General Information of Disease (ID: DISFO5RQ)

Disease Name Anorexia nervosa cachexia
Disease Class 6B80: Anorexia nervosa
Definition
A disorder most often seen in adolescent females characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a disturbance in body image, and, in postmenarcheal females, the development of amenorrhea.
Disease Hierarchy
DISVGXN0: Eating disorder
DISFO5RQ: Anorexia nervosa cachexia
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 6B80
ICD-10
ICD-10: R63.0
ICD-9
ICD-9: 307.1
Expand ICD-11
'MG43.7
Expand ICD-10
'R63.0
Expand ICD-9
307.1
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0005351
MESH ID
D000856
UMLS CUI
C0003125
MedGen ID
316
Orphanet ID
36297
SNOMED CT ID
56882008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Marinol DM70IK5 Approved Small molecular drug [1]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Approved Small molecular drug [2]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Discontinued Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
SUN-11031 DMC1A42 Terminated Small molecular drug [3]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Investigative Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Melanocortin-4 Receptor antagonist DM2ES7Z Investigative Small molecular drug [4]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 35 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
HTR2C TTWJBZ5 Limited Biomarker [5]
KCNN3 TT9JH25 Limited Genetic Variation [6]
LEPR TT0HD6V Limited Biomarker [7]
TPH2 TT3KLDP Limited Genetic Variation [5]
CPN1 TT8V2KD moderate Altered Expression [8]
AGRP TT4DE1O Strong Genetic Variation [9]
ANGPTL3 TT59GO7 Strong Altered Expression [10]
CCKAR TTCG0AL Strong Biomarker [11]
CGB3 TTUH273 Strong Biomarker [12]
DMD TTWLFXU Strong Biomarker [13]
DRD2 TTEX248 Strong Genetic Variation [14]
EPHX2 TT7WVHI Strong Biomarker [15]
FGF21 TTQ916P Strong Biomarker [16]
FOXP1 TT0MUCI Strong Genetic Variation [17]
GHRL TT1OCL0 Strong Biomarker [18]
GHSR TTWDC17 Strong Genetic Variation [19]
GPR55 TTNET8J Strong Genetic Variation [20]
GRIA3 TT82EZV Strong Genetic Variation [21]
HTR1D TT6MSOK Strong Genetic Variation [22]
HTR3A TTPC4TU Strong Biomarker [23]
HTR3B TTR6K75 Strong Genetic Variation [23]
HTR4 TT07C3Y Strong Biomarker [24]
MBOAT4 TTSYOWR Strong Genetic Variation [19]
MC3R TTNI91K Strong Genetic Variation [25]
MC4R TTD0CIQ Strong Biomarker [26]
MGMT TTJ8DV7 Strong Genetic Variation [17]
OPRD1 TT27RFC Strong Genetic Variation [27]
PGC TT7K6AD Strong Genetic Variation [14]
PYY TTVFJLX Strong Biomarker [28]
RSPO1 TTI9HL4 Strong Biomarker [16]
SGSH TTPJ2SH Strong Altered Expression [29]
SLC6A2 TTAWNKZ Strong Biomarker [30]
UCP2 TTSC2YM Strong Biomarker [31]
UCP3 TT12RJK Strong Biomarker [31]
DRD4 TTE0A2F Definitive Genetic Variation [32]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 35 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SLC18A1 DTM953D Strong Genetic Variation [5]
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This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
SCLY DEH4TD6 Strong Genetic Variation [33]
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This Disease Is Related to 50 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CNTN5 OTWU5FLZ moderate Biomarker [34]
CNTN6 OTXVGVOR moderate Biomarker [34]
CPN2 OTYOYP14 moderate Altered Expression [8]
DBI OT884QY9 moderate Altered Expression [8]
ACACA OT5CQPZY Strong Biomarker [35]
AKAP6 OTN59BZS Strong Biomarker [36]
AMY1A OT6G4B8O Strong Biomarker [37]
ANGPTL6 OTOQ5W67 Strong Altered Expression [38]
ARVCF OT78DKOU Strong Biomarker [39]
ASB3 OTI3TK38 Strong Genetic Variation [17]
