General Information of Drug (ID: DMS4BLQ)

Drug Name
Aminolevulinic acid hci Drug Info
Synonyms
Aminolevulinic acid; 5-Aminolevulinic acid; 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic acid; 106-60-5; 5-Aminolevulinate; delta-aminolevulinic acid; Pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo-; Aladerm; 5-Amino-4-oxovaleric acid; Kerastick; Ameluz; Aminolevulinate; 5-ALA; delta-ALA; 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate; 5-amino-levulinate; 5-amino-levulinic acid; 5-amino-4-oxo-pentanoic acid; CCRIS 8958; UNII-88755TAZ87; EINECS 203-414-1; Levulinic acid, 5-amino-; CHEMBL601; 4-oxo-5-amino-pentanoic acid; CHEBI:17549; ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 88755TAZ87; Levulan (TN)
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [1]
Actinic keratosis EK90.0 Approved [2]
Astrocytoma 2A00.0Y Approved [3]
Glioblastoma 2A00 Approved [4]
Malignant glioma 2A00.0 Approved [5]
Oral mucosa leukoplakia Approved [6]
Adult glioblastoma Investigative [7]
Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia 2E66.1 Investigative [8]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
137
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:17549
CAS Number
CAS 106-60-5
TTD Drug ID
DMS4BLQ
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00057
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0088

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Porphobilinogen DM5HMTB N. A. N. A. Phase 2 [20]
2-Sulfhydryl-Ethanol DMJBO3D Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
Formic Acid DMNFZC6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
S,S-(2-Hydroxyethyl)Thiocysteine DMLPAD8 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
Delta-Amino Valeric Acid DMV7IAK Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
4,7-Dioxosebacic Acid DML5302 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
Laevulinic Acid DMTZ17V Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
3-(2-Aminoethyl)-4-(Aminomethyl)Heptanedioic Acid DMQXPM3 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
5-Fluorolevulinic Acid DMDV48S Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
4-Oxosebacic Acid DMADSUY Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [20]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [21]
Sulfasalazine DMICA9H Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [22]
Ampicillin DMHWE7P Acute epiglottitis Approved [23]
Losartan DM72JXH Diabetic kidney disease GB61.Z Approved [24]
Enalapril DMNFUZR Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [25]
Cefazolin DMPDYFR Bacteremia 1A73 Approved [26]
Ceftriaxone DMCEW64 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [27]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Acute adrenal insufficiency Approved [22]
Cefadroxil DMMC345 Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [24]
Irbesartan DMTP1DC Diabetic kidney disease GB61.Z Approved [24]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Peptide transporter 2 (SLC15A2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Amoxicillin DMUYNEI Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [21]
Ampicillin DMHWE7P Acute epiglottitis Approved [28]
Enalapril DMNFUZR Congestive heart failure BD10 Approved [29]
Entecavir DM7VTQO Hepatitis B virus infection 1E51.0 Approved [30]
Cefadroxil DMMC345 Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [31]
Cephalexin DMD5JU8 Acute otitis media AB00 Approved [28]
Valaciclovir DMHKS94 Genital herpes 1A94 Approved [32]
Cefaclor DMJXDGC Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [21]
Spirapril DM5XLTY Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [33]
Cefixime DMY60I8 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [28]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Glycine DMIOZ29 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [34]
L-Proline DMKSTWR Malnutrition 5B50-5B71 Approved [35]
Cycloserine DMT1I52 Bacterial infection 1A00-1C4Z Approved [36]
Gaboxadol DMI53FU Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [37]
Vigabatrin DMYT0OG Alcohol dependence 6C40.2 Approved [38]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [39]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [40]
Etretinate DM2CZFA Keratosis ED56 Approved [41]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [42]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [43]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [44]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [45]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [46]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [47]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [48]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [49]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [50]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [51]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [52]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [53]
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [54]
Floxuridine DM04LR2 Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [55]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [56]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [57]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [58]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Stromelysin-1 (MMP3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [59]
Fluvastatin DM4MDJY Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [59]
Pravastatin DM6A0X7 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Approved [59]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [59]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [60]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [61]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [42]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [62]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [63]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [46]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [65]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [66]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [67]
Citalopram DM2G9AE Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [68]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [69]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [68]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [70]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [71]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [72]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [73]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [74]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [75]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Anterior urethra cancer Approved [76]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [59]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [77]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [78]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [79]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [80]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-3 (CASP3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [81]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [82]
