General Information of Disease (ID: DIS6MF4Q)

Disease Name Severe combined immunodeficiency
Synonyms combined T and B cell inborn immunodeficiency; severe combined immunodeficiency; severe combined immunodeficiency (disease); SCID; severe combined immunodeficiency disease
Disease Class 4A01: Adaptive immunity immunodeficiency
Definition
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a group of rare monogenic primary immunodeficiency disorders characterized by a lack of functional peripheral T lymphocytes resulting in early-onset severe respiratory infections and failure to thrive. They are classified according to immunological phenotype into SCID with absence of T cells but presence of B cells (T-B+ SCID) or SCID with absence of both (T-B- SCID). Both of these groups include several forms, with or without natural killer (NK) cells.
Disease Hierarchy
DISKR6QJ: Combined immunodeficiency
DIS6MF4Q: Severe combined immunodeficiency
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 4A01.10
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0015974
MESH ID
D016511
UMLS CUI
C0085110
MedGen ID
88328
HPO ID
HP:0004430
Orphanet ID
183660
SNOMED CT ID
31323000

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
OTL-101 DMLMS6J Phase 3 Gene therapy [1]
MB-107 DM15WU4 Phase 1/2 Gene therapy [2]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 25 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
NOD1 TTYSRXM Limited Biomarker [3]
CD19 TTW640A Strong Biomarker [4]
CD34 TTZAVYN Strong Biomarker [5]
CD3G TTV3XPL Strong Biomarker [6]
CYP2J2 TTNE1C7 Strong Biomarker [7]
EBI3 TTJF68X Strong Biomarker [8]
IFNAR2 TTMQB37 Strong Biomarker [9]
IL15 TTJFA35 Strong Biomarker [10]
IL21R TTZO9B0 Strong Genetic Variation [11]
IL7 TT8FRMO Strong Biomarker [12]
IL7R TTAWI51 Strong Biomarker [13]
JAK3 TTT7PJU Strong Genetic Variation [14]
MELTF TT8OBT3 Strong Altered Expression [15]
MIA TT5HNVS Strong Biomarker [16]
MLANA TT362RB Strong Biomarker [17]
MS4A1 TTUE541 Strong Biomarker [18]
OTC TT5KIO9 Strong Biomarker [19]
PNP TTMCF1Y Strong Biomarker [20]
PRKDC TTK3PY9 Strong Genetic Variation [21]
PTPRC TTUS45N Strong Biomarker [22]
SLC46A1 TTY8Z2E Strong Genetic Variation [23]
SRGN TTCHB06 Strong Altered Expression [24]
TFRC TT8MG4S Strong Biomarker [25]
CD3E TTZAT79 Definitive Biomarker [26]
ORAI1 TTE76YK Definitive Genetic Variation [27]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 25 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC20A1 DTMULXV Strong Altered Expression [28]
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This Disease Is Related to 2 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
AK2 DEY1FJO Strong Biomarker [29]
LDHC DEQG7F9 Strong Biomarker [30]
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This Disease Is Related to 60 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
PRM3 OT6574BF Limited Genetic Variation [31]
RASGRP3 OTEMEV3P Limited Biomarker [32]
TAPBP OTL81AVZ Disputed Biomarker [33]
BCL11B OT8KKCVJ moderate Biomarker [34]
CARD11 OTRCTLYC moderate Genetic Variation [35]
CD247 OT45FGUX moderate Biomarker [36]
FUT1 OTODG57A moderate Genetic Variation [37]
POTEF OTV3WXYE moderate Biomarker [38]
STIM1 OT8CLQ1W moderate Altered Expression [39]
TBX1 OTQLBPRA moderate Biomarker [40]
ABCE1 OTH19LOA Strong Biomarker [18]
ACTR2 OT3C8U5T Strong Biomarker [41]
AIRE OTA7G1Y1 Strong Altered Expression [42]
APBB1IP OTN02KUV Strong Biomarker [43]
ASAP2 OTGEXULW Strong Biomarker [44]
CCDC54 OTW5WCX9 Strong Biomarker [45]
