General Information of Drug (ID: DM8VCBE)

Drug Name
Ibuprofen
Synonyms
ibuprofen; 15687-27-1; 2-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid; Motrin; Brufen; Advil; Nurofen; Dolgit; Nuprin; Liptan; Ibuprocin; Buburone; Medipren; Butylenin; Ibumetin; Anflagen; Lamidon; Ebufac; Mynosedin; Trendar; Roidenin; Apsifen; Haltran; Epobron; Nobgen; Adran; Nobfen; Rufen; PediaProfen; Andran; Bluton; Nobfelon; Pantrop; Brufort; Suspren; Rebugen; Tabalon; Inabrin; (RS)-Ibuprofen; Urem; Anco; 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid; Ibu-slo; Napacetin; Brufanic; Ibuprohm; Ibufen; Ibren; 4-Isobutylhydratropic acid; p-Isobutylhydratropic acid; Actiprofen; Alaxan; Algofen; Amelior; Amersol; Amibufen; Anafen; Antagil; Antalfene; Antarene; Antiflam; Artofen; Artril; Balkaprofen; Betaprofen; Bloom; Brofen; Bruflam; Bufeno; Bufigen; Bukrefen; Bupron; Buracaps; Burana; Carol;Cesra; Citalgan; Cobo; Codral; Combiflam; Cunil; Daiprophen; Dalsy; Dansida; Dentigoa; Dibufen; Dignoflex; Dolgirid; Dolibu; Dolmaral; Dolocyl; Dolofen; Dolofin; Dolofort; Dologel; Dolomax; Doloren; Dolormin; Doltibil; Dolven; Dorival; Drin; Duafen; Duobrus; Dysdolen; Easifon; Emflam; Eputex; Ergix; Esprenit; Exneural; Faspic; Femadon; Femafen; Femapirin; Femidol; Fenbid;Fendol; Fenspan; Fibraflex; Gelufene; Gofen; Grefen; Gynofug; Ibol; Ibu; Ibubest; Ibubeta; Ibucasen; Ibudol; Ibudolor; Ibuflamar; Ibufug; Ibugel; Ibugen; Ibugesic; Ibuhexal; Ibulagic; Ibular; Ibulav; Ibuleve; Ibulgan; Ibumed; Ibumerck; Ibupirac; Ibuprin; Ibuprofene; Ibuprofeno; Ibuprofenum; Ibuprophen; Ibusal; Ibutid; Ifen; Inflam; Inoven; Ipren; Irfen; Isodol; Jenaprofen; Junifen; Kesan; Kratalgin; Lebrufen; Librofem; Lidifen; Lopane; Malafene; Manypren; Melfen; Mensoton; Midol; Moment; Narfen; Neobrufen; Nerofen; Noalgil; Nobafon; Noritis; Norton; Novadol; Novogent; Novoprofen; Nuprilan; Optifen; Opturem; Oralfene; Ostarin; Ostofen; Ozonol; Paduden; Panafen; Paxofen; Perofen; Proartinal; Profen; Proflex; Provon; Quadrax; Rafen; Ranofen; Relcofen; Rhinadvil; Rofen; Rufin; Rupan; Sadefen; Salivia; Salprofen; Seclodin; Sednafen; Seklodin; Seskafen; Siyafen; Solpaflex; Solufen; Stelar; Sugafen; Suprafen; Syntofene; Tatanal; Tempil; Tofen; Tonal; Unipron; Upfen; Uprofen; Zafen; Zofen; DOLO PUREN; Deep Relief; Donjust B; Motrin IB; Novogent N; Togal N; Adex 200; Artril 300; Brufen 400; I 4883; IP 82; IP82; Midol 200; RD 13621; Tabalon 400; U 18573; UCB 79171; VUFB 9649; Act-3; Advil (TN); Ak+C2278tren; Aktre (TN); Alaxan (TN); Algoflex (TN); Alivium (TN); Am-Fam 400; Apsifen-F; Arthrofen (TN); Bonifen (TN); Brufen (TN); Bugesic (TN); Burana (TN); Caldolor (TN); Calprofen (TN); Cap-Profen; Dalsy (TN); Dismenol (TN); Diverin (TN); Dolgit (TN); Dolo-Dolgit; Dolofen-F; Dolofort (TN); Doloraz (TN); Dolormin (TN); Dorival (TN); Dura-Ibu; Ebufac (TN); Emflam-200; EmuProfen (TN); Espidifen (TN); Eve (TN); Fenbid (TN); Fenpaed (TN); Finalflex (TN); Galprofen (TN); Hedex (TN); Herron Blue (TN); IB-100; IBUFEN (TN); IP-82; Ibalgin (TN); Ibu-Attritin; Ibu-Tab; Ibu-Tab 200; Ibu-slow; IbuHEXAL (TN); Ibugel (TN); Ibuleve (TN); Ibum (TN); Ibumax (TN); Ibumetin (TN); Ibuprom (TN); Ibuprosyn (TN); Ibux (TN); Ibuxin (TN); Ipren (TN); Kratalgin (TN); Medicol (TN); Moment (TN); Motrin (TN); Nagifen-D; Narfen (TN); Neo-Helvagit; Neo-Mindol; Neobrufen (TN); Neofen (TN); Norvectan (TN); Novo-Profen; Nuprin (TN); Nureflex (TN); Nurofen (TN); Orbifen (TN); Panafen (TN); Pedia-Profen; Perifar (TN); Profin (TN); Ratiodolor (TN); Retard (TN); Rimafen (TN); Salvarina (TN); Solpaflex (TN); Spedifen (TN); Speedpain NANO (TN); Spidifen (TN); Tab-Profen; U-18573; Upfen (TN); ACHES-N-PAIN; Act-3 (TN); Dolo-Spedifen (TN); I-profen (TN); IBU-Ratiopharm (TN); Ibu-Vivimed (TN); U-18,573; IBUPROPHEN
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Analgesics
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 206.28
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 3.5
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 2
ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 70 mgh/L [3]
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 20 mg/L [3]
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 2 h [3]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [4]
Bioavailability
85% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [5]
Clearance
The clearance of drug is 3-13 L/h [6]
Elimination
Ibuprofen is rapidly metabolized and eliminated in the urine thus, this via accounts for more than 90% of the administered dose [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 1.2 - 2 hours [3]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the liver [3]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 193.9044 micromolar/kg/day [7]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.006% [8]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 0.1 L/kg [9]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.038 mg/mL [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C13H18O2
IUPAC Name
2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C(=O)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H18O2/c1-9(2)8-11-4-6-12(7-5-11)10(3)13(14)15/h4-7,9-10H,8H2,1-3H3,(H,14,15)
InChIKey
HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
3672
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:5855
CAS Number
15687-27-1
