Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISG3AIM)

Disease Name	Intervertebral disc degeneration
Synonyms	lumbar disk degeneration; cervical disc degenerative disease; cervical disk degenerative disease; lumbar disc degeneration; vertebral disk disease; intervertebral disc degeneration; vertebral disc disease; degenerative disk disease; vertebral Disc degenerative disorder; intervertebral disk degeneration; intervertebral Disc Degeneration; intervertebral Disc degenerative disease; vertebral Disc degenerative disease; intervertebral disc disease; intervertebral disk degenerative disorder; degenerative disorder of intervertebral disk; intervertebral disk disease; intervertebral Disc degenerative disorder; degenerative disc disease; IDD; degenerative disorder of intervertebral disc
Disease Class	FA80: Intervertebral disc degeneration
Definition	Any disease of a degenerative nature that affects the intervertebral disk.
Disease Hierarchy	DISYKSRF: Genetic disease DISQRITY: Spinal disease DISG3AIM: Intervertebral disc degeneration
ICD Code	ICD-11 ICD-11: FA80
Disease Identifiers	MONDO ID MONDO_0011385 MESH ID D055959 UMLS CUI C0158266 MedGen ID 102357 HPO ID HP:0008419 SNOMED CT ID 77547008

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Rexlemestrocel-L	DMJOFLL	Phase 3	Cell therapy	[1]
CybroCell	DMNCKD4	Phase 1/2	Cell therapy	[2]
IDCT	DMPVTDA	Phase 1/2	Cell therapy	[3]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

This Disease Is Related to 28 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
BMP7	TTKOBRA	Limited	Biomarker	[4]
MMP3	TTUZ2L5	Limited	Altered Expression	[5]
FAF1	TTSKL3G	Disputed	Altered Expression	[6]
DDIT4	TTVEOY6	moderate	Altered Expression	[7]
ADAMTS4	TTYG6BU	Strong	Biomarker	[8]
ADAMTS5	TTXSU2Y	Strong	Biomarker	[9]
ASIC3	TTLGDIS	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
BMP2	TTP3IGX	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
CA12	TTSYM0R	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
CCL3	TT8I4WB	Strong	Altered Expression	[13]
CDA	TTQ12RK	Strong	Genetic Variation	[14]
FTO	TTFW3BT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[15]
GDF5	TT37XV9	Strong	Biomarker	[16]
HTRA1	TT8POQR	Strong	Biomarker	[17]
IGFBP5	TTDWEA8	Strong	Biomarker	[18]
IGFBP6	TTLAYV8	Strong	Genetic Variation	[19]
IL18RAP	TTZUJVE	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
JAG2	TTOJY1B	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
MAP3K9	TTUNSIX	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
MMP13	TTHY57M	Strong	Altered Expression	[23]
MMP16	TTNP4CU	Strong	Altered Expression	[24]
PTH1R	TTFPD47	Strong	Biomarker	[25]
RAB7A	TTF6WAQ	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
SPARC	TTBQFM7	Strong	Biomarker	[27]
SRGN	TTCHB06	Strong	Altered Expression	[28]
SRR	TTZFUY6	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
TNFRSF11A	TT3K9S2	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
SMAD3	TTHQZV7	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[31]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 28 DTT(s)

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC25A12	DT85HYR	Strong	Genetic Variation	[32]
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This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
EGLN3	DEMQTKH	Strong	Altered Expression	[33]
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This Disease Is Related to 52 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
RASSF7	OT0V4EIZ	Limited	Altered Expression	[34]
NFIX	OT1DPZAE	Disputed	Biomarker	[35]
ADAMTS3	OT2U6VF5	Strong	Biomarker	[8]
ADAMTS7	OTVKZ1DV	Strong	Biomarker	[36]
ADGRG6	OTY2UBXO	Strong	Biomarker	[37]
ASPN	OTYJM80N	Strong	Altered Expression	[38]
ASPSCR1	OTXTOD10	Strong	Biomarker	[39]
CILP	OTKEY2NJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[40]
CPQ	OTTNZNLD	Strong	Altered Expression	[41]
CSGALNACT1	OTBML9D9	Strong	Biomarker	[42]
DGCR2	OTEGL17Z	Strong	Biomarker	[43]
E2F4	OTB3JFH4	Strong	Altered Expression	[44]
EIF1	OTB4GZ0V	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
