Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMICA9H)

Drug Name

Sulfasalazine

Synonyms

sulfasalazine; 599-79-1; Salicylazosulfapyridine; Salazosulfapyridine; Azulfidine; Asulfidine; Salazopyridin; Sulcolon; Azopyrin; Accucol; Colo-Pleon; Salazopiridazin; Salisulf; Reupirin; Benzosulfa; Azopyrine; Salazosulfapyridin; Sulfasalazina; w-t Sasp oral; Sulfasalazinum; Sulfasalazin; Azulfidine EN; Sulfazalazine; Azulfidine EN-tabs; Salazosulfapiridina; Sas-500; Salazosulfapyridinum; Azosulfidin; SASP; Salazo-sulfapyridinum; 5-(p-(2-Pyridylsulfamyl)phenylazo)salicylic acid; SAS-500; Sulfasalizine

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	Approved	[1]
Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Approved	[2]
Ulcerative colitis	DD71	Approved	[3]
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Therapeutic Class

Antiinflammatory Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

398.4

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

-0.7

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [4]
Clearance: The clearance of drug is 1 L/h []
Elimination: 1.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [4]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 5 - 10 hours [5]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 167.336 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.004% [5]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 7.5 +/- 1.6 L []
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.0024 mg/mL [4]

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

ADR Term	Variation	Related DOT	DOT ID	REF
Leukopenias NEC	Not Available	CYP1A2	OTLLBX48	[7]
Vasculitis	Not Available	MPO	OTOOXLIN	[7]
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Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C18H14N4O5S
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxy-5-[[4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoic acid
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=NC(=C1)NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H14N4O5S/c23-16-9-6-13(11-15(16)18(24)25)21-20-12-4-7-14(8-5-12)28(26,27)22-17-3-1-2-10-19-17/h1-11,23H,(H,19,22)(H,24,25)
InChIKey: NCEXYHBECQHGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 5339
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:9334
CAS Number: 599-79-1
DrugBank ID: DB00795
TTD ID: D02ZTJ
VARIDT ID: DR00201
INTEDE ID: DR1513
ACDINA ID: D00643

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Repurposed Drugs (RPD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2)	TTIMJ02	ABCG2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[8]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NFKB)	TTSXVID	NFKB1_HUMAN ; NFKB2_HUMAN ; TF65_HUMAN ; RELB_HUMAN ; REL_HUMAN	Activator	[9]

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Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)	DT9G7XN	S15A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1)	DTPFTEQ	SO2B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DEEISQ2	AZOR_ENTFA	Substrate	[15], [16]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DEM1BHT	A0A132Z973_ENTFC	Substrate	[15], [16]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DE5CAX1	A0A074IU04_STRSL	Substrate	[15]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DEGTKHL	T0VG26_9ENTE	Substrate	[17]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DEI2PC5	AZOR_CLOP1	Substrate	[15], [16]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DEIHK8V	A0A349MYB4_9LACO	Substrate	[15], [16]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DE3UF6Z	A0A0P0ETC6_BACT4	Substrate	[17]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DE6GHJ5	A0A0P0ETC6_BACT4	Substrate	[17]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DETEMAH	A0A349MYB4_9LACO	Substrate	[17]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DEIKZOU	A0A0P0ETC6_BACT4	Substrate	[18]
Azoreductase (azoR)	DENLBG3	A0A0P0ETC6_BACT4	Substrate	[15], [16]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial (CYP27B1)	OTTK98BH	CP27B_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[19]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)	OTTRZGU7	ACE2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[20]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)	OTAW0V4V	BAX_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[21]
Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial (AIFM1)	OTKPWB7Q	AIFM1_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[21]
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)	OTBPDQOY	ARY2_HUMAN	Biotransformations	[22]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Post-Translational Modifications	[23]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[21]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[24]
Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11)	OTKJ6PXW	XCT_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[25]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	OTLLBX48	CP1A2_HUMAN	Drug Response	[7]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Irritable bowel syndrome

ICD Disease Classification

DD91.0

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NFKB)	DTT	NFKB1; NFKB2; RELA; RELB; REL	5.39E-01	0.16	0.27
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1)	DTP	OATP2B1	1.87E-02	-1.32E-01	-2.75E-01
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTP	BCRP	1.20E-13	-1.20E+00	-1.06E+00
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTP	MRP2	1.29E-14	-3.25E-01	-7.49E-01
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)	DTP	PEPT1	7.54E-01	-1.25E-02	-8.78E-02
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DME	CYP3A5	1.69E-01	2.37E-02	2.14E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

