Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM7SJD6)

Drug Name
Methylphenidate
Synonyms
Calocain; Centedein; Centedrin; Centredin; Concerta; Daytrana; Meridil; Metadate; Methylfenidan; Methylin; Methylofenidan; Methylphen; Methylphenidan; Methylphenidatum; Metilfenidato; Phenidylate; Plimasine; Riphenidate; Ritalin; Ritaline; Tsentedrin; Metadate CD; Metadate ER; Methyl phenidate; Methyl phenidyl acetate; Methyl phenidylacetate; Methylin ER; Metilfenidato [Italian]; Ritalin LA; Ritalin SR; Ritcher works; C 4311; Attenta (TN); Biphentin (TN); Concerta (TN); D-methylphenidate HCl; Daytrana (TN); Equasym (TN); Metadate ER (TN); Methylin (TN); Methylphenidate [INN:BAN]; Methylphenidatum [INN-Latin]; Metilfenidato [INN-Spanish]; Motiron (TN); PMS-Methylphenidate; Ritalin (TN); Ritalin LA (TN); Ritalin-SR; Rubifen (TN); Methylphenidate (USAN/INN); Alpha-Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester; Methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate; Methyl alpha-phenyl-alpha-2-piperidinylacetate; Alpha-Phenyl-alpha-(2-piperidyl)acetic acid methyl ester; Methyl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-2-ylacetate; Methyl alpha-phenyl-alpha-(2-piperidyl)acetate; Methyl (2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate); METHYLPHENIDATE (SEE ALSO: METHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE, CAS 298-59-9, NTPNO 10266-R); 2-Piperidineacetic acid, .alpha.-phenyl-, methyl ester; 2-Piperidineacetic acid, alpha-phenyl-, methyl ester
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [1]
Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [2]
Myasthenia gravis 8C6Y Approved [2]
Narcolepsy 7A20 Approved [2]
Traumatic brain injury NA07.Z Phase 4 [1]
Therapeutic Class
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 233.31
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 0.2
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 3
ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 50.4-121.5 mcgh/L []
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 6.0-15.0 mcg/L []
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 8.1-9.4 h []
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Clearance
The sytemic clearance of drug is 10.2-10.5 L/h/kg []
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2.4 hours (in children), and 2.1 hours (in adults) []
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic []
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 4.28609 micromolar/kg/day [4]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.85% [5]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 20 L/kg []
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
ADR Term Variation Related DOT DOT ID REF
Hepatotoxicity Not Available ADRB2 OTSDOX4Q [6]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C14H19NO2
IUPAC Name
methyl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-2-ylacetate
Canonical SMILES
COC(=O)C(C1CCCCN1)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3
InChIKey
DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
4158
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:84276
CAS Number
113-45-1
DrugBank ID
DB00422
TTD ID
D02PPN
VARIDT ID
DR00389
INTEDE ID
DR1054
ACDINA ID
D00419
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Dopamine transporter (DAT) TTVBI8W SC6A3_HUMAN Blocker [7]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 (SLC6A5) DTE8R17 SC6A5_HUMAN Substrate [8]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1)
Main DME 		DEB30C5 EST1_HUMAN Substrate [9]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) OTSDOX4Q ADRB2_HUMAN Drug Response [6]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ICD Disease Classification 6A05.Z
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Dopamine transporter (DAT) DTT SLC6A3 1.08E-03 -3.08 -1.99
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 (SLC6A5) DTP GLYT2 5.44E-01 -6.94E-02 -3.09E-01
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) DME CES1 7.50E-01 1.51E-02 4.41E-02
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Methylphenidate
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Desipramine DMT2FDC Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Desipramine. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05] [10]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Methylphenidate (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Methylene blue DMJAPE7 Major Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Methylene blue. Acquired methaemoglobinaemia [3A93] [11]
Linezolid DMGFPU2 Major Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Methylphenidate and Linezolid. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [11]
Phenylbutazone DMAYL0T Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Phenylbutazone. Chronic pain [MG30] [12]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Ethanol. Cystitis [GC00] [13]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Sertraline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [14]
Trimipramine DM1SC8M Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Trimipramine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [10]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Imipramine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [10]
Fluoxetine DM3PD2C Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Fluoxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [14]
Nortriptyline DM4KDYJ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Nortriptyline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [10]
Paroxetine DM5PVQE Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Paroxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [14]
Selegiline DM6034S Major Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Methylphenidate and Selegiline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [11]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Vortioxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [14]
Isocarboxazid DMAF1NB Major Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Methylphenidate and Isocarboxazid. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [11]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Escitalopram. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [14]
Tranylcypromine DMGB5RE Major Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Tranylcypromine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [11]
Phenelzine DMHIDUE Major Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Methylphenidate and Phenelzine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [11]
Clomipramine DMINRKW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Clomipramine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [10]
Amoxapine DMKITQE Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Amoxapine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [10]
Doxepin DMPI98T Moderate Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Doxepin. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [10]
Esketamine DMVU687 Major Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [15]
Primidone DM0WX6I Minor Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Primidone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [16]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Minor Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Fosphenytoin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [16]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Minor Decreased metabolism of Methylphenidate caused by Phenobarbital mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [16]
Procarbazine DMIK367 Major Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Methylphenidate and Procarbazine. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [11]
Propiomazine DMKY8V1 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Propiomazine. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [17]
Polyethylene glycol DM4I1JP Moderate Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Methylphenidate and Polyethylene glycol. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [18]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Major Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [11]
