General Information of Drug (ID: DMTN5XI)

Drug Name
Chlordiazepoxide
Synonyms
Abboxide; Balance; Chloradiazepoxide; Chlordiazachel; Chlordiazepoxid; Chlordiazepoxidum; Chlordiazepoxydum; Chloridazepoxide; Chloridiazepide; Chloridiazepoxide; Chlorodiazepoxide; Chlozepid; Clopoxide; Clordiazepossido; Clordiazepoxido; Control; Decacil; Disarim; Eden; Elenium; Helogaphen; Ifibrium; Kalmocaps; Librelease; Librinin; Libritabs; Librium; Lygen; Menrium; Mesural; Methaminodiazepoxide; Mildmen; Multum; Napoton; Napton; Psicosan; Radepur; Risolid; Silibrin; Sonimen; Tropium; Viopsicol; Zeisin; Zetran; Chlordiazepoxide Base; Clordiazepossido [Italian]; A-Poxide; Apo-Chlordiazepoxide; Balance (pharmaceutical); Chlordiazepoxidum [INN-Latin]; Clordiazepoxido [INN-Spanish]; Eden-psich; Libritabs (TN); Librium (TN); MENRIUM 10-4; MENRIUM 5-4; Novapam (TN); Novo-Poxide; Tropium (TN); Chlordiazepoxide (JP15/USP/INN); Chlordiazepoxide [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; 3H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-amine, 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl, 4-oxide; 3H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-amine, 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-, 4-oxide; 3H-1,4-Benzodiazepine, 7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-, 4-oxide; 3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine,7-chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-,4-oxide; 7-Chlor-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-4-oxid; 7-Chlor-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-4-oxid [German]; 7-Chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide; 7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine 4-oxide; 7-Cloro-2-metilamino-5-fenil-3H-1,4-benzodiazepina 4-ossido; 7-Cloro-2-metilamino-5-fenil-3H-1,4-benzodiazepina 4-ossido [Italian]; 7-chloro-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-imine
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Anxiety disorder 6B00-6B0Z Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Antianxiety Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 299.75
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 2.4
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 3
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Bioavailability
99% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [4]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 0.37 mL/min/kg [5]
Elimination
0.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 24 - 48 hours [5]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic [6]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 14.3 micromolar/kg/day [7]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.056% [5]
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.25 L/kg [5]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 2 mg/mL [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C16H14ClN3O
IUPAC Name
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-imine
Canonical SMILES
CN=C1CN(C(=C2C=C(C=CC2=N1)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H14ClN3O/c1-18-15-10-20(21)16(11-5-3-2-4-6-11)13-9-12(17)7-8-14(13)19-15/h2-9,21H,10H2,1H3
InChIKey
BUCORZSTKDOEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
2712
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:3611
CAS Number
58-25-3
DrugBank ID
DB00475
TTD ID
D06BEP
ACDINA ID
D00120

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Translocator protein (TSPO) TTPTXIN TSPO_HUMAN Modulator [8]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Chlordiazepoxide (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Sodium bicarbonate DMMU6BJ Minor Altered absorption of Chlordiazepoxide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Sodium bicarbonate. Acidosis [5C73] [15]
Oliceridine DM6MDCF Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Oliceridine. Acute pain [MG31] [16]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Voriconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Aspergillosis [1F20] [17]
Dalfopristin DM4LTKV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Dalfopristin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [18]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Clarithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [19]
Troleandomycin DMUZNIG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Troleandomycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [19]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Lapatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [20]
Dihydrocodeine DMB0FWL Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Dihydrocodeine. Chronic pain [MG30] [21]
Olopatadine DMKMWQG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Olopatadine. Conjunctiva disorder [9A60] [22]
Propofol DMB4OLE Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Propofol. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [23]
Alfentanil DMVO0UB Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Alfentanil. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [16]
Remifentanil DMZTXCH Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Remifentanil. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [16]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Ethanol. Cystitis [GC00] [24]
Esketamine DMVU687 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [17]
SODIUM CITRATE DMHPD2Y Minor Altered absorption of Chlordiazepoxide due to GI dynamics variation caused by SODIUM CITRATE. Discovery agent [N.A.] [15]
Mephenytoin DM5UGDK Moderate Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Mephenytoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [25]
Stiripentol DMMSDOY Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [26]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Moderate Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Fosphenytoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [25]
Rufinamide DMWE60C Moderate Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Rufinamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [27]
Ethotoin DMXWOCP Moderate Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Ethotoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [25]
Carbamazepine DMZOLBI Moderate Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Carbamazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [28]
Cimetidine DMH61ZB Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Cimetidine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [DA22] [29]
Brimonidine DMQLT4N Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Brimonidine. Glaucoma [9C61] [30]
Isoniazid DM5JVS3 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Isoniazid mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [31]
Rifampin DMA8J1G Minor Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Rifampin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [32]