ATP8A2 OTDZC2ZT Strong Biomarker [40]
BEST1 OTWHE1ZC Strong Biomarker [13]
BMS1 OTEGQ8ZO Strong Biomarker [35]
C1QL1 OTNQ0G3E Strong Biomarker [41]
CADM1 OTRWG9QS Strong Genetic Variation [17]
CARF OTWE0T6Q Strong Biomarker [42]
CDH9 OTV9N5XK Strong Genetic Variation [21]
CEP70 OTMY5KAE Strong Biomarker [43]
CNTN4 OTULXVE0 Strong Biomarker [34]
CSGALNACT1 OTBML9D9 Strong Genetic Variation [44]
CTBP2 OTGZGT87 Strong Genetic Variation [42]
DNTT OTFSEF12 Strong Genetic Variation [45]
EBF1 OTZ61YYH Strong Genetic Variation [46]
ERLEC1 OTQO3Z0R Strong Genetic Variation [17]
GDF11 OTOSNMND Strong Biomarker [47]
GFER OTVK43OK Strong Altered Expression [29]
INHBB OT2QLD11 Strong Altered Expression [48]
KRT7 OTLT3JFN Strong Genetic Variation [33]
NBEAL1 OTLJ11N3 Strong Biomarker [42]
NCKIPSD OT24UORN Strong Genetic Variation [17]
NIPA1 OT9ODC8X Strong Biomarker [49]
NNAT OTNRLO7G Strong Genetic Variation [50]
NPB OT0U82T3 Strong Altered Expression [51]
NPW OTO7MT28 Strong Biomarker [51]
NTNG1 OTF48IID Strong Biomarker [36]
NUCB2 OTHO6JWN Strong Biomarker [52]
OLIG2 OTMCN6D3 Strong Genetic Variation [21]
OR2AG1 OTEITRP4 Strong Genetic Variation [23]
PANK2 OTFBW889 Strong Altered Expression [29]
RETN OTW5Z1NH Strong Biomarker [7]
SMIM20 OTZI1KFR Strong Altered Expression [53]
SORCS2 OTBF3DYK Strong Genetic Variation [54]
SPX OTY3G4AR Strong Altered Expression [53]
SS18L1 OT9ZEGV7 Strong Biomarker [55]
STATH OTQHBHM9 Strong Biomarker [56]
SYTL5 OTE7OYQC Strong Biomarker [40]
TAL1 OTX4K6QZ Strong Genetic Variation [33]
TNXB OTVBWAV5 Strong Posttranslational Modification [44]
CARMIL1 OT1A5IX5 Definitive Genetic Variation [57]
TAFA2 OTU6WP6J Definitive Genetic Variation [57]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 50 DOT(s)

References

1 FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 018651.
2 Quetiapine FDA Label
3 Emerging drugs for eating disorder treatment. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 May;11(2):315-36.
4 Orally available selective melanocortin-4 receptor antagonists stimulate food intake and reduce cancer-induced cachexia in mice. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4774
5 Genetic variability in the serotoninergic system and age of onset in anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Psychiatry Res. 2019 Jan;271:554-558. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.019. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
6 CAG repeat polymorphism within the KCNN3 gene is a significant contributor to susceptibility to anorexia nervosa: a case-control study of female patients and several ethnic groups in the Israeli Jewish population.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2004 Nov 15;131B(1):76-80. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20154.
7 Adipokines in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2020 Feb;112:104485. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104485. Epub 2019 Oct 16.
8 Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein Is a Lipogenic Factor that Triggers Food Intake and Obesity.Cell Metab. 2019 Oct 1;30(4):754-767.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.010. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
9 The role of leptin, melanocortin, and neurotrophin system genes on body weight in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Aug;55:77-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
10 Angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and malnutrition: the effect of weight reduction and realimentation.Nutr Diabetes. 2018 Apr 25;8(1):21. doi: 10.1038/s41387-018-0032-2.
