Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCER7QL)

• Drug Combination Name: Bosentan + Trazodone
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Bosentan (DMIOGBU): Small molecular drug
  Trazodone (DMK1GBJ): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 26.26
  Bliss Independence Score: 26.26
  Loewe Additivity Score: 39.84
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 39.85

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Bosentan

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	Approved	[2]
Pulmonary hypertension	BB01	Approved	[3]
Scleroderma	4A42	Investigative	[3]

Bosentan Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Endothelin A receptor (EDNRA)	TTKRD0G	EDNRA_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]
Endothelin B receptor (EDNRB)	TT3ZTGU	EDNRB_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]

Bosentan Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1)	DTPFTEQ	SO2B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Bosentan Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Bosentan Interacts with 71 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	OTNEN8QK	SO1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1)	OTZCACEG	EDN1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)	OTLDT7NR	NOS3_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	OTOYO4S7	CP2B6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK1 (DCLK1)	OTVSPS98	DCLK1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO)	OT3MRMM9	KMO_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12)	OT6WNFU8	CAH12_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase ADH1B (ADH1B)	OTV3TB81	ADH1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C)	OTO1DV7F	ADH1G_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1)	OT39TA1L	SODC_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Complement component C9 (C9)	OT7I5FDX	CO9_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Catalase (CAT)	OTHEBX9R	CATA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2)	OTIWXGZ9	SODM_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1)	OTIIZR61	IGF1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB)	OT7FR69A	ALDOB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver (FABP1)	OTR34ETM	FABPL_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1)	OTE2O72Q	GPX1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (ADH1A)	OTTS983E	ADH1A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Amino acid transporter heavy chain SLC3A2 (SLC3A2)	OTBR33M9	4F2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase ADH4 (ADH4)	OTKDKKNG	ADH4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Glutathione S-transferase theta-2 (GSTT2)	OTANW3TJ	GST2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1)	OTGN1KVZ	MGST1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1 (HSD3B1)	OTNAZVKB	3BHS1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)	OTZGGIVK	NQO1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase (POR)	OTVIDOCH	NCPR_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT)	OT2CJ91O	ATTY_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (ABCB4)	OTE6PY83	MDR3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1)	OT8Z5KLD	CP7A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MRC1)	OTTVCOPT	MRC1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	OTTCDHHM	CP3A7_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1)	OTD0Z2XO	PON1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
G0/G1 switch protein 2 (G0S2)	OT8FL49L	G0S2_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 (SLC6A1)	OTLCJJF3	SC6A1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Pyruvate kinase PKLR (PKLR)	OTTTM1QI	KPYR_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase , mitochondrial (CPS1)	OTXV8NSR	CPSM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1)	OTJ6FM9F	G6PC1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4A)	OTY1TOAB	HNF4A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)	OTESDI4D	GSH1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Sulfotransferase 1E1 (SULT1E1)	OTGPJ517	ST1E1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1)	OTI4X44G	ASCL1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta (NR1H2)	OT4APA60	NR1H2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP)	OTNUVSDT	MTP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE)	OTOI2NYG	INHBE_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Metallothionein-1X (MT1X)	OT9AKFVS	MT1X_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Complement factor H-related protein 3 (CFHR3)	OTYL8SDO	FHR3_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha (NR1H3)	OT54YZ9I	NR1H3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Nuclear factor 1 X-type (NFIX)	OT1DPZAE	NFIX_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase , mitochondrial (PCK2)	OTJ8LX4N	PCKGM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Organic solute transporter subunit alpha (SLC51A)	OTDJRZ0P	OSTA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Organic solute transporter subunit beta (SLC51B)	OT4WYPSR	OSTB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2)	OTUOPIS5	LEAP2_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (PGLYRP2)	OTF8319A	PGRP2_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Normal mucosa of esophagus-specific gene 1 protein (C15ORF48)	OT85J32K	NMES1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 (ABCG5)	OT1OMY93	ABCG5_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
2-aminomuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH8A1)	OTINY3MW	AL8A1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
Cytochrome P450 3A43 (CYP3A43)	OTMXADGA	CP343_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)	OTTYQ097	NOX4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A)	OTHCDQ22	PRGC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Solute carrier family 22 member 7 (SLC22A7)	OTKTNH1W	S22A7_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[5]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 (ABCC3)	OTC3IJV4	MRP3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR)	OT9ZP02A	CXAR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter (SLC10A1)	OTUJVMCL	NTCP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2)	OTJSIGV5	MRP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]

Indication(s) of Trazodone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[4]

Trazodone Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serotonin transporter (SERT)	TT3ROYC	SC6A4_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]
5-HT 1A receptor (HTR1A)	TTSQIFT	5HT1A_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]

Trazodone Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]

Trazodone Interacts with 17 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A)	OT38K9MK	5HT1A_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[18]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C)	OT6H8DE0	5HT2C_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[19]
Proepiregulin (EREG)	OTRM4NQY	EREG_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A)	OTPSGILV	IL1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6)	OT9WN536	BMP6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2)	OT75U9M4	PGH2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6)	OT1SLUZH	TSG6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[21]
Interleukin-24 (IL24)	OT4VUWH1	IL24_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[22]
PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein (PID1)	OT5YJ7FI	PCLI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11)	OTKJ6PXW	XCT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3494).
• [3] Bosentan FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 213).
• [5] Omics-based responses induced by bosentan in human hepatoma HepaRG cell cultures. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jun;92(6):1939-1952.
• [6] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [7] Bosentan is a substrate of human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3: inhibition of hepatic uptake as the common mechanism of its interactions with cyclosporin A, rifampicin, and sildenafil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Aug;35(8):1400-7.
• [8] Bosentan is a substrate of human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3: inhibition of hepatic uptake as the common mechanism of its interactions with cyclosporin A, rifampicin, and sildenafil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Aug;35(8):1400-7.
• [9] Investigation of the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and simvastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42(3):293-301.
• [10] Comparison of immortalized Fa2N-4 cells and human hepatocytes as in vitro models for cytochrome P450 induction. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Jun;36(6):1046-55.
• [11] ?-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors mediate opposing effects on endothelin-1 expression in human lung fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Sep 15;691(1-3):218-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Jul 13.
• [12] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [13] From the Cover: MechanisticInsights in Cytotoxic and Cholestatic Potential of the Endothelial Receptor Antagonists Using HepaRG Cells. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):451-464. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx062.
• [14] Antiviral effect of Bosentan and Valsartan during coxsackievirus B3 infection of human endothelial cells. J Gen Virol. 2010 Aug;91(Pt 8):1959-1970. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.020065-0. Epub 2010 Apr 14.
• [15] Metabolic activation of the nontricyclic antidepressant trazodone to electrophilic quinone-imine and epoxide intermediates in human liver microsomes and recombinant P4503A4. Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Jun 30;155(1-2):10-20.
• [16] Evaluating the role of drug metabolism and reactive intermediates in trazodone-induced cytotoxicity toward freshly-isolated rat hepatocytes. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2016 Nov;66(11):592-596.
• [17] Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
• [18] Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. doi: 10.1007/BF02244985.
• [19] Inverse agonist and neutral antagonist actions of antidepressants at recombinant and native 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors: differential modulatio... Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;73(3):748-57.
• [20] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [21] Effect of trazodone on hERG channel current and QT-interval. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Mar 7;510(1-2):75-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.009.
• [22] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.