Fosamprenavir DM4W9B3 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Fosamprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [33]
Didanosine DMI2QPE Minor Altered absorption of Chlordiazepoxide due to GI dynamics variation caused by Didanosine. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [15]
Amprenavir DMLMXE0 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Amprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [33]
Ritonavir DMU764S Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Ritonavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [34]
Probenecid DMMFWOJ Minor Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Probenecid. Inborn purine/pyrimidine/nucleotide metabolism error [5C55] [35]
Porfimer Sodium DM7ZWNY Moderate Increased risk of photosensitivity reactions by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Porfimer Sodium. Lung cancer [2C25] [36]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Allopregnanolone. Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z] [37]
Lasmiditan DMXLVDT Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Lasmiditan. Migraine [8A80] [38]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [39]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Thalidomide. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [40]
Rifabutin DM1YBHK Minor Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Rifabutin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Mycobacterium infection [1B10-1B21] [32]
Nilotinib DM7HXWT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Nilotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [41]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Imatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [42]
Modafinil DMYILBE Minor Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Modafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Narcolepsy [7A20] [43]
Teduglutide DMYOAKS Moderate Altered absorption of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Teduglutide. Neonatal malabsorption syndrome [KB89] [44]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [21]
Pentazocine DM1XBHS Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Pentazocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Dextropropoxyphene DM23HCX Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Dextropropoxyphene. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [45]
Butorphanol DM5KYPJ Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Butorphanol. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Oxymorphone DM65AGJ Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Oxymorphone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Levorphanol DMGS80V Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Levorphanol. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Dezocine DMJDB0Y Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Dezocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Nalbuphine DMOSQGU Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Nalbuphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Buprenorphine DMPRI8G Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Buprenorphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [46]
Hydrocodone DMQ2JO5 Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Hydrocodone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Oxycodone DMXLKHV Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Oxycodone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [16]
Abametapir DM2RX0I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pediculosis [1G00] [47]
Lefamulin DME6G97 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pneumonia [CA40] [48]
Temsirolimus DMS104F Moderate Increased plasma concentrations of Chlordiazepoxide and Temsirolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [49]
Fentanyl DM8WAHT Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Fentanyl. Sensation disturbance [MB40] [16]
Armodafinil DMGB035 Minor Increased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Armodafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [43]
Fostamatinib DM6AUHV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide caused by Fostamatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [50]
Tizanidine DMR2IQ4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Tizanidine. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [51]
Sirolimus DMGW1ID Moderate Increased plasma concentrations of Chlordiazepoxide and Sirolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway. Transplant rejection [NE84] [49]
Tacrolimus DMZ7XNQ Moderate Increased plasma concentrations of Chlordiazepoxide and Tacrolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway. Transplant rejection [NE84] [49]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Minor Potentiate the pharmacologic effects by the combination of Chlordiazepoxide and Amiodarone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [52]
⏷ Show the Full List of 61 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
Butylparaben E00142 7184 Antimicrobial preservative
D&C red no. 33 E00261 19116 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
methylparaben E00149 7456 Antimicrobial preservative
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate E00141 7175 Antimicrobial preservative
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Linoleic acid E00468 5280450 Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Edetate calcium disodium E00487 6093170 Complexing agent
Ethylene glycol ethyl ether E00164 8076 Solubilizing agent; Solvent
FD&C red no. 3 E00629 Not Available Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Gelatin E00630 Not Available Other agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Potassium sorbate E00566 23676745 Antimicrobial preservative
Propylene glycol E00040 1030 Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Sodium propionate E00445 2723816 Antimicrobial preservative
Soybean lecithin E00637 Not Available Other agent
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Cellulose microcrystalline E00698 Not Available Adsorbent; Suspending agent; Diluent
Shellac E00695 Not Available Coating agent; Film/membrane-forming agent; Microencapsulating agent; Modified-release agent
⏷ Show the Full List of 26 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Chlordiazepoxide 5 mg capsule 5 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Chlordiazepoxide 10 mg capsule 10 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Chlordiazepoxide 25 mg capsule 25 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride 5mg capsule 5mg Capsule Oral
Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride 25mg capsule 25mg Capsule Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3370).