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [83]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [53]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [84]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [85]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [86]
Mannitol DMSCDY9 Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [87]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [88]
Aprepitant DM053KT Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [89]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-9 (CASP9)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [90]
Mannitol DMSCDY9 Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [91]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [78]
Leuprorelin acetate DM15HAT Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [92]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [93]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [67]
Meloxicam DM2AR7L Arthritis FA20 Approved [94]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [95]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [96]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [60]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [80]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [97]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [98]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [99]
Deoxycholic acid DM3GYAL Subcutaneous fat disorder EF02 Approved [100]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [101]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [102]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [103]
Glucosamine DM4ZLFD Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [104]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [73]
Aprepitant DM053KT Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [89]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [77]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [105]
Leuprorelin acetate DM15HAT Prostate cancer 2C82.0 Approved [92]
Talazoparib DM1KS78 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [106]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [107]
Meloxicam DM2AR7L Arthritis FA20 Approved [108]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [69]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [64]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [109]
Dactinomycin DM2YGNW Adult kidney Wilms tumor Approved [110]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [93]
obeticholic acid DM3Q1SM Primary biliary cholangitis DB96.1 Approved [111]
Acetic Acid, Glacial DM4SJ5Y infection in the ear canal AA0Y Approved [112]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [113]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [114]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [115]
Acocantherin DM7JT24 Atrial fibrillation BC81.3 Approved [116]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Caspase-8 (CASP8)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [117]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [118]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [119]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [60]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [120]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [121]
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [67]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [97]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [95]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [50]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) TTJHKYD HEM2_HUMAN Inhibitor [9]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Peptide transporter 2 (SLC15A2) DT8QKNP S15A2_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (SLC36A1) DT48WEM S36A1_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1) DT9G7XN S15A1_HUMAN Substrate [12]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Porphobilinogen synthase (ALAD) Main DME DETBNY4 HEM2_HUMAN Substrate [13]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [15]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [16]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [17]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [18]
FAS-associated death domain protein (FADD) OTV7GFHH FADD_HUMAN Post-Translational Modifications [16]
Interstitial collagenase (MMP1) OTI4I2V1 MMP1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [19]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [16]
Stromelysin-1 (MMP3) OTGBI74Z MMP3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [19]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4784).
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Physical approaches to treat glioblastoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2020 Nov;32(6):640-649.
4 Comparison of commercial 5-aminolevulinic acid (Gliolan?) and the pharmacy-compounded solution fluorescence in glioblastoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019 Aug;161(8):1733-1741.
5 Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid for resection of malignant glioma: a randomised controlled multicentre phase III trial. Lancet Oncol. 2006 May;7(5):392-401.
6 Vascular alterations after photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid in oral leukoplakia. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Feb;32(2):379-387.
7 5-Aminolevulinic acid-guided resection improves the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma-a comparative cohort study of 343 patients. Neurooncol Adv. 2021 Mar 26;3(1):vdab047.
8 Photodetection and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Porphyrin in Patients With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Lasers Surg Med. 2021 Jul;53(5):654-663.
9 Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9.
10 PEPT2-mediated transport of 5-aminolevulinic acid and carnosine in astrocytes. Brain Res. 2006 Nov 29;1122(1):18-23.
11 Delta-aminolevulinic acid is a substrate for the amino acid transporter SLC36A1 (hPAT1). Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Mar;159(6):1339-53.
12 Transport of the photodynamic therapy agent 5-aminolevulinic acid by distinct H+-coupled nutrient carriers coexpressed in the small intestine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Jan;332(1):220-8.
13 Modifying effects of delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase polymorphism on blood lead levels and ALAD activity. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Oct 1;295:351-356.
14 Effect and mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer. Lasers Med Sci. 2011 Jan;26(1):69-78. doi: 10.1007/s10103-010-0810-0. Epub 2010 Jul 30.