CD3D OTRBLP0R Strong Genetic Variation [46]
CDH17 OT9EV2XK Strong Genetic Variation [47]
CER1 OTTAJJ63 Strong Biomarker [48]
CHD7 OTHNIZWZ Strong Genetic Variation [49]
CORO1A OTVAZOHC Strong Biomarker [50]
DCLRE1A OT68PVSD Strong Biomarker [51]
DCLRE1C OTW3KB1I Strong Genetic Variation [52]
DOCK2 OTZTS3PA Strong Biomarker [53]
DOCK8 OTNQLL21 Strong Biomarker [53]
EMP2 OTPS2H0L Strong Altered Expression [54]
EXTL3 OT2BRUBN Strong Biomarker [55]
FOXN1 OTE80D6I Strong Genetic Variation [56]
GPC5 OT8NR7GC Strong Altered Expression [57]
HIF3A OTPWAAMC Strong Altered Expression [58]
HPCA OTERUPP6 Strong Biomarker [59]
IER3 OTZJI5FZ Strong Altered Expression [60]
IL18R1 OT83XMPQ Strong Biomarker [8]
LBR OT1HG3HG Strong Biomarker [61]
LIG4 OT40DNXU Strong Biomarker [62]
MRPS30 OTDXIAGG Strong Biomarker [44]
MTHFD1 OTMKHVWC Strong Biomarker [63]
MTHFD1L OTV01EFP Strong Genetic Variation [64]
MTPAP OT6HQ02S Strong Biomarker [44]
MYO1E OTM9YSIZ Strong Altered Expression [65]
NHEJ1 OTYOO05J Strong Genetic Variation [66]
PACC1 OTKBS8CC Strong Biomarker [48]
PAPOLA OTPHD65D Strong Biomarker [44]
PAX1 OT0Y3MIM Strong Biomarker [67]
PDAP1 OTJSWMOD Strong Biomarker [44]
PDHX OTG7O271 Strong Biomarker [16]
PDLIM7 OTAZVODU Strong Genetic Variation [68]
PHB2 OTCAX3AW Strong Biomarker [69]
PKIG OTOIWE5G Strong CausalMutation [70]
POU1F1 OTXT8A5C Strong Altered Expression [28]
PRMT6 OT5V3XIN Strong Altered Expression [71]
PSMA6 OTJ6RPX5 Strong Altered Expression [65]
RFXAP OTX46DKQ Strong Altered Expression [72]
RTL1 OTOT33IM Strong Altered Expression [17]
SOX1 OTVI1RAR Strong Biomarker [73]
SP110 OTFW6WH7 Strong Genetic Variation [74]
SPA17 OT8J7T7U Strong Biomarker [45]
TCN2 OT41D0L3 Strong Biomarker [75]
TTC7A OTDHLPQM Strong Genetic Variation [76]
LDLRAP1 OT6QTX7R Definitive Biomarker [77]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 60 DOT(s)

References

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2 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04887298) Study of Liposomal Annamycin for the Treatment of Subjects With Soft-Tissue Sarcomas (STS) With Pulmonary Metastases. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
3 Calcineurin inhibitors exacerbate coronary arteritis via the MyD88 signalling pathway in a murine model of Kawasaki disease.Clin Exp Immunol. 2017 Oct;190(1):54-67. doi: 10.1111/cei.13002. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
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5 Primary myelofibrosis marrow-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes induce myelofibrosis-like phenotype in immunodeficient mice and give rise to megakaryocytes.PLoS One. 2019 Sep 30;14(9):e0222912. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222912. eCollection 2019.
6 Variable presentation of primary immune deficiency: two cases with CD3 gamma deficiency presenting with only autoimmunity.Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013 May;24(3):257-62. doi: 10.1111/pai.12063.
7 Cytochrome P450 2J2 is highly expressed in hematologic malignant diseases and promotes tumor cell growth.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Feb;336(2):344-55. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.174805. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
8 Absence of -Chain in Keratinocytes Alters Chemokine Secretion, Resulting in Reduced Immune Cell Recruitment.J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Oct;137(10):2120-2130. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.024. Epub 2017 Jun 17.