Prochlorperazine DM53SRA Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Prochlorperazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [17]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [17]
Bupropion DM5PCS7 Major Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Methylphenidate and Bupropion. Nicotine use disorder [6C4A] [19]
Safinamide DM0YWJC Major Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Safinamide. Parkinsonism [8A00] [11]
Rasagiline DM3WKQ4 Moderate Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Methylphenidate and Rasagiline. Parkinsonism [8A00] [11]
Lindane DMB8CNL Moderate Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Methylphenidate and Lindane. Pediculosis [1G00] [20]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [17]
Fluphenazine DMIT8LX Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Fluphenazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [17]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [17]
Thioridazine DM35M8J Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Thioridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [17]
Haloperidol DM96SE0 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Haloperidol. Schizophrenia [6A20] [17]
Perphenazine DMA4MRX Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Perphenazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [17]
Chlorpromazine DMBGZI3 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Chlorpromazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [17]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Trifluoperazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [17]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Methdilazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [17]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Antagonize the effect of Methylphenidate when combined with Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [21]
⏷ Show the Full List of 43 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
Aspartame E00402 134601 Flavoring agent
Butylated hydroxytoluene E00336 31404 Antioxidant
Cetyl alcohol E00061 2682 Coating agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Stiffening agent
D&C red no. 28 E00491 6097185 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Kyselina citronova E00014 311 Acidulant; Antioxidant; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Flavoring agent
Mannitol E00103 6251 Diluent; Flavoring agent; Lyophilization aid; Plasticizing agent; Tonicity agent
Oleic acid E00421 445639 Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent
Phosphoric acid E00039 1004 Acidulant; Buffering agent
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sodium stearyl fumarate E00545 23665634 lubricant
Stearic acid E00079 5281 Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Succinic acid E00044 1110 Buffering agent
Sucralose E00370 71485 Flavoring agent
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Acetone E00004 180 Solvent
Acetyltributyl citrate E00127 6505 Plasticizing agent
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Beta-maltose E00104 6255 Binding agent; Diluent; Disintegrant; Flavoring agent
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium E00621 Not Available Adsorbent; Binding agent; Disintegrant; Emulsifying agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Cetostearyl alcohol E00353 62238 Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Citric acid monohydrate E00271 22230 Acidulant; Antioxidant; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Flavoring agent
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Fructose E00447 2723872 Flavoring agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Medium-chain triglyceride E00640 Not Available Emollient; Lubricant; Surfactant
Polyethylene glycol 3350 E00652 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Potassium hydroxide E00233 14797 Alkalizing agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol E00040 1030 Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose E00091 5988 Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sodium chloride E00077 5234 Diluent; Tonicity agent
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin E00080 5541 Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Triethyl citrate E00128 6506 Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Water E00035 962 Solvent
⏷ Show the Full List of 44 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Methylphenidate 18 mg tablet 18 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 27 mg tablet 27 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 36 mg tablet 36 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 54 mg tablet 54 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 17.3 mg tablet 17.3 mg Disintegrating Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 25.9 mg tablet 25.9 mg Disintegrating Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 8.6 mg tablet 8.6 mg Disintegrating Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 10 mg tablet 10 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 20 mg tablet 20 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 5 mg tablet 5 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 10 mg tablet 10 mg Chewable Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 2.5 mg tablet 2.5 mg Chewable Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 5 mg tablet 5 mg Chewable Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 30 mg capsule 30 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Capsule Oral
Methylphenidate 40 mg capsule 40 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Capsule Oral
Methylphenidate 20 mg tablet 20 mg 8 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 10 mg tablet 10 mg 8 HR Extended Release Oral Tablet Oral
Methylphenidate 20 mg capsule 20 mg 24 HR Extended Release Oral Capsule Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7236).
2 Methylphenidate FDA Label
3 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
5 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
7 Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jun 1;57(11):1410-5.
8 SLC6 transporters: structure, function, regulation, disease association and therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med. 2013 Apr-Jun;34(2-3):197-219.
9 Methylphenidate is stereoselectively hydrolyzed by human carboxylesterase CES1A1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Aug;310(2):469-76.
10 Burke MS, Josephson A, Lightsey A "Combined methylphenidate and imipramine complication." J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 (1995): 403-4. [PMID: 7751253]
11 Ban TA "Drug interactions with psychoactive drugs." Dis Nerv Syst 36 (1975): 164-6. [PMID: 1116424]
12 Product Information. Ritalin (methylphenidate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
13 Product Information. Metadate CD Capsules (methylphenidate) Celltech Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Applegate, WI.
14 Gammon GD, Brown TE "Fluoxetine and methylphenidate in combination for treatment of attention deficit disorder and comorbid depressive disorder." J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 3 (1993): 1-10. [PMID: 19630593]
15 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
16 Garrettson LK, Perel JM, Dayton PG "Methylphenidate interaction with both anticonvulsants and ethyl biscoumacetate." JAMA 207 (1969): 1053-6. [PMID: 5818377]
17 Achor MB, Extein I "Diet aids, mania, and affective illness" Am J Psychiatry 138 (1981): 392. [PMID: 7468847]
18 Product Information. Suprep Bowel Prep Kit (magnesium/potassium/sodium sulfates). Braintree Laboratories, Braintree, MA.
19 Product Information. Wellbutrin XL (buPROPion). GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA.
20 Matsuoka LY "Convulsions following application of gamma benzene hexachloride." J Am Acad Dermatol 5 (1981): 98-9. [PMID: 6168673]
21 Lake CR "Manic psychosis after coffee and phenylpropanolamine." Biol Psychiatry 30 (1991): 401-4. [PMID: 1912131]