General Information of Drug (ID: DMR8H31)

Drug Name
Quinapril
Synonyms
Ectren; Koretic; Quinaprilum; QUINAPRIL HCL; Quinaprilum [Latin]; Accupril (TN); Quinapril [INN:BAN]; Quinapril (USP/INN); [3S-[2[R*(R*)],3R*]]-2-[2-[[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-Isoquinolinecarboxylic acid; (3S)-2-(N-{(1S)-1-[(ethyloxy)carbonyl]-3-phenylpropyl}-L-alanyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid; (3S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino]propanoyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid; (3S)-2-{(2S)-2-[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropylamino]propanoyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid; (3S)-2-{N-((S)-1-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [1]
Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [2]
Malignant essential hypertension BA00 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Antihypertensive Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 438.5
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 1.2
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 10
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 6
ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 2443 mcgh/L [3]
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 1526 mcg/L [3]
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 1 h [3]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [4]
Bioavailability
The bioavailability of drug is 50-80% [3]
Clearance
The clearance of drug is 68 mL/min [3]
Elimination
Quinaprilat is up to 96% eliminated in the urine [5]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2.3 hours [3]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the de-esterified to the active quinaprilat or dehydrated to form the inactive PD109488 [3]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 2.6061 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 13.9 L [3]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.001 mg/mL [4]
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
ADR Term Variation Related DOT DOT ID REF
Blood pressure decreased Not Available ACE OTDF1964 [7]
Cough Not Available BDKRB2 OTOA9D3W [7]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C25H30N2O5
IUPAC Name
(3S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino]propanoyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
Canonical SMILES
CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CC3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]2C(=O)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C25H30N2O5/c1-3-32-25(31)21(14-13-18-9-5-4-6-10-18)26-17(2)23(28)27-16-20-12-8-7-11-19(20)15-22(27)24(29)30/h4-12,17,21-22,26H,3,13-16H2,1-2H3,(H,29,30)/t17-,21-,22-/m0/s1
InChIKey
JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
54892
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:8713
CAS Number
85441-61-8
DrugBank ID
DB00881
TTD ID
D0I7SZ
VARIDT ID
DR00631
INTEDE ID
DR2415
ACDINA ID
D00576
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) TTL69WB ACE_HUMAN Inhibitor [8]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) OTDF1964 ACE_HUMAN Drug Response [7]
B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2) OTOA9D3W BKRB2_HUMAN Drug Response [7]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Chronic heart failure
ICD Disease Classification BD1Z
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) DTT SLC33A1 2.62E-01 -0.01 -0.06
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Quinapril
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Aliskiren DM1BV7W Major Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and Aliskiren. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [9]
TAK-491 DMCF6SX Major Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and TAK-491. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [10]
Trichlormethiazide DMHAQCO Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Trichlormethiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [11]
Telmisartan DMS3GX2 Major Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and Telmisartan. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [12]
Irbesartan DMTP1DC Major Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and Irbesartan. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [12]
Hydrochlorothiazide DMUSZHD Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [11]
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 DDI Information of This Drug
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Quinapril (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Remdesivir DMBFZ6L Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Remdesivir. 1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019] [13]
Misoprostol DMHVJFK Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Misoprostol. Abortion [JA00] [14]
Sodium bicarbonate DMMU6BJ Minor Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to altered gastric pH caused by Sodium bicarbonate. Acidosis [5C73] [15]
Sarecycline DMLZNIQ Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Sarecycline . Acne vulgaris [ED80] [14]
Cefuroxime DMSIMD8 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Cefuroxime. Acute bronchitis [CA42] [14]
Repaglinide DM5SXUV Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Repaglinide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [16]
Glibenclamide DM8JXPZ Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Glibenclamide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [16]
Insulin-glulisine DMQI0FU Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Insulin-glulisine. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [16]
Insulin-aspart DMX7V28 Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Insulin-aspart. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [17]
Glipizide DMZA5PQ Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Glipizide. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [16]
Isosorbide dinitrate DMBI4JG Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Isosorbide dinitrate. Anal fissure/fistula [DB50] [18]
Bedaquiline DM3906J Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Bedaquiline. Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52] [19]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Ofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Norfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Cefpodoxime DMJUNY5 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Cefpodoxime. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Bacampicillin DMP54C7 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Bacampicillin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Omadacycline DMR2J95 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Omadacycline. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Levofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Minocycline DMVN5OH Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Minocycline. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [14]
Cariprazine DMJYDVK Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Cariprazine. Bipolar disorder [6A60] [20]
Etidronic acid DM1XHYJ Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Etidronic acid. Bone paget disease [FB85] [14]
Risedronate DM5FLTY Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Risedronate. Bone paget disease [FB85] [14]
Pexidartinib DMS2J0Z Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Pexidartinib. Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B] [21]
Drospirenone DM1A9W3 Moderate Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and Drospirenone. Contraceptive management [QA21] [22]
Ardeparin DMYRX8B Moderate Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and Ardeparin. Coronary thrombosis [BA43] [10]
Mycophenolic acid DMRBMAU Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Mycophenolic acid. Crohn disease [DD70] [14]
Isocarboxazid DMAF1NB Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Isocarboxazid. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [23]
OPC-34712 DMHG57U Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and OPC-34712. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [20]
SODIUM CITRATE DMHPD2Y Minor Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to altered gastric pH caused by SODIUM CITRATE. Discovery agent [N.A.] [15]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Cannabidiol. Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62] [14]
Ethacrynic acid DM60QMR Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Ethacrynic acid. Essential hypertension [BA00] [24]
Phenoxybenzamine DM8KSQH Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Phenoxybenzamine. Essential hypertension [BA00] [25]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Itraconazole. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [14]
Ketoconazole DMPZI3Q Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Ketoconazole. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [14]
Dichlorphenamide DMH7IDQ Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Dichlorphenamide. Glaucoma [9C61] [24]
Bumetanide DMRV7H0 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Bumetanide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [11]
Rifampin DMA8J1G Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Rifampin. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [14]