15 Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid induces apoptosis and caspase activation in malignant T cells. J Cutan Med Surg. 2001 Jan-Feb;5(1):8-13. doi: 10.1177/120347540100500103.
16 5-aminolevulinic acid induce apoptosis via NF-B/JNK pathway in human oral cancer Ca9-22 cells. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011 Jul;40(6):483-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00973.x. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
17 Massive apoptotic cell death of human glioma cells via a mitochondrial pathway following 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy. J Neurooncol. 2007 Jul;83(3):223-31. doi: 10.1007/s11060-006-9325-8. Epub 2007 Jan 24.
18 Study of the efficacy and mechanism of ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell. Liver Int. 2007 Mar;27(2):201-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01412.x.
19 Influence of 5-aminolevulinic acid and red light on collagen metabolism of human dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Feb;120(2):325-31. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12037.x.
20 How many drug targets are there Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
21 Interactions of amoxicillin and cefaclor with human renal organic anion and peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):547-55.
22 Peptide transporter substrate identification during permeability screening in drug discovery: comparison of transfected MDCK-hPepT1 cells to Caco-2 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2007 Apr;30(4):507-18.
23 Several hPepT1-transported drugs are substrates of the Escherichia coli proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter YdgR. Res Microbiol. 2017 Jun;168(5):443-449.
24 High-affinity interaction of sartans with H+/peptide transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):143-9.
25 The intestinal H+/peptide symporter PEPT1: structure-affinity relationships. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2004 Jan;21(1):53-60.
26 Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of beta-lactam antibiotics and tripeptides as substrates of the mammalian H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1. J Med Chem. 2005 Jun 30;48(13):4410-9.
27 Intestinal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics: analysis of the affinity at the H+/peptide symporter (PEPT1), the uptake into Caco-2 cell monolayers and the transepithelial flux. Pharm Res. 1999 Jan;16(1):55-61.
28 Transport characteristics of a novel peptide transporter 1 substrate, antihypotensive drug midodrine, and its amino acid derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):455-60.
29 Ethanol inhibits functional activity of the human intestinal dipeptide transporter hPepT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 May;32(5):777-84.
30 The oligopeptide transporter 2-mediated reabsorption of entecavir in rat kidney. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014 Feb 14;52:41-7.
31 Species Differences in Human and Rodent PEPT2-Mediated Transport of Glycylsarcosine and Cefadroxil in Pichia Pastoris Transformants. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Feb;45(2):130-136.
32 Valacyclovir: a substrate for the intestinal and renal peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 19;246(2):470-5.
33 Transport of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors by H+/peptide transporters revisited. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Nov;327(2):432-41.
34 Transport of amino acids and GABA analogues via the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter, hPAT1: characterization of conditions for affinity and transport experiments in Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2008 Sep 2;35(1-2):86-95.
35 PAT1 (SLC36A1) shows nuclear localization and affects growth of smooth muscle cells from rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jan 1;306(1):E65-74.
36 Indirect regulation of the intestinal H+-coupled amino acid transporter hPAT1 (SLC36A1). J Cell Physiol. 2005 Aug;204(2):604-13.
37 Intestinal gaboxadol absorption via PAT1 (SLC36A1): modified absorption in vivo following co-administration of L-tryptophan. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;157(8):1380-9.
38 Rectal absorption of vigabatrin, a substrate of the proton coupled amino acid transporter (PAT1, Slc36a1), in rats. Pharm Res. 2012 Apr;29(4):1134-42.
39 Cannabidiol-induced transcriptomic changes and cellular senescence in human Sertoli cells. Toxicol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;191(2):227-238. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac131.
40 Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, Prasiola japonica. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 18;19(9):2825. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092825.
41 The effects of a novel synthetic retinoid, seletinoid G, on the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in aged human skin in vivo. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Dec;362(1-2):161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.06.016. Epub 2005 Aug 1.