11 Exome sequencing in a familial form of anorexia nervosa supports multigenic etiology.J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2019 Nov;126(11):1505-1511. doi: 10.1007/s00702-019-02056-2. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
12 The Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Anorexia Nervosa and During Renourishment: Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology.Psychosom Med. 2015 Nov-Dec;77(9):969-81. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000247.
13 Suboptimal bone microarchitecure in adolescent girls with obesity compared to normal-weight controls and girls with anorexia nervosa.Bone. 2019 May;122:246-253. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.007. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
14 Exploration of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Subcortical Brain Volumes and Anorexia Nervosa.Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Jul;56(7):5146-5156. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1439-4. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
15 Integrating multi-omics biomarkers and postprandial metabolism to develop personalized treatment for anorexia nervosa.Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2017 Sep;132:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
16 Plasma kisspeptin and ghrelin levels are independently correlated with physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa.Appetite. 2017 Jan 1;108:141-150. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.032. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
17 Genome-wide association study identifies eight risk loci and implicates metabo-psychiatric origins for anorexia nervosa.Nat Genet. 2019 Aug;51(8):1207-1214. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0439-2. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
18 Plasma obestatin, ghrelin, and ghrelin/obestatin ratio are increased in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa but not in symptomatic patients with bulimia nervosa.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov;93(11):4418-21. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1138. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
19 Ghrelin gene variants and eating disorders.Vitam Horm. 2013;92:107-23. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-410473-0.00004-0.
20 Functional polymorphism in the GPR55 gene is associated with anorexia nervosa.Synapse. 2011 Feb;65(2):103-8. doi: 10.1002/syn.20821.
21 Common genetic background in anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive disorder: preliminary results from an association study.J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Jun;47(6):747-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.12.015. Epub 2013 Jan 19.
22 Association study in eating disorders: TPH2 associates with anorexia nervosa and self-induced vomiting.Genes Brain Behav. 2011 Mar;10(2):236-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00660.x. Epub 2010 Nov 22.
23 Functional variants of the serotonin receptor type 3A and B gene are associated with eating disorders.Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009 Oct;19(10):790-9. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32833132b3.
24 Anorexia induced by activation of serotonin 5-HT4 receptors is mediated by increases in CART in the nucleus accumbens.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 9;104(41):16335-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701471104. Epub 2007 Oct 3.
25 Mutation analysis of the agouti related protein promoter region and the melanocortin-3 receptor in anorexia nervosa patients.Psychiatr Genet. 2005 Dec;15(4):237. doi: 10.1097/00041444-200512000-00003.
26 Immunoglobulin G modulation of the melanocortin 4 receptor signaling in obesity and eating disorders.Transl Psychiatry. 2019 Feb 12;9(1):87. doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0422-9.
27 A genome-wide association study on common SNPs and rare CNVs in anorexia nervosa.Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;16(9):949-59. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.107. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
28 PYY is a negative regulator of bone mass and strength.Bone. 2019 Oct;127:427-435. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.011. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
29 Time course of adiponectin and its relationship to psychological aspects in patients with anorexia nervosa during inpatient treatment.PLoS One. 2017 Dec 20;12(12):e0189500. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189500. eCollection 2017.
30 Gene-gene interaction between the monoamine oxidase A gene and solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin) member 2 gene in anorexia nervosa (restrictive subtype).Eur J Hum Genet. 2003 Dec;11(12):945-50. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201077.
31 Uncoupling protein-2/uncoupling protein-3 gene polymorphism is not associated with anorexia nervosa.Psychiatr Genet. 2004 Dec;14(4):215-8. doi: 10.1097/00041444-200412000-00009.
32 Effect of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) haplotypes on general psychopathology in patients with eating disorders.Gene. 2018 May 15;654:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.035. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
33 Network analysis of specific psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019 Jan;27(1):24-33. doi: 10.1002/erv.2633. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
34 A current view on contactin-4, -5, and -6: Implications in neurodevelopmental disorders.Mol Cell Neurosci. 2017 Jun;81:72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.12.004. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
35 Cortical morphometry in anorexia nervosa: An out-of-sample replication study.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019 Sep;27(5):507-520. doi: 10.1002/erv.2686. Epub 2019 Jun 6.