ERRFI1	OT7VZ2IZ	Strong	Altered Expression	[45]
GAS1	OTKJXG52	Strong	Biomarker	[46]
GDF6	OTERXWJU	Strong	Biomarker	[47]
HAPLN1	OTXWR9TJ	Strong	Genetic Variation	[48]
HOXD10	OT0NOWU2	Strong	Biomarker	[49]
IVD	OT8JFXUQ	Strong	Biomarker	[50]
KIAA1217	OTRMK3PU	Strong	Biomarker	[51]
MAP2K6	OTK13JKC	Strong	Biomarker	[52]
MATN3	OTH9H74J	Strong	Biomarker	[53]
NDUFA4L2	OTK0PG7R	Strong	Altered Expression	[54]
NFAT5	OTKIE59S	Strong	Biomarker	[55]
NRF1	OTOXWNV8	Strong	Biomarker	[56]
PGP	OT6QQ7OR	Strong	Biomarker	[57]
PHLPP1	OTIFXW8D	Strong	Biomarker	[58]
PLXNA1	OTN0BING	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
RAB7B	OT60A0E9	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
RHOBTB2	OT2DATFX	Strong	Biomarker	[52]
RPL10	OTBHOZGC	Strong	Biomarker	[59]
RPS23	OTAJMUPF	Strong	Biomarker	[60]
RREB1	OT62460U	Strong	Altered Expression	[61]
SERPINE2	OTYF5340	Strong	Altered Expression	[62]
SESN3	OTJRY1Y5	Strong	Altered Expression	[63]
SHOX	OTE0YZJO	Strong	Biomarker	[64]
SHOX2	OTLCZZJW	Strong	Biomarker	[64]
SIM2	OT0QWHK4	Strong	Biomarker	[65]
SMURF2	OT3TRVL7	Strong	Biomarker	[66]
SOX9	OTVDJFGN	Strong	Posttranslational Modification	[67]
SULF1	OTJCNCO0	Strong	Altered Expression	[68]
THBS2	OTXET551	Strong	Biomarker	[69]
TIGAR	OTR7NMRJ	Strong	Biomarker	[70]
TSHZ3	OTAN7RY5	Strong	Biomarker	[71]
ANGPTL8	OTQFINCD	Definitive	Altered Expression	[72]
CSMD1	OTIVDSC4	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[73]
EEF2	OTZ7SZ39	Definitive	Biomarker	[74]
GPC6	OTNJBESF	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[73]
GRB10	OTCKXGRC	Definitive	Biomarker	[75]
PRKN	OTJBN41W	Definitive	Genetic Variation	[73]
SUMO2	OT1Y5IKN	Definitive	Biomarker	[76]
TNFAIP6	OT1SLUZH	Definitive	Biomarker	[77]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 52 DOT(s)

References

1	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02412735) Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate Rexlemestrocel-L Alone or Combined With Hyaluronic Acid in Subjects With Chronic Low Back Pain (MSB-DR003). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
2	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of FibroGenesis.
3	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03955315) Study to Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of IDCT, a Treatment for Symptomatic Lumbar Disc Degeneration. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4	Osteogenic protein-1 alleviates high glucose microenvironment-caused degenerative changes in nucleus pulposus cells.Biosci Rep. 2019 Apr 2;39(4):BSR20190170. doi: 10.1042/BSR20190170. Print 2019 Apr 30.
5	17-Estradiol inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration by down-regulating MMP-3 and MMP-13 and up-regulating type II collagen in a rat model.Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(sup2):182-191. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1453826. Epub 2018 Jul 29.
6	Long noncoding RNA FAF1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting the Erk signaling pathway.Mol Med Rep. 2018 Feb;17(2):3158-3163. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8237. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
7	The involvement of regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration.Exp Cell Res. 2018 Nov 15;372(2):188-197. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
8	Elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha regulated catabolic factors during intervertebral disc degeneration.Life Sci. 2019 Sep 1;232:116565. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116565. Epub 2019 Jun 26.
9	Efficiency of dual siRNA-mediated gene therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).Spine J. 2019 May;19(5):896-904. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.10.016. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
10	Acid-sensing ion channels mediate the degeneration of intervertebral disc via various pathways-A systematic review.Channels (Austin). 2019 Dec;13(1):367-373. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1664038.