42 Ciprofloxacin enhances the stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression by interleukin-1beta in human tendon-derived cells. A potential mechanism of fluoroquinolone-induced tendinopathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Nov;46(11):3034-40. doi: 10.1002/art.10617.
43 Functional gene expression profile underlying methotrexate-induced senescence in human colon cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 2011 Oct;32(5):965-76.
44 Simvastatin reduces MMP1 expression in human smooth muscle cells cultured on polymerized collagen by inhibiting Rac1 activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 May;27(5):1043-9. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.139881. Epub 2007 Feb 15.
45 Quercetin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Jul 1;391(1):72-8. doi: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2402.
46 Rofecoxib regulates the expression of genes related to the matrix metalloproteinase pathway in humans: implication for the adverse effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Apr;79(4):303-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.306.
47 Interaction between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and retinoic acid pathways increases matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 11;279(24):25284-93. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M402168200. Epub 2004 Apr 9.
48 Arsenic suppresses gene expression in promyelocytic leukemia cells partly through Sp1 oxidation. Blood. 2005 Jul 1;106(1):304-10.
49 p53-R175H mutant gains new function in regulation of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Int J Cancer. 2005 Apr 10;114(3):331-6. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20818.
50 The contribution of methotrexate exposure and host factors on transcriptional variance in human liver. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):582-94.
51 Azidothymidine and cisplatin increase p14ARF expression in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 1;216(1):89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.04.015. Epub 2006 May 19.
52 Quantitative analysis of gene expression changes in response to genotoxic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Mar;39:15-28. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 5.
53 Induction of apoptosis by cidofovir in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cells. Oncol Res. 2000;12(9-10):397-408. doi: 10.3727/096504001108747855.
54 Gallic acid potentiates the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin via overexpression of Bax and P53 on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2021 Feb;35(2):e22638. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22638. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
55 Regulation of human dUTPase gene expression and p53-mediated transcriptional repression in response to oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(1):78-95. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn910. Epub 2008 Nov 16.
56 Role of miRNA in the regulation of cannabidiol-mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget. 2019 Jan 1;10(1):45-59. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.26534. eCollection 2019 Jan 1.
57 Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2022 Apr 18;35(4):636-650. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00420. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
58 Fulvestrant induces resistance by modulating GPER and CDK6 expression: implication of methyltransferases, deacetylases and the hSWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex. Br J Cancer. 2013 Nov 12;109(10):2751-62. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.583. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
59 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
60 Cannabidiol Modulates the Immunophenotype and Inhibits the Activation of the Inflammasome in Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol. 2016 Nov 24;7:559. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00559. eCollection 2016.
61 Unique signatures of stress-induced senescent human astrocytes. Exp Neurol. 2020 Dec;334:113466. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113466. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
62 Reduction of synovial sublining layer inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in psoriatic arthritis treated with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Oct;50(10):3286-95. doi: 10.1002/art.20518.
63 Quercetin inhibits IL-1-induced proliferation and production of MMPs, COX-2, and PGE2 by rheumatoid synovial fibroblast. Inflammation. 2012 Aug;35(4):1585-94. doi: 10.1007/s10753-012-9473-2.
64 Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):20622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77674-y.
65 Evidence of securin-mediated resistance to gefitinib-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Apr 25;203(2):412-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.03.011. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
66 Cigarette smoke and asbestos activate poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in alveolar epithelial cells. J Investig Med. 2001 Jan;49(1):68-76. doi: 10.2310/6650.2001.34092.
67 Apoptotic signaling pathways induced by nitric oxide in human lymphoblastoid cells expressing wild-type or mutant p53. Cancer Res. 2004 May 1;64(9):3022-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1880.
68 The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, and citalopram induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells via caspase-3 activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999;13(6):338-47. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1999)13:6<338::aid-jbt8>3.0.co;2-7.
69 Ciprofloxacin mediated cell growth inhibition, S/G2-M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in a human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cell line. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Mar;6(3):891-900.
70 Investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of colchicine against PC3 prostate cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Jun;73:105138. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105138. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
71 Sulindac enhances adenoviral vector expressing mda-7/IL-24-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 Feb;4(2):291-304.