Procarbazine DMIK367 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Procarbazine. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [23]
Brentuximab vedotin DMWLC57 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Brentuximab vedotin. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [26]
Tipranavir DM8HJX6 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Tipranavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [14]
Didanosine DMI2QPE Minor Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to altered gastric pH caused by Didanosine. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [15]
Atazanavir DMSYRBX Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Atazanavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [14]
Isosorbide mononitrate DMYLMU0 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Isosorbide mononitrate. Hydrocephalus [8D64] [18]
Mipomersen DMGSRN1 Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Mipomersen. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [27]
Rosuvastatin DMMIQ7G Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Rosuvastatin. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [14]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [28]
BMS-201038 DMQTAGO Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and BMS-201038. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [29]
Tolvaptan DMIWFRL Moderate Increased risk of hyperkalemia by the combination of Quinapril and Tolvaptan. Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72] [30]
Trientine DMD2WPG Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Trientine. Inborn metabolism deficiency [5C50-5C59] [14]
ITI-007 DMUQ1DO Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and ITI-007. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [20]
Proguanil DMBL79I Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Proguanil. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [14]
Hydroxychloroquine DMSIVND Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Hydroxychloroquine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [14]
Calaspargase pegol DMQZBXI Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Calaspargase pegol. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [31]
Idelalisib DM602WT Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Idelalisib. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [32]
Lanthanum carbonate DMMJQSH Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Lanthanum carbonate. Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64] [28]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [23]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [20]
Polythiazide DMCH80F Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Polythiazide. Oedema [MG29] [11]
Safinamide DM0YWJC Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Safinamide. Parkinsonism [8A00] [23]
Rasagiline DM3WKQ4 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Rasagiline. Parkinsonism [8A00] [23]
Terazosin DM3JCVS Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Terazosin. Prostate hyperplasia [GA90] [25]
Silodosin DMJSBT6 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Silodosin. Prostate hyperplasia [GA90] [25]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [20]
Gatifloxacin DMSL679 Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Gatifloxacin. Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z] [14]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [28]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Quetiapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Aripiprazole. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Iloperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Molindone DMAH70G Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Molindone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Thiothixene DMDINC4 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Thiothixene. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Amisulpride DMSJVAM Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Amisulpride. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Asenapine DMSQZE2 Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Asenapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [20]
Trabectedin DMG3Y89 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Quinapril and Trabectedin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [14]
Tolbutamide DM02AWV Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Tolbutamide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [16]
Insulin-detemir DMOA4VW Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Insulin-detemir. Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11] [16]
Insulin degludec DMPL395 Moderate Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Quinapril and Insulin degludec. Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11] [16]
Fexofenadine DM17ONX Moderate Decreased absorption of Quinapril due to formation of complexes caused by Fexofenadine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [14]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Methdilazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [20]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Additive hypotensive effects by the combination of Quinapril and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [33]
⏷ Show the Full List of 81 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Crospovidone E00626 Not Available Disintegrant
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow E00539 23320441 Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Gelatin E00630 Not Available Other agent
Hydroxypropyl cellulose E00632 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Emulsifying agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent; Modified-release agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Hypromellose E00634 Not Available Coating agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium carbonate E00205 11029 Adsorbent; Diluent
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400 E00653 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 4000 E00654 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyvinyl alcohol E00666 Not Available Coating agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/Membrane-forming agent
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin E00080 5541 Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Vinylpyrrolidone E00668 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Haematite red E00236 14833 Colorant
⏷ Show the Full List of 25 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Quinapril 20 mg tablet 20 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Quinapril 40 mg tablet 40 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Quinapril Hydrochloride eq 10mg base tablet eq 10mg base Tablet Oral
Quinapril 10 mg tablet 10 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Quinapril Hydrochloride eq 5mg base tablet eq 5mg base Tablet Oral
Quinapril 5 mg tablet 5 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Quinapril FDA Label
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6350).
3 Quinaprilat: a review of its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicological data and clinical application. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1337-47. doi: 10.1517/17425250903282773.
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 FDA Approved Drug Products: Quinapril Oral Tablet
6 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
8 An experimental model of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Perit Dial Int. 2009 Feb;29 Suppl 2:S49-50.
9 Health Canada "Potential risks of cardiovascular and renal adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with aliskiren (RASILEZ) or aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide (RASILEZ HCT)." .
10 Product Information. Diovan (valsartan). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
11 Burnakis TG, Mioduch HJ "Combined therapy with captopril and potassium supplementation: a potential for hyperkalemia." Arch Intern Med 144 (1984): 2371-2. [PMID: 6391404]
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14 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
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16 Abad S, Moachon L, Blanche P, Bavoux F, Sicard D, Salmon-Ceron D "Possible interaction between glicazide, fluconazole and sulfamethoxazole resulting in severe hypoglycaemia." Br J Clin Pharmacol 52 (2001): 456-7. [PMID: 11678792]
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21 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
22 Product Information. Yasmin (drospirenone-ethinyl estradiol) Berlex Laboratories, Richmond, CA.
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26 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
27 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
28 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
29 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
30 Product Information. Samsca (tolvaptan). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
31 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
32 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
33 Product Information. Clozaril (clozapine). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.