General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCIEWFW)

Drug Combination Name
Lapatinib Chlorambucil
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Lapatinib   DM3BH1Y Chlorambucil   DMRKE63
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: OVCAR-4
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.63
Bliss Independence Score: 2.51
Loewe Additivity Score: 0.34
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 0.32

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Lapatinib
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [2]
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma 2B71 Approved [3]
Melanoma 2C30 Approved [3]
Lapatinib Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Erbb2 tyrosine kinase receptor (HER2) TT6EO5L ERBB2_HUMAN Inhibitor [7]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TTGKNB4 EGFR_HUMAN Inhibitor [7]
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) TT1QFLA EF2K_HUMAN Inhibitor [8]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lapatinib Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lapatinib Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lapatinib Interacts with 36 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) OTAPLO1S EGFR_HUMAN Decreases Activity [13]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) OTRU7THO ABCBB_HUMAN Decreases Activity [14]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) OTC1W6UX HMOX1_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) OTZGGIVK NQO1_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) OT0HENJ5 NF2L2_HUMAN Increases Activity [15]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [16]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1) OTKLU61J ESR1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [13]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [17]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [18]
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) OT51O0CF TOP1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [19]
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) OT6LPS08 TOP2A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [19]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2) OTPHHYZJ CCNA2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (ABCB4) OTE6PY83 MDR3_HUMAN Decreases Activity [20]
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (ERBB3) OTRSST0A ERBB3_HUMAN Decreases Activity [21]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT) OTOXOA0Q ALAT1_HUMAN Increases Secretion [22]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) OT8HPTKJ CCND1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [13]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Decreases Activity [17]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) OT8H2YY7 AKT1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [13]
DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 (MCM7) OT6FXC6K MCM7_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [19]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) OTNY5LLZ CDN1B_HUMAN Increases Expression [13]
Caspase-7 (CASP7) OTAPJ040 CASP7_HUMAN Increases Activity [19]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Increases Activity [19]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) OTYXFLSD CP1B1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [23]
GTPase KRas (KRAS) OT78QCN8 RASK_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [24]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain (HLA-DQA1) OTC6GISG DQA1_HUMAN Increases ADR [25]
Zinc finger protein SNAI1 (SNAI1) OTDPYAMC SNAI1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [26]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) OTE4EFH8 CP1A1_HUMAN Increases Metabolism [19]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) OTTCDHHM CP3A7_HUMAN Increases Metabolism [19]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [26]
Tenascin-X (TNXB) OTVBWAV5 TENX_HUMAN Increases ADR [25]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain (HLA-DQB1) OTVVI3UI DQB1_HUMAN Increases ADR [25]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 36 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Chlorambucil
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 2A82.0 Approved [4]
Small lymphocytic lymphoma 2A82.0 Approved [5]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma N.A. Investigative [5]
Follicular lymphoma 2A80 Investigative [5]
Chlorambucil Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
DNA replication (DNA repli) TTABD5E NOUNIPROTAC Intercalator [27]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chlorambucil Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [28]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2) DTE2B1D SO1A2_HUMAN Substrate [29]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chlorambucil Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) DEK6079 GSTP1_HUMAN Metabolism [30]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chlorambucil Interacts with 37 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) OTLP0A0Y GSTP1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [31]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) OTA7K5XA GSTA1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [33]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) OTOA4HTH AK1BA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [34]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) OTO46S5S LIF_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) OTQ2XMO3 AK1C2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [34]
Bcl-2-interacting killer (BIK) OTTH1T3D BIK_HUMAN Increases Expression [34]
F-box only protein 30 (FBXO30) OTD1P6LA FBX30_HUMAN Decreases Expression [34]
Histone chaperone ASF1A (ASF1A) OT4S44GP ASF1A_HUMAN Decreases Expression [34]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A) OTBPCU2O TR10A_HUMAN Affects Expression [35]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Affects Expression [37]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [38]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [38]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [39]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain (HLA-DPA1) OT7OG7Y2 DPA1_HUMAN Affects Expression [40]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) OTP9XG86 TNR6_HUMAN Increases Expression [41]
14-3-3 protein sigma (SFN) OTLJCZ1U 1433S_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [42]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [41]
Histone H4 (H4C1) OTB71W46 H4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [39]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 (MDM2) OTOVXARF MDM2_HUMAN Increases Expression [37]
DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51) OTNVWGC1 RAD51_HUMAN Increases Expression [43]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [44]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Activity [41]
kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial (PDK4) OTCMHMBZ PDK4_HUMAN Affects Expression [45]
Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms 3/4 (BBC3) OTUAXDAY BBC3B_HUMAN Increases Expression [37]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) OT0HENJ5 NF2L2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [46]
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) OT3DVIGM DYR_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [47]
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) OT3HXP6N CDD_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [48]
Fanconi anemia group G protein (FANCG) OT7MC8TZ FANCG_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [49]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [50]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) OTGUN89S MRP1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [31]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Affects Export [51]
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) OTSBF2MO GSTM1_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [52]
Fanconi anemia group C protein (FANCC) OTTIDM3P FANCC_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [49]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 37 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Adenocarcinoma DC3REP7 DU-145 Investigative [1]
Amelanotic melanoma DCPB7SG M14 Investigative [1]
Glioma DC33JE6 SF-295 Investigative [1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma DCMNJS3 NCI\\/ADR-RES Investigative [1]
Lung adenocarcinoma DCYZ2NW HOP-62 Investigative [1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5692).