DrugBank ID
DB01050
TTD ID
D0R1QE
VARIDT ID
DR00663
INTEDE ID
DR0844
ACDINA ID
D00320

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CXCR1) TTMWT8Z CXCR1_HUMAN Inhibitor [10]
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) TT30C9G CXCR2_HUMAN Inhibitor [10]
Interleukin-8 (IL8) TTCTE1G IL8_HUMAN Inhibitor [11]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2) TTVKILB PGH2_HUMAN Inhibitor [12], [13], [14]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Probable small intestine urate exporter (SLC17A4) DTHE530 S17A4_HUMAN Substrate [15]
Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (SLC16A7) DTLT3UG MOT2_HUMAN Substrate [16]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [17]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Main DME
DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [18]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Substrate [18]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [19]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Substrate [20]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) DE85D2P UD19_HUMAN Substrate [20]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 (UGT1A3) DEF2WXN UD13_HUMAN Substrate [20]
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (ACOT2) DEMEPVJ ACOT2_HUMAN Substrate [21]
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) DEGKWJB AMACR_HUMAN Substrate [22]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Pain
ICD Disease Classification MG30-MG3Z
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2) DTT PTGS2 7.93E-04 -0.29 -0.34
Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (SLC16A7) DTP MCT2 9.19E-03 -3.31E-01 -5.56E-01
Probable small intestine urate exporter (SLC17A4) DTP SLC17A4 8.94E-01 -9.82E-03 -6.82E-02
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DME CYP2C8 1.82E-04 -1.35E-01 -5.84E-01
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DME CYP2C19 2.40E-01 -3.31E-02 -1.97E-01
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) DME AMACR 9.28E-01 -1.12E-02 -5.32E-02
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DME CYP2C9 1.90E-01 -9.81E-03 -5.96E-02
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DME CYP3A4 1.04E-02 6.29E-02 3.54E-01
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Ibuprofen (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Remdesivir DMBFZ6L Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Remdesivir. 1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019] [94]
Glipizide DMZA5PQ Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Ibuprofen and Glipizide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [95]
Arn-509 DMT81LZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Arn-509 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [96]
Inotersen DMJ93CT Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Inotersen. Amyloidosis [5D00] [96]
Cilostazol DMZMSCT Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Cilostazol. Arterial occlusive disease [BD40] [97]
Budesonide DMJIBAW Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Ibuprofen and Budesonide. Asthma [CA23] [98]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Ibuprofen and Ofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [99]
Kanamycin DM2DMPO Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Kanamycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [100]
Sparfloxacin DMB4HCT Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Ibuprofen and Sparfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [99]
Streptomycin DME1LQN Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Streptomycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [100]
Gemifloxacin DMHT34O Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Ibuprofen and Gemifloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [99]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Ibuprofen and Norfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [99]
ABT-492 DMJFD2I Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Ibuprofen and ABT-492. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [99]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Ibuprofen and Levofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [99]
Etidronic acid DM1XHYJ Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Etidronic acid. Bone paget disease [FB85] [101]
Pexidartinib DMS2J0Z Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Pexidartinib. Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B] [102]
Alpelisib DMEXMYK Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Alpelisib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [103]
Trastuzumab Emtansine DMU1LXS Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Trastuzumab Emtansine. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [97]
Iodipamide DMXIQYS Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Iodipamide. Cholelithiasis [DC11] [104]
Levomilnacipran DMV26S8 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Levomilnacipran. Chronic pain [MG30] [105]
Regorafenib DMHSY1I Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Regorafenib. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [96]
Drospirenone DM1A9W3 Moderate Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Ibuprofen and Drospirenone. Contraceptive management [QA21] [106]