9 Formation of human IFN-beta complex with the soluble type I interferon receptor IFNAR-2 leads to enhanced IFN stability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in xenografted SCID mice.J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2004 Feb;24(2):119-29. doi: 10.1089/107999004322813363.
10 Novel IL2RG Mutation Causes Leaky TLOWB+NK+ SCID With Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia and Normal IL-15 STAT5 Phosphorylation.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2019 May;41(4):328-333. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001232.
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12 Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in IL-7 Receptor Gene in a 15-Month-Old Girl Presenting With Thrombocytopenia, Normal T Cell Count and Maternal Engraftment.Front Immunol. 2019 Oct 30;10:2471. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02471. eCollection 2019.
13 A novel pathogenic mutation on Interleukin-7 receptor leading to severe combined immunodeficiency identified with newborn screening and whole exome sequencing.J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Feb;53(1):99-105. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
14 Are peptides a solution for the treatment of hyperactivated JAK3 pathways?.Inflammopharmacology. 2019 Jun;27(3):433-452. doi: 10.1007/s10787-019-00589-2. Epub 2019 Mar 30.
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17 Adoptive transfer of an anti-MART-1(27-35)-specific CD8+ T cell clone leads to immunoselection of human melanoma antigen-loss variants in SCID mice.Eur J Immunol. 2003 Feb;33(2):556-66. doi: 10.1002/immu.200310032.
18 Highly potent anti-CD20-RLI immunocytokine targeting established human B lymphoma in SCID mouse.MAbs. 2014 Jul-Aug;6(4):1026-37. doi: 10.4161/mabs.28699.
19 Natural Flavonol, Myricetin, Enhances the Function and Survival of Cryopreserved Hepatocytes In Vitro and In Vivo.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 4;20(24):6123. doi: 10.3390/ijms20246123.
20 Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Findings in 57 Patients With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) From India.Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 4;10:23. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00023. eCollection 2019.
21 Comparative utility of NRG and NRGS mice for the study of normal hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis, and therapeutic response.Exp Hematol. 2018 Nov;67:18-31. doi: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.08.004. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
22 CD45 in human physiology and clinical medicine.Immunol Lett. 2018 Apr;196:22-32. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.009. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
23 Reversible severe combined immunodeficiency phenotype secondary to a mutation of the proton-coupled folate transporter.Clin Immunol. 2009 Dec;133(3):287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.08.006. Epub 2009 Sep 9.
24 Serglycin proteoglycan is required for multiple myeloma cell adhesion, in vivo growth, and vascularization.J Biol Chem. 2014 Feb 28;289(9):5499-509. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.532143. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
25 A missense mutation in TFRC, encoding transferrin receptor 1, causes combined immunodeficiency. Nat Genet. 2016 Jan;48(1):74-8. doi: 10.1038/ng.3465. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
26 Successful haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with SCID due to CD3 deficiency: need for IgG-substitution 6 years later.Klin Padiatr. 2014 May;226(3):149-53. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1361142. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
27 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Orai1 associated with atopic dermatitis inhibit protein turnover, decrease calcium entry and disrupt calcium-dependent gene expression.Hum Mol Genet. 2020 Jul 21;29(11):1808-1823. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddz223.
28 Cancer progression by breast tumors with Pit-1-overexpression is blocked by inhibition of metalloproteinase (MMP)-13.Breast Cancer Res. 2014 Dec 20;16(6):505. doi: 10.1186/s13058-014-0505-8.
29 Human adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes a profound hematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural deafness. Nat Genet. 2009 Jan;41(1):106-11. doi: 10.1038/ng.278. Epub 2008 Nov 30.
30 Differential expression of a human sperm-specific isozyme in seminoma cells transplanted in Scid-nu(str) mice.Jpn J Cancer Res. 1993 Mar;84(3):215-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02858.x.
31 Co-existence of clonal expanded autologous and transplacental-acquired maternal T cells in recombination activating gene-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency.Clin Exp Immunol. 2014 Jun;176(3):380-6. doi: 10.1111/cei.12273.