11	Bone morphogenetic protein 2 alleviated intervertebral disc degeneration through mediating the degradation of ECM and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway.Int J Mol Med. 2019 Jan;43(1):583-592. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3972. Epub 2018 Nov 2.
12	PHD/HIF-1 upregulates CA12 to protect against degenerative disc disease: a human sample, in vitro and ex vivo study.Lab Invest. 2016 May;96(5):561-9. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.32. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
13	A cross-sectional study: serum CCL3/MIP-1 levels may reflect lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration in Han Chinese people.J Pain Res. 2018 Mar 5;11:497-503. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S152349. eCollection 2018.
14	Lumbar disc disease shows linkage to chromosome 19 overlapping with a QTL for hand OA.Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jan;67(1):117-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.073262. Epub 2007 Jul 27.
15	Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chinese Han Population: A Case Control Study.Med Sci Monit. 2018 Aug 12;24:5598-5609. doi: 10.12659/MSM.911101.
16	Sustained release of GDF5 from a designed coacervate attenuates disc degeneration in a rat model.Acta Biomater. 2019 Mar 1;86:300-311. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.028. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
17	Correlation Between Expression of High Temperature Requirement Serine Protease A1 (HtrA1) in Nucleus Pulposus and T2 Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Med Sci Monit. 2017 Apr 22;23:1940-1946. doi: 10.12659/msm.904018.
18	Overexpressed IGFBP5 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of nucleus pulposus derived from rats with disc degeneration through inactivating the ERK/MAPK axis.J Cell Biochem. 2019 Nov;120(11):18782-18792. doi: 10.1002/jcb.29191. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
19	Whole Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel IGFBP6 Variant in a Disc Degeneration Pedigree.Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2017 Oct;21(10):580-585. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0007. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
20	IL18RAP polymorphisms and its plasma levels in patients with Lumbar disc degeneration.Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019 Sep;184:105374. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105374. Epub 2019 May 22.
21	JAG2/Notch2 inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix.Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Oct 16;21(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1990-z.
22	Role of miR-15a in intervertebral disc degeneration through targeting MAP3K9.Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Mar;87:568-574. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.128. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
23	BRD4 inhibition regulates MAPK, NF-B signals, and autophagy to suppress MMP-13 expression in diabetic intervertebral disc degeneration.FASEB J. 2019 Oct;33(10):11555-11566. doi: 10.1096/fj.201900703R. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
24	Role of miR-155 in the regulation of MMP-16 expression in intervertebral disc degeneration.J Orthop Res. 2017 Jun;35(6):1323-1334. doi: 10.1002/jor.23313. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
25	Ciliary parathyroid hormone signaling activates transforming growth factor- to maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis during aging.Bone Res. 2018 Jul 18;6:21. doi: 10.1038/s41413-018-0022-y. eCollection 2018.
26	Rab7 delays intervertebral disc degeneration through the inhibition of the p38MAPK pathway.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Jun 30;514(3):835-841. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.184. Epub 2019 May 9.
27	Low back pain and disc degeneration are decreased following chronic toll-like receptor 4 inhibition in a mouse model.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Sep;26(9):1236-1246. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
28	Expression of serglycin in human disc is increased in degenerated discs and up-regulated in vitro by exposure to IL-1 or TNF-.Biotech Histochem. 2018;93(2):109-117. doi: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1399464. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
29	Migration inhibitory factor enhances inflammation via CD74 in cartilage end plates with Modic type 1 changes on MRI.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Jun;472(6):1943-54. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-3508-y. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
30	Expression of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system in the human intervertebral disc: implication for the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 May 17;20(1):225. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2609-x.
31	Candidate gene investigation of spinal degenerative osteoarthritis in Greek population.Spine J. 2017 Dec;17(12):1881-1888. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.025. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
32	Lumbar disk degeneration disease and aggrecan gene polymorphism in northern Iran.Biochem Genet. 2010 Aug;48(7-8):684-9. doi: 10.1007/s10528-010-9350-3. Epub 2010 May 23.
33	PHD3 is a transcriptional coactivator of HIF-1 in nucleus pulposus cells independent of the PKM2-JMJD5 axis.FASEB J. 2017 Sep;31(9):3831-3847. doi: 10.1096/fj.201601291R. Epub 2017 May 11.