Ardeparin DMYRX8B Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Ardeparin. Coronary thrombosis [BA43] [107]
Lumacaftor DMCLWDJ Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Lumacaftor mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [108]
Ivacaftor DMZC1HS Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Ivacaftor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [109]
MK-8228 DMOB58Q Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by MK-8228 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82] [110]
Danaparoid DM6CLBN Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Danaparoid. Deep vein thrombosis [BD71] [107]
Rivaroxaban DMQMBZ1 Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Rivaroxaban. Deep vein thrombosis [BD71] [111]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Sertraline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [105]
Vilazodone DM4LECQ Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Vilazodone. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [105]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Vortioxetine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [105]
Milnacipran DMBFE74 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Milnacipran. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [105]
Desvenlafaxine DMHD4PE Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Desvenlafaxine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [105]
Clomipramine DMINRKW Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Clomipramine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [105]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Cannabidiol. Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62] [96]
Tazemetostat DMWP1BH Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Tazemetostat. Follicular lymphoma [2A80] [97]
Avapritinib DMK2GZX Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Avapritinib. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [96]
Sulfinpyrazone DMEV954 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Sulfinpyrazone. Gout [FA25] [97]
Rifapentine DMCHV4I Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [112]
Brentuximab vedotin DMWLC57 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Brentuximab vedotin. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [113]
Etravirine DMGV8QU Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Etravirine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [114]
Mipomersen DMGSRN1 Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Mipomersen. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [115]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [116]
BMS-201038 DMQTAGO Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and BMS-201038. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [117]
PF-06463922 DMKM7EW Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [94]
Idelalisib DM602WT Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Idelalisib. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [118]
Acalabrutinib DM7GCVW Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Acalabrutinib. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [119]
Ibrutinib DMHZCPO Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Ibrutinib. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [120]
Ponatinib DMYGJQO Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Ponatinib. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [121]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [96]
Exjade DMHPRWG Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Exjade. Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64] [122]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Panobinostat. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [94]
Deflazacort DMV0RNS Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Ibuprofen and Deflazacort. Muscular dystrophy [8C70] [98]
Ruxolitinib DM7Q98D Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Ruxolitinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [97]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Dasatinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [123]
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate DMPU2WX Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Omacetaxine mepesuccinate. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [124]
Prasugrel DM7MT6E Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Prasugrel. Myocardial infarction [BA41-BA43] [96]
Sibutramine DMFJTDI Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Sibutramine. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [105]
Dexfenfluramine DMJ7YDS Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Dexfenfluramine. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [105]
Polythiazide DMCH80F Moderate Antagonize the effect of Ibuprofen when combined with Polythiazide. Oedema [MG29] [125]
Rucaparib DM9PVX8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [126]
MK-4827 DMLYGH4 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and MK-4827. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [96]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Moderate Increased metabolism of Ibuprofen caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate cancer [2C82] [127]
Epoprostenol DMUTYR2 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Epoprostenol. Pulmonary hypertension [BB01] [128]
