General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTNBXH32)

DOT Name Ski-like protein (SKIL)
Synonyms Ski-related oncogene; Ski-related protein
Gene Name SKIL
Related Disease
Squamous cell carcinoma ( )
Adenoma ( )
Alzheimer disease ( )
Autism spectrum disorder ( )
Autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 6 ( )
Autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease 2 ( )
Barrett esophagus ( )
Brain neoplasm ( )
Carcinoma ( )
Carcinoma of esophagus ( )
Chagas disease ( )
Colorectal neoplasm ( )
Diabetic kidney disease ( )
Esophageal cancer ( )
Familial hyperinsulinism ( )
Huntington disease ( )
Neoplasm of esophagus ( )
Pancreatic cancer ( )
Pancreatic tumour ( )
Parkinson disease ( )
Pulmonary arterial hypertension ( )
Pulmonary fibrosis ( )
Renal fibrosis ( )
Schizophrenia ( )
Skin disease ( )
Advanced cancer ( )
Coronary heart disease ( )
Melanoma ( )
Neuroblastoma ( )
Non-insulin dependent diabetes ( )
Non-small-cell lung cancer ( )
Prostate cancer ( )
Prostate carcinoma ( )
UniProt ID
SKIL_HUMAN
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
Download
3D Structure (PDB)
Download
PDB ID
3EQ5; 5C4V
Pfam ID
PF08782 ; PF02437
Sequence
MENLQTNFSLVQGSTKKLNGMGDDGSPPAKKMITDIHANGKTINKVPTVKKEHLDDYGEA
PVETDGEHVKRTCTSVPETLHLNPSLKHTLAQFHLSSQSSLGGPAAFSARHSQESMSPTV
FLPLPSPQVLPGPLLIPSDSSTELTQTVLEGESISCFQVGGEKRLCLPQVLNSVLREFTL
QQINTVCDELYIYCSRCTSDQLHILKVLGILPFNAPSCGLITLTDAQRLCNALLRPRTFP
QNGSVLPAKSSLAQLKETGSAFEVEHECLGKCQGLFAPQFYVQPDAPCIQCLECCGMFAP
QTFVMHSHRSPDKRTCHWGFESAKWHCYLHVNQKYLGTPEEKKLKIILEEMKEKFSMRSG
KRNQSKTDAPSGMELQSWYPVIKQEGDHVSQTHSFLHPSYYLYMCDKVVAPNVSLTSAVS
QSKELTKTEASKSISRQSEKAHSSGKLQKTVSYPDVSLEEQEKMDLKTSRELCSRLDASI
SNNSTSKRKSESATCNLVRDINKVGIGLVAAASSPLLVKDVICEDDKGKIMEEVMRTYLK
QQEKLNLILQKKQQLQMEVKMLSSSKSMKELTEEQQNLQKELESLQNEHAQRMEEFYVEQ
KDLEKKLEQIMKQKCTCDSNLEKDKEAEYAGQLAELRQRLDHAEADRQELQDELRQEREA
RQKLEMMIKELKLQILKSSKTAKE
Function May have regulatory role in cell division or differentiation in response to extracellular signals.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform SNON and isoform SNOA are widely expressed. Highest expression is found in skeletal muscle, followed by placenta and lung. Lowest expression in heart, brain and pancreas. Isoform SNOI expression is restricted to skeletal muscle.
KEGG Pathway
TGF-beta sig.ling pathway (hsa04350 )
Sig.ling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (hsa04550 )
Reactome Pathway
Downregulation of SMAD2/3 (R-HSA-2173795 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

33 Disease(s) Related to This DOT
Disease Name Disease ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
Squamous cell carcinoma DISQVIFL Definitive Altered Expression [1]
Adenoma DIS78ZEV Strong Altered Expression [2]
Alzheimer disease DISF8S70 Strong Biomarker [3]
Autism spectrum disorder DISXK8NV Strong Biomarker [4]
Autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 6 DISHVLD5 Strong Biomarker [5]
Autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease 2 DISNSTD1 Strong Biomarker [5]
Barrett esophagus DIS416Y7 Strong Altered Expression [6]
Brain neoplasm DISY3EKS Strong Biomarker [7]
Carcinoma DISH9F1N Strong Biomarker [8]
Carcinoma of esophagus DISS6G4D Strong Biomarker [9]
Chagas disease DIS8KNVF Strong Biomarker [10]
Colorectal neoplasm DISR1UCN Strong Biomarker [11]
Diabetic kidney disease DISJMWEY Strong Altered Expression [12]
Esophageal cancer DISGB2VN Strong Biomarker [9]
Familial hyperinsulinism DISHQKQE Strong Genetic Variation [13]
Huntington disease DISQPLA4 Strong Biomarker [14]
Neoplasm of esophagus DISOLKAQ Strong Biomarker [9]
Pancreatic cancer DISJC981 Strong Biomarker [15]
Pancreatic tumour DIS3U0LK Strong Biomarker [13]
Parkinson disease DISQVHKL Strong Altered Expression [16]
Pulmonary arterial hypertension DISP8ZX5 Strong Biomarker [17]
Pulmonary fibrosis DISQKVLA Strong Therapeutic [18]
Renal fibrosis DISMHI3I Strong Biomarker [19]
Schizophrenia DISSRV2N Strong Altered Expression [20]
Skin disease DISDW8R6 Strong Biomarker [21]
Advanced cancer DISAT1Z9 Limited Biomarker [22]
Coronary heart disease DIS5OIP1 Limited Altered Expression [23]
Melanoma DIS1RRCY Limited Altered Expression [24]
Neuroblastoma DISVZBI4 Limited Biomarker [25]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes DISK1O5Z Limited Biomarker [23]
Non-small-cell lung cancer DIS5Y6R9 Limited Biomarker [26]
Prostate cancer DISF190Y Limited Biomarker [27]
Prostate carcinoma DISMJPLE Limited Biomarker [27]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 33 Disease(s)
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
19 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate decreases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [28]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Approved Ciclosporin increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [29]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Approved Tretinoin increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [30]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Approved Acetaminophen increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [31]