32 Function of RasGRP3 in the formation and progression of human breast cancer.Mol Cancer. 2014 Apr 29;13:96. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-96.
33 A subject with a novel type I bare lymphocyte syndrome has tapasin deficiency due to deletion of 4 exons by Alu-mediated recombination. Blood. 2002 Aug 15;100(4):1496-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0252.
34 Multisystem Anomalies in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency with Mutant BCL11B. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 1;375(22):2165-2176. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1509164.
35 Hypomorphic caspase activation and recruitment domain 11 (CARD11) mutations associated with diverse immunologic phenotypes with or without atopic disease.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Apr;143(4):1482-1495. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
36 T Lymphocytes in the Diagnosis of Human T Cell Receptor Immunodeficiencies.Front Immunol. 2015 Jan 29;6:20. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00020. eCollection 2015.
37 Parachuting in the epigenome: the biology of gene vector insertion profiles in the context of clinical trials.EMBO Mol Med. 2011 Feb;3(2):75-7. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201000110. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
38 Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency: Evaluation of a commercial T-cell receptor excision circle-based method in Victorian dried blood spots.J Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Jan;54(1):14-19. doi: 10.1111/jpc.13659. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
39 Combined immunodeficiency due to a homozygous mutation in ORAI1 that deletes the C-terminus that interacts with STIM 1.Clin Immunol. 2016 May;166-167:100-2. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.03.012. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
40 DiGeorge syndrome phenotype in mice mutant for the T-box gene, Tbx1.Nat Genet. 2001 Mar;27(3):286-91. doi: 10.1038/85845.
41 The actin regulator coronin 1A is mutant in a thymic egress-deficient mouse strain and in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency. Nat Immunol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1307-15. doi: 10.1038/ni.1662. Epub 2008 Oct 5.
42 Early defects in human T-cell development severely affect distribution and maturation of thymic stromal cells: possible implications for the pathophysiology of Omenn syndrome.Blood. 2009 Jul 2;114(1):105-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-211029. Epub 2009 May 4.
43 Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) protein controls invasion and growth of melanoma cells.J Biol Chem. 2011 May 27;286(21):18492-504. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.189811. Epub 2011 Mar 26.
44 Effective immunochemotherapy of human t(4;11) leukemia in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) using B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein immunotoxin plus cyclophosphamide.Leukemia. 1993 Feb;7(2):290-7.
45 A NOD/SCID tumor model for human ovarian cancer that allows tracking of tumor progression through the biomarker Sp17.J Immunol Methods. 2007 Apr 10;321(1-2):86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.010. Epub 2007 Feb 9.
46 The respiratory presentation of severe combined immunodeficiency in two Mennonite children at a tertiary centre highlighting the importance of recognizing this pediatric emergency.Can Respir J. 2014 Jan-Feb;21(1):17-9. doi: 10.1155/2014/404506. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
47 Cadherin 17 mutation associated with leaky severe combined immune deficiency is corrected by HSCT.Blood Adv. 2017 Oct 23;1(23):2083-2087. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010926. eCollection 2017 Oct 24.
48 A 1-Mb PAC contig spanning the common eliminated region 1 (CER1) in microcell hybrid-derived SCID tumors.Genomics. 1999 Dec 1;62(2):147-55. doi: 10.1006/geno.1999.5952.
49 Disseminated BCG pneumonitis revealing severe combined immunodeficiencyxs in CHARGE syndrome.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017 Feb;52(2):E4-E6. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23533. Epub 2016 Nov 22.
50 Recurrent viral infections associated with a homozygous CORO1A mutation that disrupts oligomerization and cytoskeletal association.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Mar;137(3):879-88.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.020. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
51 A founder mutation in Artemis, an SNM1-like protein, causes SCID in Athabascan-speaking Native Americans. J Immunol. 2002 Jun 15;168(12):6323-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6323.