3 Lapatinib FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7143).
5 Chlorambucil FDA Label
6 UGT-dependent regioselective glucuronidation of ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid and selective transport of the consequent acyl glucuronides by OATP1B1 and 1B3. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Sep 1;310:108745. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108745. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
7 Triple negative breast cancer--current status and prospective targeted treatment based on HER1 (EGFR), TOP2A and C-MYC gene assessment. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2009 Mar;153(1):13-7.
8 Inhibition of eEF-2 kinase sensitizes human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to lapatinib-induced apoptosis through the Src and Erk pathways.BMC Cancer. 2016 Oct 19;16(1):813.
9 Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2018 Classic Shirt-Pocket Edition.
10 The role of efflux and uptake transporters in [N-{3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}-6-[5-({[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-furyl]-4-quinazolinamine (GW572016, lapatinib) disposition and drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Apr;36(4):695-701.
11 Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 3A4 by lapatinib. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;78(4):693-703.
12 Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Dec;35(8):692-706.
13 The dual ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor, lapatinib (GW572016), cooperates with tamoxifen to inhibit both cell proliferation- and estrogen-dependent gene expression in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 1;65(1):18-25.
14 Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
15 P450 3A-catalyzed O-dealkylation of lapatinib induces mitochondrial stress and activates Nrf2. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 May 16;29(5):784-96.
16 Combining lapatinib (GW572016), a small molecule inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2 tyrosine kinases, with therapeutic anti-ErbB2 antibodies enhances apoptosis of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2005 Sep 15;24(41):6213-21. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208774.
17 CDK4/6 inhibition provides a potent adjunct to Her2-targeted therapies in preclinical breast cancer models. Genes Cancer. 2014 Jul;5(7-8):261-72. doi: 10.18632/genesandcancer.24.
18 Effects of lapatinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NB4 cells. Oncol Lett. 2018 Jan;15(1):235-242. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.7342. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
19 The involvement of hepatic cytochrome P450s in the cytotoxicity of lapatinib. Toxicol Sci. 2023 Dec 21;197(1):69-78. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad099.
20 Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
21 Suppression of HER2/HER3-mediated growth of breast cancer cells with combinations of GDC-0941 PI3K inhibitor, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 15;15(12):4147-56. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2814. Epub 2009 Jun 9.
22 Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
23 Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
24 The K-Ras effector p38 MAPK confers intrinsic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors by stimulating EGFR transcription and EGFR dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2017 Sep 8;292(36):15070-15079. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.779488. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
25 HLA-DQA1*02:01 is a major risk factor for lapatinib-induced hepatotoxicity in women with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 20;29(6):667-73. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.3197. Epub 2011 Jan 18.
26 Niclosamide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor growth in lapatinib-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 Feb;71:12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.014. Epub 2015 Nov 28.
27 Roles of DNA repair and reductase activity in the cytotoxicity of the hypoxia-activated dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Jun;8(6):1714-23.