72 Methotrexate induces poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent, caspase 3-independent apoptosis in subsets of proliferating CD4+ T cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 May;148(2):288-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03335.x. Epub 2007 Feb 7.
73 4.8% sevoflurane induces activation of autophagy in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology. 2022 May;90:256-264. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.008. Epub 2022 Apr 23.
74 Enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in human lung cancer cell line via GLUT1 inhibitor. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Jun;37(6):e23348. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23348. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
75 Breast cancer cells response to the antineoplastic agents cisplatin, carboplatin, and doxorubicin at the mRNA expression levels of distinct apoptosis-related genes, including the new member, BCL2L12. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jan;1095:35-44. doi: 10.1196/annals.1397.005.
76 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and Bcl-2 downregulation mediate apoptosis after gemcitabine treatment partly via a p53-independent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 19;502(3):169-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.09.006.
77 Verapamil potentiates anti-glioblastoma efficacy of temozolomide by modulating apoptotic signaling. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Oct;52:306-313. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.001. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
78 Inhibition of caspase-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition protects airway epithelial cells against mustard-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1545-59. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-8764-1.
79 Sertraline, an antidepressant, induces apoptosis in hepatic cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Feb;137(2):404-15. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft254. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
80 -Carotene Induces Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines via the Cav-1/AKT/NF-B Signaling Pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2016 Mar;30(3):148-57. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21773. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
81 Different apoptosis ratios and gene expressions in two human cell lines after sevoflurane anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Oct;53(9):1192-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02036.x. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
82 [Mechanisms underlying the effect of arsenic trioxide on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in myeloma cell line u266]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Oct;15(5):982-5.
83 Lovastatin lactone elicits human lung cancer cell apoptosis via a COX-2/PPAR-dependent pathway. Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 1;7(9):10345-62. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7213.
84 Comparison of burst of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase-3 in apoptosis of K562 and HL-60 cells induced by docetaxel. Cancer Lett. 2004 Oct 8;214(1):103-13. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.03.047.
85 Induction of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase confers resistance to apoptosis in acute myeloblastic leukaemia cells exposed to etoposide. Br J Haematol. 2000 Mar;108(3):574-81. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01852.x.
86 Cisplatin-enhanced sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme U251 cells to adenovirus-delivered TRAIL in vitro. Tumour Biol. 2010 Dec;31(6):613-22. doi: 10.1007/s13277-010-0077-x. Epub 2010 Jul 11.
87 Insulin-like growth factor I is the key growth factor in serum that protects neuroblastoma cells from hyperosmotic-induced apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 2000 Jan;182(1):24-32. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200001)182:1<24::AID-JCP3>3.0.CO;2-6.
88 mRNA expression analysis of a variety of apoptosis-related genes, including the novel gene of the BCL2-family, BCL2L12, in HL-60 leukemia cells after treatment with carboplatin and doxorubicin. Biol Chem. 2004 Nov;385(11):1099-103. doi: 10.1515/BC.2004.143.
89 Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) inhibition sensitizes APL cells to anti-tumor effect of arsenic trioxide via restriction of NF-B axis: Shedding new light on resistance to Aprepitant. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Oct;103:105-114. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
90 Lovastatin induces apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and de novo protein synthesis. Endocrinology. 2003 Sep;144(9):3852-9. doi: 10.1210/en.2003-0098.
91 Insulin-like growth factor I prevents mannitol-induced degradation of focal adhesion kinase and Akt. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 26;277(30):27393-400. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M201963200. Epub 2002 May 14.
92 Effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists on apoptosis of granulosa cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 May;1042:531-7. doi: 10.1196/annals.1338.065.
93 The effects of quercetin in cultured human RPE cells under oxidative stress and in Ccl2/Cx3cr1 double deficient mice. Exp Eye Res. 2010 Jul;91(1):15-25.
94 Inhibiting AKT signaling pathway with cilostazol and meloxicam synergism for suppressing K562 cells in vitro. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Nov;36(11):e23185. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23185. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
95 Ciprofloxacin induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer. 2002 Feb 1;86(3):443-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600079.