52 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting in childhood, with agammaglobulinemia, associated with novel compound heterozygous mutations in DCLRE1C.Clin Immunol. 2019 Mar;200:16-18. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.12.019. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
53 DOCK family proteins: key players in immune surveillance mechanisms.Int Immunol. 2020 Jan 9;32(1):5-15. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxz067.
54 Epithelial membrane protein 2 is a prognostic indictor for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.Am J Pathol. 2013 Sep;183(3):709-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.015. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
55 Mutations in EXTL3 Cause Neuro-immuno-skeletal Dysplasia Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2017 Feb 2;100(2):281-296. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
56 FOXN1 compound heterozygous mutations cause selective thymic hypoplasia in humans.J Clin Invest. 2019 Nov 1;129(11):4724-4738. doi: 10.1172/JCI127565.
57 Glypican-5 suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of the lung adenocarcinoma by competitively binding to Wnt3a.Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 29;7(48):79736-79746. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12945.
58 Dominant-negative HIF-3 alpha 4 suppresses VHL-null renal cell carcinoma progression.Cell Cycle. 2007 Nov 15;6(22):2810-6. doi: 10.4161/cc.6.22.4947. Epub 2007 Aug 29.
59 Role of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta1 in the angiogenesis and metastasis of human prostate primary tumor lines from orthotopic implants in severe combined immunodeficiency mice.Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Mar;5(3):711-20.
60 The apoptosis-inducing effect of gastrin on colorectal cancer cells relates to an increased IEX-1 expression mediating NF-kappa B inhibition.Oncogene. 2008 Feb 14;27(8):1122-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210728. Epub 2007 Aug 20.
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62 Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in two brothers with DNA ligase IV deficiency: a case report and review of the literature.BMC Pediatr. 2019 Oct 11;19(1):346. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1724-z.
63 Precision Molecular Diagnosis Defines Specific Therapy in Combined Immunodeficiency with Megaloblastic Anemia Secondary to MTHFD1 Deficiency.J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016 Nov-Dec;4(6):1160-1166.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.014. Epub 2016 Oct 1.
64 Update and new concepts in vitamin responsive disorders of folate transport and metabolism.J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Jul;35(4):665-70. doi: 10.1007/s10545-011-9418-1. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
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66 An immunocompetent patient with a nonsense mutation in NHEJ1 gene.BMC Med Genet. 2019 Mar 21;20(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12881-019-0784-0.
67 A novel PAX1 null homozygous mutation in autosomal recessive otofaciocervical syndrome associated with severe combined immunodeficiency. Clin Genet. 2017 Dec;92(6):664-668. doi: 10.1111/cge.13085. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
68 Latent membrane protein 1 is critical for efficient growth transformation of human B cells by epstein-barr virus.Cancer Res. 2003 Jun 1;63(11):2982-9.
69 Evaluation of the relationship between [18F]FDG and P-glycoprotein expression: an experimental study.Nucl Med Biol. 2012 Jul;39(5):671-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
70 Gene therapy for immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency.N Engl J Med. 2009 Jan 29;360(5):447-58. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805817.
71 p53-Independent regulation of p21Waf1/Cip1 expression and senescence by PRMT6.Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Oct;40(19):9534-42. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks858. Epub 2012 Sep 16.
72 Conserved residues of the bare lymphocyte syndrome transcription factor RFXAP determine coordinate MHC class II expression.Mol Immunol. 2006 Feb;43(5):395-409. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.03.008. Epub 2005 Apr 12.
73 SOX1 suppresses cell growth and invasion in cervical cancer.Gynecol Oncol. 2013 Oct;131(1):174-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.111. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
74 Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (VODI): first reported case in the U.S. and identification of a unique mutation in Sp110.Clin Immunol. 2012 Nov;145(2):102-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.07.016. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
75 TC II deficiency: avoidance of false-negative molecular genetics by RNA-based investigations.J Hum Genet. 2009 Jun;54(6):331-4. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2009.34. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
76 Congenital intestinal atresias with multiple episodes of sepsis: A case report and review of literature.Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jun;97(23):e10939. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010939.
77 Heterotransplantation of human multiple myeloma cell lines in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice.Anticancer Res. 1993 May-Jun;13(3):593-7.