36 Shared Genetic Factors Involved in Celiac Disease, Type 2 Diabetes and Anorexia Nervosa Suggest Common Molecular Pathways for Chronic Diseases.PLoS One. 2016 Aug 2;11(8):e0159593. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159593. eCollection 2016.
37 Is there a link between stress and immune biomarkers and salivary opiorphin in patients with a restrictive-type of anorexia nervosa?.World J Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;21(3):220-229. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1593502. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
38 Angiopoietin-like protein 6 in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and anorexia nervosa: The influence of very low-calorie diet, bariatric surgery, and partial realimentation.Endocr Res. 2017 Feb;42(1):22-30. doi: 10.3109/07435800.2016.1169544. Epub 2016 May 2.
39 Haplotype analysis of the COMT-ARVCF gene region in Israeli anorexia nervosa family trios.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Nov 5;139B(1):45-50. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30230.
40 Genetic variants associated with disordered eating.Int J Eat Disord. 2013 Sep;46(6):594-608. doi: 10.1002/eat.22133. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
41 Development of Cushing's syndrome in corticotropin-releasing factor transgenic mice.Endocrinology. 1992 Jun;130(6):3378-86. doi: 10.1210/endo.130.6.1597149.
42 Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index.Mol Psychiatry. 2017 Feb;22(2):192-201. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.71. Epub 2016 May 17.
43 Dysfunction of inflammatory pathways in adolescent female patients with anorexia nervosa.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 10;96:109727. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109727. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
44 High-throughput DNA methylation analysis in anorexia nervosa confirms TNXB hypermethylation.World J Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;19(3):187-199. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1190033. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
45 Dual contribution of NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor and SK3 Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel to genetic predisposition to anorexia nervosa.J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):160-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.010. Epub 2005 Sep 12.
46 A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa suggests a risk locus implicated in dysregulated leptin signaling.Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 19;7(1):3847. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01674-8.
47 Relationship between serum level of growth differentiation factors 8, 11 and bone mineral density in girls with anorexia nervosa.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Jan;90(1):88-93. doi: 10.1111/cen.13871. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
48 Inhibin B: a potential marker of gonadal activity in patients with anorexia nervosa during weight recovery.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Apr;89(4):1838-43. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031326.
49 Microduplications at the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 locus are enriched in patients with anorexia nervosa.J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Jun;113:34-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.021. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
50 Anorexia nervosa is associated with Neuronatin variants.Psychiatr Genet. 2019 Aug;29(4):103-110. doi: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000224.
51 Neuropeptide B and Vaspin as New Biomarkers in Anorexia Nervosa.Biomed Res Int. 2018 Jun 10;2018:9727509. doi: 10.1155/2018/9727509. eCollection 2018.
52 Activity-based anorexia activates nesfatin-1 immunoreactive neurons in distinct brain nuclei of female rats.Brain Res. 2017 Dec 15;1677:33-46. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.024. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
53 Longitudinal study on novel neuropeptides phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin in adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa - association with psychiatric symptoms.Nutr Neurosci. 2021 Nov;24(11):896-906. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2019.1692494. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
54 Significant Locus and Metabolic Genetic Correlations Revealed in Genome-Wide Association Study of Anorexia Nervosa.Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Sep 1;174(9):850-858. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16121402. Epub 2017 May 12.
55 Effectiveness of emotional skills training for patients with anorexia nervosa with autistic symptoms in group and individual format.Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2018 Jul;26(4):367-375. doi: 10.1002/erv.2594. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
56 Linkage analysis of anorexia nervosa incorporating behavioral covariates.Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Mar 15;11(6):689-96. doi: 10.1093/hmg/11.6.689.
57 Examination of the shared genetic basis of anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Mol Psychiatry. 2020 Sep;25(9):2036-2046. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0115-4. Epub 2018 Aug 7.