42]
Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) OTJRMUAG CAH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [43]
Integrin alpha-V (ITGAV) OTAM7JTR ITAV_HUMAN Increases Expression [43]
Cathepsin K (CTSK) OTT3YX5O CATK_HUMAN Increases Expression [43]
Renin (REN) OT52GZR2 RENI_HUMAN Increases Activity [44]
Insulin (INS) OTZ85PDU INS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [45]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) OTSDOX4Q ADRB2_HUMAN Increases Activity [46]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Decreases Cleavage [47]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [47]
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) OTHZ1RIA PCNA_HUMAN Increases Expression [47]
Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM) OTLHHMC2 KPYM_HUMAN Increases Expression [47]
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (ADRA1D) OTW2CD1O ADA1D_HUMAN Increases Activity [48]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) OTP9XG86 TNR6_HUMAN Increases Expression [49]
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A) OTUIWCL5 ADA1A_HUMAN Increases Activity [48]
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (ADRA1B) OTSAYAFD ADA1B_HUMAN Increases Activity [48]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [49]
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (FASLG) OTZARCHH TNFL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [49]
Hexokinase-2 (HK2) OTC0GCQO HXK2_HUMAN Increases Expression [47]
Ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EPHA4) OT3AMK0C EPHA4_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [50]
Hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) OTMMVJ8A LIPS_HUMAN Increases Activity [51]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) OTADSC03 HIF1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [47]
P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7) OTNJ9XPL P2RX7_HUMAN Decreases Activity [52]
Leptin (LEP) OT5Q7ODW LEP_HUMAN Increases ADR [53]
Catalase (CAT) OTHEBX9R CATA_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [54]
Sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A4) OTHJ8WWV ST1A3_HUMAN Increases Sulfation [55]
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial (GSR) OTM2TUYM GSHR_HUMAN Increases ADR [53]
Neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon (CALY) OTQ7EMPU CALY_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [56]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases ADR [53]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (SLC29A4) OTWTZXMX S29A4_HUMAN Increases Uptake [41]
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) OTZFGOTP ADA2A_HUMAN Increases ADR [53]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 33 DOT(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 Citalopram FDA Label
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7547).
4 Epinephrine FDA Label
5 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 509).
6 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
7 MRP1 polymorphisms associated with citalopram response in patients with major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Apr;30(2):116-25.
8 ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with fatal intoxications involving venlafaxine but not citalopram. Int J Legal Med. 2013 May;127(3):579-86.
9 Organic cation transporters and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008;23(4):243-53.
10 PharmGKB summary: citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Nov;21(11):769-72.
11 Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996 Dec;31(6):444-69.
12 Antidepressant drugs in the elderly--role of the cytochrome P450 2D6. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;4(2):74-80.
13 Citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in vitro: human cytochromes mediating transformation, and cytochrome inhibitory effects. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):839-49.
14 Identification of three cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in N-demethylation of citalopram enantiomers in human liver microsomes. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Feb;7(1):1-10.
15 Pharmacokinetics of citalopram in relation to genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Oct;31(10):1255-9. doi: 10.1124/dmd.31.10.1255.
16 ABCB1 (MDR1) gene polymorphisms are associated with the clinical response to paroxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Feb 15;32(2):398-404. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.09.003. Epub 2007 Sep 15.
17 Genetic and clinical predictors of sexual dysfunction in citalopram-treated depressed patients. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Jun;34(7):1819-28. doi: 10.1038/npp.2009.4. Epub 2009 Mar 18.
18 Antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde values in social phobia before and after citalopram treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004 Aug;254(4):231-5.
19 In vitro detection of drug-induced phospholipidosis using gene expression and fluorescent phospholipid based methodologies. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Sep;99(1):162-73.
20 Inverse agonist and neutral antagonist actions of antidepressants at recombinant and native 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors: differential modulatio... Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;73(3):748-57.
21 Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on three sex steroids in two versions of the aromatase enzyme inhibition assay and in the H295R cell assay. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Oct;29(7):1729-35.
22 Antidepressant drugs activate SREBP and up-regulate cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in human glial cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Mar 13;395(3):185-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.096. Epub 2005 Dec 1.
23 Neuroendocrine effects of citalopram, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, during lifespan in humans. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010 Oct;33(9):657-62. doi: 10.1007/BF03346666. Epub 2010 Apr 22.
24 Cholinergic modulation of the cerebral metabolic response to citalopram in Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2009 Feb;132(Pt 2):392-401. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn326. Epub 2009 Jan 19.