Iloprost DMVPZBE Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Iloprost. Pulmonary hypertension [BB01] [128]
Everolimus DM8X2EH Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Everolimus. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [129]
Temsirolimus DMS104F Major Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Temsirolimus. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [129]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Ibuprofen and Dexamethasone. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [98]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [116]
Trabectedin DMG3Y89 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Trabectedin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [96]
Pitolisant DM8RFNJ Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Ibuprofen and Pitolisant. Somnolence [MG42] [96]
Caplacizumab DMPUKA7 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Caplacizumab. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [97]
Apixaban DM89JLN Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Apixaban. Thrombosis [DB61-GB90] [96]
Cangrelor DM8JRH0 Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Cangrelor. Thrombosis [DB61-GB90] [97]
Brilinta DMBR01X Moderate Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Brilinta. Thrombosis [DB61-GB90] [96]
Cabozantinib DMIYDT4 Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Cabozantinib. Thyroid cancer [2D10] [130]
Tolbutamide DM02AWV Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Ibuprofen and Tolbutamide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [95]
Olsalazine DMZW9HA Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Olsalazine. Ulcerative colitis [DD71] [131]
Plazomicin DMKMBES Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Ibuprofen and Plazomicin. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [100]
Betrixaban DM2C4RF Major Increased risk of bleeding by the combination of Ibuprofen and Betrixaban. Venous thromboembolism [BD72] [132]
⏷ Show the Full List of 80 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Acesulfame E00341 36573 Flavoring agent
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
Aspartame E00402 134601 Flavoring agent
Calcium carbonate E00198 10112 Binding agent; Buffering agent; Diluent; Opacifying agent
D&C red no. 27 E00381 83511 Colorant
D&C red no. 30 E00456 3000709 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Fumaric acid E00420 444972 Acidulant; Antioxidant; Complexing agent; Flavoring agent; Solubilizing agent
Glyceryl monostearate E00310 24699 Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Viscosity-controlling agent
Hydrazine yellow E00409 164825 Colorant
Isopropyl alcohol E00070 3776 Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Kyselina citronova E00014 311 Acidulant; Antioxidant; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Flavoring agent
Mannitol E00103 6251 Diluent; Flavoring agent; Lyophilization aid; Plasticizing agent; Tonicity agent
methylparaben E00149 7456 Antimicrobial preservative
Monoammonium glycyrrhizate E00352 62074 Emulsifying agent; Flavoring agent
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate E00141 7175 Antimicrobial preservative
Propyl gallate E00075 4947 Antimicrobial preservative; Antioxidant
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sodium benzoate E00432 517055 Antimicrobial preservative; lubricant
Sodium citrate anhydrous E00102 6224 Alkalizing agent; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Emulsifying agent
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Sorbitol monooleate E00497 6436309 Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Surfactant
Stearic acid E00079 5281 Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Succinic acid E00044 1110 Buffering agent
Sucralose E00370 71485 Flavoring agent
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Ammonia E00007 222 Alkalizing agent
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Caramel E00350 61634 Colorant; Flavoring agent
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium E00621 Not Available Adsorbent; Binding agent; Disintegrant; Emulsifying agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Carmellose sodium E00625 Not Available Disintegrant
Crospovidone E00626 Not Available Disintegrant
Dextrin E00359 62698 Binding agent; Diluent; Microencapsulating agent; Stiffening agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Dextrose monohydrate E00538 22814120 Binding agent; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Tonicity agent
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Elemental iron E00280 23925 Other agent
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Ferrous oxide E00241 14945 Colorant
Glycerin E00026 753 Antimicrobial preservative; Emollient; Flavoring agent; Humectant; Lubricant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; Tonicity agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Hexahydric alcohol E00083 5780 Diluent; Flavoring agent; Humectant; Plasticizing agent
Hypromellose E00634 Not Available Coating agent
Kaolin E00586 56841936 Adsorbent; Diluent; Suspending agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Medium-chain triglyceride E00640 Not Available Emollient; Lubricant; Surfactant