2 Use of the accelerating rotarod for assessment of motor performance decrement induced by potential anticonvulsant compounds in nerve agent poisoning. Drug Chem Toxicol. 1992;15(3):177-201.
3 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4 Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches
5 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6 FDA approval: ado-trastuzumab emtansine for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 1;20(17):4436-41.
7 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
8 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
9 Translocator protein (18 kDa) mediates the pro-growth effects of diazepam on Ehrlich tumor cells in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 25;626(2-3):131-8.
10 Comparison of five benzodiazepine-receptor agonists on buprenorphine-induced mu-opioid receptor regulation. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 May;110(1):36-46.
11 Effects of the combination of metyrapone and oxazepam on cocaine and food self-administration in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Nov;91(1):181-9.
12 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 2879).
13 Effects of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine compounds on the GABA-induced response in frog isolated sensory neurones. Br J Pharmacol. 1989 Nov;98(3):735-40.
14 New hypnotics: perspectives from sleep physiology. Vertex. 2007 Jul-Aug;18(74):294-9.
15 Chun AH, Carrigan PJ, Hoffman DJ, Kershner RP, Stuart JD "Effect of antacids on absorption of clorazepate." Clin Pharmacol Ther 22 (1977): 329-35. [PMID: 19188]
16 US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
17 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
18 Product Information. Synercid (dalfopristin-quinupristin) Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
19 Amsden GW "Macrolides versus azalides: a drug interaction update." Ann Pharmacother 29 (1995): 906-17. [PMID: 8547740]
20 Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
21 US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
22 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
23 Gill SS, Wright EM, Reilly CS "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propofol and fentanyl: single bolus injection study." Br J Anaesth 65 (1990): 760-5. [PMID: 2265045]
24 Divoll M, Greenblatt DJ, Lacasse Y, Shader RI "Benzodiazepine overdosage: plasma concentrations and clinical outcome." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 73 (1981): 381-3. [PMID: 6789361]
25 Backman JT, Olkkola KT, Ojala M, Laaksovirta H, Neuvonen PJ "Concentrations and effects of oral midazolam are greatly reduced in patients treated with carbamazepine or phenytoin." Epilepsia 37 (1996): 253-7. [PMID: 8598183]
26 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
27 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
28 Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed." New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc. (1990):.
29 Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Moschitto LJ, Harmatz JS, Shader RI "Interaction of cimetidine with the triazolobenzodiazepines alprazolam and triazolam." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 80 (1983): 275-8. [PMID: 6137021]
30 Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
31 Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Knuchel M "Differential effect of isoniazid on triazolam oxidation and oxazepam conjugation." Br J Clin Pharmacol 16 (1983): 743-6. [PMID: 6140941]
32 Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Roberts GM, Dengler HJ "Diazepam interaction with antituberculosis drugs." Clin Pharmacol Ther 29 (1981): 671-8. [PMID: 7214796]
33 Product Information. Agenerase (amprenavir). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Pk, NC.
34 Greenblatt DJ, vonMoltke LL, Harmatz JS, Durol ALB, Daily JP, Graf JA, Mertzanis P, Hoffman JL, Shader RI "Alprazolam-ritonavir interaction: Implications for product labeling." Clin Pharmacol Ther 67 (2000): 335-41. [PMID: 10801241]
35 Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Ameer B, Shader RI "Probenecid impairment of acetaminophen and lorazepam clearance: direct inhibition of ether glucuronide formation." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 234 (1985): 345-9. [PMID: 4020675]
36 Blakely KM, Drucker AM, Rosen CF "Drug-induced photosensitivity-an update: Culprit drugs, prevention and management." Drug Saf 42 (2019): 827-47. [PMID: 30888626]
37 Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
38 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
39 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
40 Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
41 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
42 Product Information. Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
43 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
44 Product Information. Gattex (teduglutide). NPS Pharmaceuticals, Bedminster, NJ.
45 Hansen BS, Dam M, Brandt J, et al "Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man." Acta Neurol Scand 61 (1980): 357-67. [PMID: 6998251]
46 Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 567-8. [PMID: 3592200]
47 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
48 Product Information. Fycompa (perampanel). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
49 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
50 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
51 Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine). Acorda Therapeutics, Hawthorne, NY.
52 Kerin NZ, Aragon E, Faitel K, Frumin H, Rubenfire M "Long-term efficacy and toxicity of high- and low-dose amiodarone regimens." J Clin Pharmacol 29 (1989): 418-23. [PMID: 2661600]