34	RASSF7 expression and its regulatory roles on apoptosis in human intervertebral disc degeneration.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015 Dec 1;8(12):16097-103. eCollection 2015.
35	Nuclear factor I X deficiency causes brain malformation and severe skeletal defects. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 May;27(10):3855-3867. doi: 10.1128/MCB.02293-06.
36	IL-17A enhances ADAMTS-7 expression through regulation of TNF- in human nucleus pulposus cells.J Mol Histol. 2015 Dec;46(6):475-83. doi: 10.1007/s10735-015-9640-5. Epub 2015 Oct 7.
37	Dysregulation of STAT3 signaling is associated with endplate-oriented herniations of the intervertebral disc in Adgrg6 mutant mice.PLoS Genet. 2019 Oct 25;15(10):e1008096. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008096. eCollection 2019 Oct.
38	IL-1 increases asporin expression via the NF-B p65 pathway in nucleus pulposus cells during intervertebral disc degeneration.Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 23;7(1):4112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04384-3.
39	Assessment of the Minimum Clinically Important Difference in the Timed Up and Go Test After Surgery for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease.Neurosurgery. 2017 Mar 1;80(3):380-385. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001320.
40	Association Between Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein and Degeneration of Intervertebral Disc: A Meta-analysis.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Oct 15;41(20):E1244-E1248. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001749.
41	Correlation Between Proteolytic Enzymes and Microangiogenesis in Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Nucleus.J Invest Surg. 2021 Jun;34(6):679-684. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1679921. Epub 2019 Dec 18.
42	Upregulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by Neurotropin in nucleus pulposus cells via stimulation of chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1: A new approach to attenuation of intervertebral disc degeneration.PLoS One. 2018 Aug 27;13(8):e0202640. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202640. eCollection 2018.
43	Ligustilide alleviated IL-1 induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo.Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Apr;69:398-407. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.004. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
44	Identification of genes associated with disc degeneration using bioinformatics.Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jul;90(5):353-60. doi: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1007481. Epub 2015 Mar 24.
45	ERRFI1 Inhibits Proliferation and Inflammation of Nucleus Pulposus and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-2355-5p in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 Aug 1;44(15):E873-E881. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003011.
46	MiR-184 Regulates Proliferation in Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Targeting GAS1.World Neurosurg. 2017 Jan;97:710-715.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.024. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
47	ISSLS PRIZE IN BASIC SCIENCE 2018: Growth differentiation factor-6 attenuated pro-inflammatory molecular changes in the rabbit anular-puncture model and degenerated disc-induced pain generation in the rat xenograft radiculopathy model.Eur Spine J. 2018 Apr;27(4):739-751. doi: 10.1007/s00586-018-5488-1. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
48	Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) gene is associated with spinal osteophyte formation and disc degeneration in Japanese women.Eur Spine J. 2011 Apr;20(4):572-7. doi: 10.1007/s00586-010-1598-0. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
49	MicroRNA-10b promotes nucleus pulposus cell proliferation through RhoC-Akt pathway by targeting HOXD10 in intervetebral disc degeneration.PLoS One. 2013 Dec 20;8(12):e83080. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083080. eCollection 2013.
50	Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration: a critical review.Eur Spine J. 2019 Sep;28(9):2129-2144. doi: 10.1007/s00586-019-06029-7. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
51	Genetic susceptibility of intervertebral disc degeneration among young Finnish adults.BMC Med Genet. 2011 Nov 22;12:153. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-153.
52	Genes associated with disc degeneration identified using microarray gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis.Genet Mol Res. 2013 Apr 26;12(2):1431-9. doi: 10.4238/2013.April.26.5.
53	Association of matrilin-3 polymorphisms with spinal disc degeneration and osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint of the hand.Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Aug;65(8):1060-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.045153. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
54	Mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 attenuates the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells induced by oxidative stress via the inhibition of mitophagy.Exp Mol Med. 2019 Nov 18;51(11):1-16. doi: 10.1038/s12276-019-0331-2.
55	TonEBP-deficiency accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration underscored by matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and changes in proinflammatory gene expression.Matrix Biol. 2020 May;87:94-111. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.10.007. Epub 2019 Nov 9.