25 The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, and citalopram induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells via caspase-3 activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999;13(6):338-47. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1999)13:6<338::aid-jbt8>3.0.co;2-7.
26 Profiling of enantiopure drugs towards aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), glucocorticoid (GR) and pregnane X (PXR) receptors in human reporter cell lines. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Feb 5;208:64-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.018. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
27 Antidepressant induced cholestasis: hepatocellular redistribution of multidrug resistant protein (MRP2). Gut. 2003 Feb;52(2):300-3. doi: 10.1136/gut.52.2.300.
28 Differential effects of psychoactive substances on human wildtype and polymorphic T356M dopamine transporters (DAT). Toxicology. 2019 Jun 15;422:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.012. Epub 2019 Apr 19.
29 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene predicts non-remission in major depression patients treated with citalopram in a 12-weeks follow up study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003 Dec;23(6):563-7. doi: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000095350.32154.73.
30 Association of GRIK4 with outcome of antidepressant treatment in the STAR*D cohort. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;164(8):1181-8. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06111790.
31 Variation in the gene encoding the serotonin 2A receptor is associated with outcome of antidepressant treatment. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 May;78(5):804-814. doi: 10.1086/503820. Epub 2006 Mar 20.
32 Adrenergic activation of electrogenic K+ secretion in guinea pig distal colonic epithelium: involvement of beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G269-77.
33 Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jun;50(8):941-52.
34 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
35 Steroid glucuronides: human circulatory levels and formation by LNCaP cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(4-6):593-8.
36 Crystal structure of human sulfotransferase SULT1A3 in complex with dopamine and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Sep 23;335(2):417-23.
37 Adrenal catecholamines and their metabolism in the vitamin A deficient rat. Ann Nutr Metab. 1983;27(3):220-7.
38 Different metabolism of norepinephrine and epinephrine by catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Mar;268(3):1242-51.
39 Role of monoamine-oxidase-A-gene variation in the development of glioblastoma in males: a case control study. J Neurooncol. 2019 Nov;145(2):287-294.
40 Molecular mechanisms controlling the rate and specificity of catechol O-methylation by human soluble catechol O-methyltransferase. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):393-402. doi: 10.1124/mol.59.2.393.
41 Selective transport of monoamine neurotransmitters by human plasma membrane monoamine transporter and organic cation transporter 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Dec;335(3):743-53. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.170142. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
42 Epinephrine upregulates superoxide dismutase in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jan 15;30(2):148-53.
43 Effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on bone-resorbing activity in human osteoclast-like cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 May 12;1640(2-3):137-42.
44 Hypokalemia from beta2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine. N Engl J Med. 1983 Dec 8;309(23):1414-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198312083092303.
45 A receptor mechanism for the inhibition of insulin release by epinephrine in man. J Clin Invest. 1967 Jan;46(1):86-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI105514.
46 Myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhthymias precipitated by physiological concentrations of adrenaline in patients with coronary artery disease. Br Heart J. 1992 May;67(5):419-20. doi: 10.1136/hrt.67.5.419-b.
47 Epinephrine facilitates the growth of T cell lymphoma by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2023 Jan 5;369:110278. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110278. Epub 2022 Nov 22.
48 Carvedilol selectively inhibits oscillatory intracellular calcium changes evoked by human alpha1D- and alpha1B-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Res. 2004 Sep 1;63(4):662-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.05.014.
49 Carvedilol prevents epinephrine-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells: modulation of Fas/Fas ligand and caspase-3 pathway. Cardiovasc Res. 2000 Feb;45(3):788-94. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00369-7.
50 The platelet P2Y12 receptor contributes to granule secretion through Ephrin A4 receptor. Platelets. 2012;23(8):617-25. doi: 10.3109/09537104.2011.645924. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
51 Hormone-sensitive lipase in human adipose tissue, isolated adipocytes, and cultured adipocytes. Pediatr Res. 1982 Dec;16(12):982-8. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198212000-00002.
52 Epidermal growth factor facilitates epinephrine inhibition of P2X7-receptor-mediated pore formation and apoptosis: a novel signaling network. Endocrinology. 2005 Jan;146(1):164-74. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-1026. Epub 2004 Sep 30.
53 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
54 Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage in human lymphocytes treated with adrenaline in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Feb;29(1):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
55 Enzymatic characterization and interspecies difference of phenol sulfotransferases, ST1A forms. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Mar;29(3):274-81.
56 Increased arterial pressure in mice with overexpression of the ADHD candidate gene calcyon in forebrain. PLoS One. 2019 Feb 12;14(2):e0211903. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211903. eCollection 2019.