Polyethylene glycol 1000 E00647 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 2000 E00649 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 300 E00651 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 3350 E00652 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400 E00653 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 4000 E00654 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polysorbate 80 E00665 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Polyvinyl alcohol E00666 Not Available Coating agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent
Potassium hydroxide E00233 14797 Alkalizing agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol E00040 1030 Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose E00091 5988 Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sorbitan monooleate E00503 9920342 Dispersing agent; Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent; Vaccine adjuvant
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin E00080 5541 Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Vinylpyrrolidone E00668 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Water E00035 962 Solvent
⏷ Show the Full List of 67 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Ibuprofen 100 mg tablet 100 mg Chewable Tablet Oral
Ibuprofen 200 mg tablet 200 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Ibuprofen 100 mg tablet 100 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Ibuprofen 400 mg tablet 400 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Ibuprofen 600 mg tablet 600 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Ibuprofen 800 mg tablet 800 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Ibuprofen 200 mg capsule 200 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2713).
2 New drugs in development for the treatment of endometriosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Aug;17(8):1187-202.
3 An overview of clinical pharmacology of Ibuprofen. Oman Med J. 2010 Jul;25(3):155-1661. doi: 10.5001/omj.2010.49.
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches
6 Rainsford KD: Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Inflammopharmacology. 2009 Dec;17(6):275-342. doi: 10.1007/s10787-009-0016-x. Epub 2009 Nov 21.
7 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
8 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
9 Rao P, Knaus EE: Evolution of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and beyond. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2008 Sep 20;11(2):81s-110s.
10 2-Arylpropionic CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) ligands as novel noncompetitive CXCL8 inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2005 Jun 30;48(13):4312-31.
11 Structure-Activity Relationship of novel phenylacetic CXCR1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 1;19(15):4026-30.
12 Maternal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as an important factor affecting prenatal development. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Sep;28(2):239-44.
13 The cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen and the FLAP inhibitor MK886 inhibit pancreatic carcinogenesis induced in hamsters by transplacental exposur... J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Oct;128(10):525-32.
14 Analysis of prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 inhibition using peroxidase-induced luminol luminescence. Anal Biochem. 1998 Nov 15;264(2):216-21.
15 A Na+-phosphate cotransporter homologue (SLC17A4 protein) is an intestinal organic anion exporter. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2012 Jun 1;302(11):C1652-60.
16 Monocarboxylate Transporters in Drug Disposition: Role in the Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of the Drug of Abuse GHB.
17 PharmGKB summary: ibuprofen pathways. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2015 Feb;25(2):96-106.
18 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
19 Influence of CYP2C8 polymorphisms on the hydroxylation metabolism of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers in vitro. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2013 Jul;34(5):278-87.
20 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
21 A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans. Org Biomol Chem. 2014 Sep 14;12(34):6737-44.
22 Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Inflammopharmacology. 2009 Dec;17(6):275-342.
23 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
24 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
25 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
26 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
27 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
28 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
29 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
30 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
31 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
32 Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
33 Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):565-75.
34 Analysis of human cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate specificity using a substrate pharmacophore and site-directed mutants. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 14;43(49):15379-92.