Cupric Sulfate DMP0NFQ Approved Cupric Sulfate increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [32]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Approved Cisplatin decreases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [33]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Approved Estradiol increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [34]
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 Approved Arsenic decreases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [21]
Decitabine DMQL8XJ Approved Decitabine affects the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [36]
Demecolcine DMCZQGK Approved Demecolcine increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [37]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 Phase 1 Benzo(a)pyrene increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [39]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Phase 1 Trial Leflunomide increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [40]
Bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Investigative Bisphenol A increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [43]
Trichostatin A DM9C8NX Investigative Trichostatin A decreases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [44]
Coumestrol DM40TBU Investigative Coumestrol decreases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [45]
Sulforaphane DMQY3L0 Investigative Sulforaphane increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [46]
Acetaldehyde DMJFKG4 Investigative Acetaldehyde increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [47]
Resorcinol DMM37C0 Investigative Resorcinol decreases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [48]
N-nonylphenol DMH3OUX Investigative N-nonylphenol increases the expression of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [43]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 19 Drug(s)
1 Drug(s) Affected the Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
DNCB DMDTVYC Phase 2 DNCB affects the binding of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [38]
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2 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
TAK-243 DM4GKV2 Phase 1 TAK-243 increases the sumoylation of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [41]
PMID28870136-Compound-52 DMFDERP Patented PMID28870136-Compound-52 decreases the phosphorylation of Ski-like protein (SKIL). [42]
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References

1 SnoN overexpression is predictive of poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Oct;15(10):2965-75. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-9986-y. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
2 TGF-beta repressors SnoN and Ski are implicated in human colorectal carcinogenesis.Cell Oncol. 2009;31(1):41-51. doi: 10.3233/clo-2009-0460.
3 The roles of S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation in Alzheimer's disease.Methods Enzymol. 2019;626:499-538. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.08.004.
4 Shank3 mutation in a mouse model of autism leads to changes in the S-nitroso-proteome and affects key proteins involved in vesicle release and synaptic function.Mol Psychiatry. 2020 Aug;25(8):1835-1848. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0113-6. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
5 S-Nitrosylation of PINK1 Attenuates PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy in hiPSC-Based Parkinson's Disease Models.Cell Rep. 2017 Nov 21;21(8):2171-2182. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.068.
6 Ski/SnoN expression in the sequence metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus.Hum Pathol. 2008 Mar;39(3):403-9. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.07.009.
7 Anticonvulsant prophylaxis and steroid use in adults with metastatic brain tumors: summary of SNO and ASCO endorsement of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons guidelines.Neuro Oncol. 2019 Mar 18;21(4):424-427. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noz034.
8 Amplification of Cyclin L1 is associated with lymph node metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Br J Cancer. 2005 Feb 28;92(4):770-4. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602400.
9 A Comparison of the Toxicity of Mono, Bis, Tris and Tetrakis Phosphino Silver Complexes on SNO Esophageal Cancer Cells.Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2018;18(3):394-400. doi: 10.2174/1871520617666170522123742.
10 Potential Utility of Protein Targets of Cysteine-S-Nitrosylation in Identifying Clinical Disease Status in Human Chagas Disease.Front Microbiol. 2019 Jan 15;9:3320. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03320. eCollection 2018.
11 Enhancement of TGF- signaling responses by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Arkadia provides tumor suppression in colorectal cancer.Cancer Res. 2011 Oct 15;71(20):6438-49. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1645.
12 TAK1 may promote the development of diabetic nephropathy by reducing the stability of SnoN protein.Life Sci. 2019 Jul 1;228:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.058. Epub 2019 Apr 24.