96 Colchicine-induced apoptosis in human normal liver L-02 cells by mitochondrial mediated pathways. Toxicol In Vitro. 2012 Aug;26(5):649-55. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.01.024. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
97 Selenium and vitamin E: cell type- and intervention-specific tissue effects in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):306-20.
98 Differential gene expression of sulindac-treated human breast epithelial cells. Int J Oncol. 2005 Dec;27(6):1727-36.
99 Suppression of RAGE as a basis of simvastatin-dependent plaque stabilization in type 2 diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Dec;26(12):2716-23.
100 Prevention of deoxycholate-induced gastric apoptosis by aspirin: roles of NF-kappaB and PKC signaling. J Surg Res. 2008 Mar;145(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.039. Epub 2007 Jul 20.
101 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
102 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit respiratory syncytial virus-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human lung epithelial cells. Immunology. 2007 May;121(1):71-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02539.x.
103 Differential modulation of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway during all-trans retinoic acid- and Am80-induced HL-60 cell differentiation revealed by DNA microarray analysis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Dec 1;68(11):2177-86.
104 Glucosamine regulation of LPS-mediated inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jun 10;635(1-3):219-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.044. Epub 2010 Mar 20.
105 Beta-carotene and apocarotenals promote retinoid signaling in BEAS-2B human bronchioepithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006 Nov 1;455(1):48-60.
106 BMN 673 (talazoparib): A potent PARP inhibitor for triple negative breast cancer with different genetic profile. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019 May;33(5):e22286. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22286. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
107 Microarray analysis of H2O2-, HNE-, or tBH-treated ARPE-19 cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Nov 15;33(10):1419-32.
108 Combining kallistatin gene therapy and meloxicam to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Cancer Sci. 2009 Nov;100(11):2226-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01306.x. Epub 2009 Aug 4.
109 Doxorubicin and selenium cooperatively induce fas signaling in the absence of Fas/Fas ligand interaction. Anticancer Res. 2007 Sep-Oct;27(5A):3075-82.
110 Response rate of fibrosarcoma cells to cytotoxic drugs on the expression level correlates to the therapeutic response rate of fibrosarcomas and is mediated by regulation of apoptotic pathways. BMC Cancer. 2005 Jul 7;5:74. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-74.
111 Pharmacotoxicology of clinically-relevant concentrations of obeticholic acid in an organotypic human hepatocyte system. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017 Mar;39:93-103.
112 Motexafin gadolinium and zinc induce oxidative stress responses and apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma lines. Cancer Res. 2005 Dec 15;65(24):11676-88.
113 The role of Fas-FasL-FADD signaling pathway in arsenic-mediated neuronal apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett. 2022 Mar 1;356:143-150. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.012. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
114 Survival of retinal pigment epithelium after exposure to prolonged oxidative injury: a detailed gene expression and cellular analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Oct;45(10):3767-77.
115 THC exposure of human iPSC neurons impacts genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 25;8(1):89. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0137-3.
116 Ouabain induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate DU 145 cancer cells through DNA damage and TRAIL pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2019 Dec;34(12):1329-1339. doi: 10.1002/tox.22834. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
117 Statins activate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in human lymphoblasts and myeloma cells. Carcinogenesis. 2005 May;26(5):883-91. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi036. Epub 2005 Feb 10.
118 Drug-induced caspase 8 upregulation sensitises cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells to rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis. Br J Cancer. 2011 Apr 12;104(8):1278-87. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.84.
119 Essential role of caspase-8 in p53/p73-dependent apoptosis induced by etoposide in head and neck carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer. 2011 Jul 31;10:95. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-95.
120 The anti-cancer drug gefitinib accelerates Fas-mediated apoptosis by enhancing caspase-8 activation in cancer cells. J Toxicol Sci. 2019;44(6):435-440. doi: 10.2131/jts.44.435.
121 Melatonin enhances hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukaemia HL-60 cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Jul;353(1-2):167-76. doi: 10.1007/s11010-011-0783-8. Epub 2011 Mar 23.