35 Interaction of sorafenib and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I/II pharmacokinetic interaction study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;68(5):1111-8.
36 PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Jan;24(1):73-9.
37 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
38 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
39 Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4.
40 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
41 Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(40):e5076.
42 Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
43 New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126.
44 A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7.
45 A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
46 High-dose rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy as the second-line regimen after failure to eradicate H. pylori by triple therapy with the usual doses of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(54):2274-8.
47 Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Mar 13;25(11):1679-91.
48 CYP2C19*17 is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(2):391-6.
49 Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;353(1):116-21.
50 Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
51 Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33.
52 Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22.
53 Determination of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B7 activity in human liver microsomes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with MS detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Jul 1;870(1):84-90.
54 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of lorazepam and valproic acid in relation to UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;83(4):595-600.
55 Pitavastatin: a review in hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2017 Apr;17(2):157-168.
56 Troglitazone glucuronidation in human liver and intestine microsomes: high catalytic activity of UGT1A8 and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1462-9.
57 Ezetimibe: a review of its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(5):467-94.
58 Pharmacogenomics of statins: understanding susceptibility to adverse effects. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2016 Oct 3;9:97-106.
59 Glucuronidation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: identifying the enzymes responsible in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jul;33(7):1027-35.
60 Effect of aging on glucuronidation of valproic acid in human liver microsomes and the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A4, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):229-36.
61 UGT1A1*28 is associated with decreased systemic exposure of atorvastatin lactone. Mol Diagn Ther. 2013 Aug;17(4):233-7.
62 Cerivastatin, genetic variants, and the risk of rhabdomyolysis. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 May;21(5):280-8.
63 Drug interactions between the immunosuppressant tacrolimus and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Apr;89(4):524-8.
64 S-Naproxen and desmethylnaproxen glucuronidation by human liver microsomes and recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT): role of UGT2B7 in the elimination of naproxen. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;60(4):423-33.
65 Polymorphic expression of UGT1A9 is associated with variable acetaminophen glucuronidation in neonates: a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic study. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;57(10):1325-1336.
66 Pharmacokinetic interaction involving sorafenib and the calcium-channel blocker felodipine in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs. 2011 Dec;29(6):1511-4.
67 The evolution of population pharmacokinetic models to describe the enterohepatic recycling of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Jan;50(1):1-24.
68 The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 enzyme is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma target gene. J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 18;278(16):13975-83.
69 Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR): metabolic enzyme, drug metabolizer and cancer marker P504S. Prog Lipid Res. 2013 Apr;52(2):220-30.
70 Clinical and Functional Relevance of the Monocarboxylate Transporter Family in Disease Pathophysiology and Drug Therapy. Clin Transl Sci. 2018 Jul;11(4):352-364.
71 Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biochem J. 1999 Aug 1;341 ( Pt 3):529-35.
72 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
73 Inhibition of MDSC Trafficking with SX-682, a CXCR1/2 Inhibitor, Enhances NK-Cell Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Models. Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Mar 15;26(6):1420-1431.
74 Fully humanized neutralizing antibodies to interleukin-8 (ABX-IL8) inhibit angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis of human melanoma. Am J Pathol. 2002 Jul;161(1):125-34.
75 Phase I trial of HuMax-IL8 (BMS-986253), an anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody, in patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Sep 5;7(1):240.
76 Company report (Genmab)
77 Mode of action of clotrimazole: implications for therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 Aug 1;152(7 Pt 2):939-44.
78 CXCR2 Antagonist MK-7123.A Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Trial for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2015 May 1;191(9):1001-11.
79 Emerging drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):275-91.
80 Pharmacological characterization of AZD5069, a slowly reversible CXC chemokine receptor 2 antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 May;353(2):340-50.
81 CenterWatch. Drugs in Clinical Trials Database. CenterWatch. 2008.
82 Interpreting expression profiles of cancers by genome-wide survey of breadth of expression in normal tissues. Genomics 2005 Aug;86(2):127-41.
83 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of GlaxoSmithKline (2009).
84 Molecular Approaches To Target GPCRs in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals 2011, 4(4), 567-589.
85 Comparative inhibitory activity of rofecoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen on COX-2 versus COX-1 in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;40(10):1109-20.