13 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in a neonate with congenital hyperinsulinism and a de novo germline SKIL gene mutation.Pancreatology. 2015 Mar-Apr;15(2):194-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
14 S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1 mediates mutant huntingtin-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal injury in Huntington's disease.Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Oct 10;19(11):1173-84. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4928. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
15 The influence of SnoN gene silencing by siRNA on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells.Diagn Pathol. 2015 Apr 18;10:30. doi: 10.1186/s13000-015-0267-3.
16 The Essential Role of Drp1 and Its Regulation by S-Nitrosylation of Parkin in Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration: Implications for Parkinson's Disease.Antioxid Redox Signal. 2016 Oct 10;25(11):609-622. doi: 10.1089/ars.2016.6634. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
17 A novel S-nitrosocaptopril monohydrate for pulmonary arterial hypertension: H(2)O and -SNO intermolecular stabilization chemistry.Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Dec;129:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.020. Epub 2018 Sep 15.
18 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats possibly through up-regulation of Smad 7 and SnoN.Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Jul;57:330-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.045. Epub 2013 Apr 13.
19 SnoN upregulation ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.PLoS One. 2017 Mar 28;12(3):e0174471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174471. eCollection 2017.
20 Exploring Transcription Factors-microRNAs Co-regulation Networks in Schizophrenia.Schizophr Bull. 2016 Jul;42(4):1037-45. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbv170. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
21 Gene expression profiles in peripheral lymphocytes by arsenic exposure and skin lesion status in a Bangladeshi population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Jul;15(7):1367-75. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0106.
22 The regulatory protein SnoN antagonizes activin/Smad2 protein signaling and thereby promotes adipocyte differentiation and obesity in mice.J Biol Chem. 2018 Sep 7;293(36):14100-14111. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.003678. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
23 A comparison of gene expression profiles in patients with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and their coexisting conditions.Diagn Pathol. 2017 Jun 8;12(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13000-017-0630-7.
24 Efficient TGF-/SMAD signaling in human melanoma cells associated with high c-SKI/SnoN expression.Mol Cancer. 2011 Jan 6;10(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-2.
25 A-affected pathogenic induction of S-nitrosylation of OGT and identification of Cys-NO linkage triplet.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 May;1864(5):609-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
26 TERC identified as a probable target within the 3q26 amplicon that is detected frequently in non-small cell lung cancers.Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 15;9(13):4705-13.
27 Recurrent SKIL-activating rearrangements in ETS-negative prostate cancer.Oncotarget. 2015 Mar 20;6(8):6235-50. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.3359.
28 Stem cell transcriptome responses and corresponding biomarkers that indicate the transition from adaptive responses to cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Apr 17;30(4):905-922.
29 Integrating multiple omics to unravel mechanisms of Cyclosporin A induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):489-501.
30 Development of a neural teratogenicity test based on human embryonic stem cells: response to retinoic acid exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Dec;124(2):370-7.
31 Multiple microRNAs function as self-protective modules in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in humans. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Feb;92(2):845-858.
32 Physiological and toxicological transcriptome changes in HepG2 cells exposed to copper. Physiol Genomics. 2009 Aug 7;38(3):386-401.
33 Activation of AIFM2 enhances apoptosis of human lung cancer cells undergoing toxicological stress. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 6;258:227-236.
34 Genistein and bisphenol A exposure cause estrogen receptor 1 to bind thousands of sites in a cell type-specific manner. Genome Res. 2012 Nov;22(11):2153-62.
35 Gene expression profiles in peripheral lymphocytes by arsenic exposure and skin lesion status in a Bangladeshi population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Jul;15(7):1367-75. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0106.
36 Acute hypersensitivity of pluripotent testicular cancer-derived embryonal carcinoma to low-dose 5-aza deoxycytidine is associated with global DNA Damage-associated p53 activation, anti-pluripotency and DNA demethylation. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e53003. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053003. Epub 2012 Dec 27.
37 Characterization of formaldehyde's genotoxic mode of action by gene expression analysis in TK6 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Nov;87(11):1999-2012.
38 Proteomic analysis of the cellular response to a potent sensitiser unveils the dynamics of haptenation in living cells. Toxicology. 2020 Dec 1;445:152603. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152603. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
39 Transcriptional signature of human macrophages exposed to the environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Apr;114(2):247-59.
40 Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
41 Inhibiting ubiquitination causes an accumulation of SUMOylated newly synthesized nuclear proteins at PML bodies. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15218-15234. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009147. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
42 Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveal cellular responses from caffeine, coumarin and quercetin in treated HepG2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 15;449:116110. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116110. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
43 Effects of 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A on stimulation of cell growth via disruption of the transforming growth factor- signaling pathway in ovarian cancer models. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Jan 21;27(1):119-28. doi: 10.1021/tx400365z. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
44 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
45 Pleiotropic combinatorial transcriptomes of human breast cancer cells exposed to mixtures of dietary phytoestrogens. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Apr;47(4):787-95.
46 Sulforaphane-induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells through extrinsic and intrinsic signal pathways and altering associated genes expression assayed by cDNA microarray. Environ Toxicol. 2017 Jan;32(1):311-328.
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