56	Autophagy attenuates compression-induced apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via MEK/ERK/NRF1/Atg7 signaling pathways during intervertebral disc degeneration.Exp Cell Res. 2018 Sep 1;370(1):87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.012. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
57	Collagen-derived N-acetylated proline-glycine-proline upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix proteases in nucleus pulposus cells via the NF-B and MAPK signaling pathways.Int J Mol Med. 2017 Jul;40(1):164-174. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3005. Epub 2017 May 29.
58	Phlpp1 is associated with human intervertebral disc degeneration and its deficiency promotes healing after needle puncture injury in mice.Cell Death Dis. 2019 Oct 3;10(10):754. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1985-3.
59	Bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profiles in human intervertebral disc degeneration associated with inflammatory cytokines.J Neurosurg Sci. 2018 Feb;62(1):16-23. doi: 10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03326-9. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
60	Dysregulated COL3A1 and RPL8, RPS16, and RPS23 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Jul 1;40(13):E745-51. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000939.
61	The noncoding RNA linc-ADAMTS5 cooperates with RREB1 to protect from intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibiting ADAMTS5 expression.Clin Sci (Lond). 2017 May 1;131(10):965-979. doi: 10.1042/CS20160918. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
62	The Involvement of Protease Nexin-1 (PN1) in the Pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc (IVD) Degeneration.Sci Rep. 2016 Jul 27;6:30563. doi: 10.1038/srep30563.
63	Age-related reduction in the expression of FOXO transcription factors and correlations with intervertebral disc degeneration.J Orthop Res. 2017 Dec;35(12):2682-2691. doi: 10.1002/jor.23583. Epub 2017 May 4.
64	Replacing Shox2 with human SHOX leads to congenital disc degeneration of the temporomandibular joint in mice.Cell Tissue Res. 2014 Feb;355(2):345-54. doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1743-2. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
65	Orally administered simvastatin partially preserves lumbar vertebral bone mass but not integrity of intervertebral discs in ovariectomized rats.Exp Ther Med. 2017 Mar;13(3):877-884. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4043. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
66	Ectopic expression of Smurf2 and acceleration of age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in a mouse model.J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 Jul;27(1):116-126. doi: 10.3171/2016.11.SPINE16901. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
67	Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates cartilage endplate degeneration and attenuates the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration via demethylation of Sox-9.EBioMedicine. 2019 Oct;48:619-629. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.006. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
68	Increased sulfatase 1 gene expression in degenerative intervertebral disc cells.J Orthop Res. 2015 Mar;33(3):312-7. doi: 10.1002/jor.22766. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
69	A population-based study identifies an association of THBS2 with intervertebral disc degeneration.Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Oct;27(10):1501-1507. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.001. Epub 2019 Jun 21.
70	TIGAR impedes compression-induced intervertebral disc degeneration by suppressing nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and autophagy.J Cell Physiol. 2020 Feb;235(2):1780-1794. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29097. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
71	MicroRNA-125b-1-3p mediates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats by targeting teashirt zinc finger homeobox 3.Exp Ther Med. 2018 Mar;15(3):2627-2633. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5715. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
72	Angiopoietin-like protein 8 expression and association with extracellular matrix metabolism and inflammation during intervertebral disc degeneration.J Cell Mol Med. 2019 Aug;23(8):5737-5750. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14488. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
73	Novel genetic variants associated with lumbar disc degeneration in northern Europeans: a meta-analysis of 4600 subjects.Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Jul;72(7):1141-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201551. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
74	MicroRNA-143-5p targeting eEF2 gene mediates intervertebral disc degeneration through the AMPK signaling pathway.Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Apr 15;21(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1863-5.
75	Circular RNA GRB10 as a competitive endogenous RNA regulating nucleus pulposus cells death in degenerative intervertebral disk.Cell Death Dis. 2018 Feb 23;9(3):319. doi: 10.1038/s41419-017-0232-z.
76	Silencing SUMO2 promotes protection against degradation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells through p53 signaling pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration.Biosci Rep. 2018 Jun 29;38(3):BSR20171523. doi: 10.1042/BSR20171523. Print 2018 Jun 29.
77	TSG-6 secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting the TLR2/NF-B signaling pathway.Lab Invest. 2018 Jun;98(6):755-772. doi: 10.1038/s41374-018-0036-5. Epub 2018 Feb 26.