86 Membranous nephropathy associated with the relatively selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, etodolac, in a patient with early rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med. 2007;46(13):1055-8.
87 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
88 Pfizer. Product Development Pipeline. March 31 2009.
89 Renal effects of nabumetone, a COX-2 antagonist: impairment of function in isolated perfused rat kidneys contrasts with preserved renal function in vivo. Exp Nephrol. 2001;9(6):387-96.
90 Privileged structures: a useful concept for the rational design of new lead drug candidates. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2007 Nov;7(11):1108-19.
91 Flurbiprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, protects mice from hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting GSK-3 signaling and mitochondrial permeability transition.Mol Med.2012 Sep 25;18:1128-35.
92 Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids. J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun;64(6):745-9.
93 Dissociation of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by cyclooxygenase inhibition in allergen challenged mice. Eur Respir J. 2009 Jul;34(1):200-8.
94 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
95 Abad S, Moachon L, Blanche P, Bavoux F, Sicard D, Salmon-Ceron D "Possible interaction between glicazide, fluconazole and sulfamethoxazole resulting in severe hypoglycaemia." Br J Clin Pharmacol 52 (2001): 456-7. [PMID: 11678792]
96 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
97 Product Information. Acular (ketorolac). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
98 Buchman AL, Schwartz MR "Colonic ulceration associated with the systemic use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication." J Clin Gastroenterol 22 (1996): 224-6. [PMID: 8724264]
99 Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin). GeneSoft Inc, San Francisco, CA.
100 Assael BM, Chiabrando C, Gagliardi L, Noseda A, Bamonte F, Salmona M "Prostaglandins and aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity." Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 78 (1985): 386-94. [PMID: 4049389]
101 Product Information. Actonel (risedronate). Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnati, OH.
102 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
103 Product Information. Piqray (alpelisib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
104 Wong GT, Lee EY, Irwin MG. Contrast induced nephropathy in vascular surgery.?Br J Anaesth. 2016;117 Suppl 2:ii63-ii73. [PMID: 27566809]
105 Alderman CP, Moritz CK, Ben-Tovim DI "Abnormal platelet aggregation associated with fluoxetine therapy." Ann Pharmacother 26 (1992): 1517-9. [PMID: 1482806]
106 Product Information. Yasmin (drospirenone-ethinyl estradiol) Berlex Laboratories, Richmond, CA.
107 Bang CJ, Riedel B, Talstad I, Berstad A "Interaction between heparin and acetylsalicylic acid on gastric mucosal and skin bleeding in humans." Scand J Gastroenterol 27 (1992): 489-94. [PMID: 1321488]
108 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Canadian Product Information.".
109 Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
110 Product Information. Prevymis (letermovir). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
111 Product Information. Xarelto (rivaroxaban). Bayer Inc, Toronto, IA.
112 Product Information. Priftin (rifapentine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
113 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
114 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
115 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
116 EMEA "EMEA public statement on leflunomide (ARAVA) - severe and serious hepatic reactions.".
117 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
118 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
119 Product Information. Calquence (acalabrutinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
120 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
121 Product Information. Iclusig (ponatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
122 Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
123 Product Information. Sprycel (dasatinib). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
124 Product Information. Brukinsa (zanubrutinib). BeiGene USA, Inc, San Mateo, CA.
125 Muller FO, Schall R, Devaal AC, Groenewoud G, Hundt HKL, Middle MV "Influence of meloxicam on furosemide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1995): 247-51. [PMID: 7589049]
126 EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
127 Benoist G, van Oort I, et al "Drug-drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap." Br J Clin Pharmacol 0 (2017): epub. [PMID: 28881501]
128 Product Information. Flolan (epoprostenol). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
129 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
130 Product Information. Cometriq (cabozantinib). Exelixis Inc, S San Francisco, CA.
131 Novis BH, Korzets Z, Chen P, Bernheim J "Nephrotic syndrome after treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 296 (1988): 1442. [PMID: 3132281]
132 Product Information. Bevyxxa (betrixaban). Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.