28 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
29 Transporters and renal drug elimination. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;44:137-66.
30 The anti-cancer drug chlorambucil as a substrate for the human polymorphic enzyme glutathione transferase P1-1: kinetic properties and crystallographic characterisation of allelic variants. J Mol Biol. 2008 Jun 27;380(1):131-44.
31 The influence of coordinate overexpression of glutathione phase II detoxification gene products on drug resistance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Aug;294(2):480-7.
32 Enhanced in vitro invasiveness and drug resistance with altered gene expression patterns in a human lung carcinoma cell line after pulse selection with anticancer drugs. Int J Cancer. 2004 Sep 10;111(4):484-93. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20230.
33 Role of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and glutathione S-transferase A1-1 in alkylating agent resistanceKinetics of glutathione conjugate formation and efflux govern differential cellular sensitivity to chlorambucil versus melphalan toxicity. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 16;276(11):7952-6.
34 Oxidative stress mechanisms do not discriminate between genotoxic and nongenotoxic liver carcinogens. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Aug 17;28(8):1636-46.
35 Role of the TRAIL/APO2-L death receptors in chlorambucil- and fludarabine-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncogene. 2003 Nov 13;22(51):8356-69. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207004.
36 Differential effects of chemotherapeutic drugs versus the MDM-2 antagonist nutlin-3 on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in SKW6.4 lymphoblastoid B-cells. J Cell Biochem. 2008 May 15;104(2):595-605. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21649.
37 Differential gene expression induction by TRAIL in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells showing high versus low levels of Zap-70. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Oct;213(1):229-36. doi: 10.1002/jcp.21116.
38 Theophylline synergizes with chlorambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 1996 Sep 15;88(6):2172-82.
39 A two-hit mechanism for pre-mitotic arrest of cancer cell proliferation by a polyamide-alkylator conjugate. Cell Cycle. 2006 Jul;5(14):1537-48. doi: 10.4161/cc.5.14.2913. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
40 Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
41 Caspase 8 activation independent of Fas (CD95/APO-1) signaling may mediate killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by cytotoxic drugs or gamma radiation. Blood. 2001 Nov 1;98(9):2800-7. doi: 10.1182/blood.v98.9.2800.
42 Disruption of gene expression and induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by a DNA-damaging agent tethered to an androgen receptor ligand. Chem Biol. 2005 Jul;12(7):779-87. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.05.009.
43 Chlorambucil induction of HsRad51 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Aug;5(8):2178-84.
44 Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides enhance the cytotoxicity of chlorambucil in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001 Jul;42(3):491-8. doi: 10.3109/10428190109064606.
45 The MT1G Gene in LUHMES Neurons Is a Sensitive Biomarker of Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res. 2020 Dec;38(4):967-978. doi: 10.1007/s12640-020-00272-3. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
46 Characterization of the cancer chemopreventive NRF2-dependent gene battery in human keratinocytes: demonstration that the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, and not the BACH1-NRF2 pathway, controls cytoprotection against electrophiles as well as redox-cycling compounds. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Sep;30(9):1571-80. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp176. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
47 Increased resistance to nitrogen mustards and antifolates following in vitro selection of murine fibroblasts and primary hematopoietic cells transduced with a bicistronic retroviral vector expressing the rat glutathione S-transferase A3 and a mutant dihydrofolate reductase. Cancer Gene Ther. 2003 Aug;10(8):637-46. doi: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700619.
48 Coexpression of rat glutathione S-transferase A3 and human cytidine deaminase by a bicistronic retroviral vector confers in vitro resistance to nitrogen mustards and cytosine arabinoside in murine fibroblasts. Cancer Gene Ther. 2000 May;7(5):757-65. doi: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700169.
49 In vivo therapeutic responses contingent on Fanconi anemia/BRCA2 status of the tumor. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 15;11(20):7508-15. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1048.
50 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
51 Role of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2) in alkylating agent detoxification: MRP2 potentiates glutathione S-transferase A1-1-mediated resistance to chlorambucil cytotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jan;308(1):260-7. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.057729. Epub 2003 Oct 20.
52 Glutathione S-transferase M1 and multidrug resistance protein 1 act in synergy to protect melanoma cells from vincristine effects. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;65(4):897-905. doi: 10.1124/mol.65.4.897.