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Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Sulfasalazine

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Disease	REF
Salsalate	DM13P4C	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Salsalate.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[26]
Meloxicam	DM2AR7L	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Meloxicam.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[26]
Oxaprozin	DM9UB0P	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Oxaprozin.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[26]
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Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Sulfasalazine (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Remdesivir	DMBFZ6L	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Remdesivir.	1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019]	[27]
Repaglinide	DM5SXUV	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Repaglinide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[28]
Glibenclamide	DM8JXPZ	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Glibenclamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[28]
Tolazamide	DMIHRNA	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Tolazamide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[28]
Insulin-glulisine	DMQI0FU	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Insulin-glulisine.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[28]
Insulin-aspart	DMX7V28	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Insulin-aspart.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[29]
Glipizide	DMZA5PQ	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Glipizide.	Acute diabete complication [5A2Y]	[28]
Midostaurin	DMI6E0R	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Midostaurin.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[30]
Gilteritinib	DMTI0ZO	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Gilteritinib.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[27]
Framycetin	DMF8DNE	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Framycetin.	Alcoholic liver disease [DB94]	[26]
Inotersen	DMJ93CT	Major	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Inotersen.	Amyloidosis [5D00]	[30]
Bedaquiline	DM3906J	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Bedaquiline.	Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52]	[31]
Kanamycin	DM2DMPO	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Kanamycin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[26]
Streptomycin	DME1LQN	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Streptomycin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[26]
Gentamicin	DMKINJO	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Gentamicin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[26]
Netilmicin	DMRD1QK	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Netilmicin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[26]
Ag-221	DMS0ZBI	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Ag-221.	BCR-ABL1-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia [2A41]	[27]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Pexidartinib.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[32]
Iodipamide	DMXIQYS	Major	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Iodipamide.	Cholelithiasis [DC11]	[33]
PF-04449913	DMSB068	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by PF-04449913.	Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40]	[30]
Phenylbutazone	DMAYL0T	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Phenylbutazone.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[26]
Ketoprofen	DMRKXPT	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Ketoprofen.	Chronic pain [MG30]	[26]
Anisindione	DM2C48U	Major	Decreased metabolism of Sulfasalazine caused by Anisindione mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Coagulation defect [3B10]	[34]
Methoxyflurane	DML0RAE	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Methoxyflurane.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[26]
Mycophenolic acid	DMRBMAU	Moderate	Altered absorption of Sulfasalazine due to GI flora changes caused by Mycophenolic acid.	Crohn disease [DD70]	[35]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Cannabidiol.	Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62]	[30]
177Lu-DOTATATE	DMT8GVU	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and 177Lu-DOTATATE.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[26]
Brentuximab vedotin	DMWLC57	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Brentuximab vedotin.	Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30]	[36]
Fostemsavir	DM50ILT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Fostemsavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[37]
Mipomersen	DMGSRN1	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Mipomersen.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[38]
BMS-201038	DMQTAGO	Major	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and BMS-201038.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[39]
Givosiran	DM5PFIJ	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Givosiran.	Inborn porphyrin/heme metabolism error [5C58]	[26]
Meclofenamic acid	DM05FXR	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Meclofenamic acid.	Inflammatory spondyloarthritis [FA92]	[40]
Capmatinib	DMYCXKL	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Capmatinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[41]
Calaspargase pegol	DMQZBXI	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Calaspargase pegol.	Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33]	[42]
Idelalisib	DM602WT	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Idelalisib.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[43]
Moxetumomab pasudotox	DMN63DZ	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Moxetumomab pasudotox.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[26]
Mercaptopurine	DMTM2IK	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Sulfasalazine caused by Mercaptopurine mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85]	[44]
Rimegepant	DMHOAUG	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Rimegepant.	Migraine [8A80]	[45]
Lasmiditan	DMXLVDT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Lasmiditan.	Migraine [8A80]	[46]
Exjade	DMHPRWG	Major	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Exjade.	Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64]	[47]
Gallium nitrate	DMF9O6B	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Gallium nitrate.	Mineral excesses [5B91]	[26]
Rolapitant	DM8XP26	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Rolapitant.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[48]
Olaparib	DM8QB1D	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Olaparib.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[27]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Rucaparib.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[49]
Diflunisal	DM7EN8I	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Diflunisal.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[26]
Ibuprofen	DM8VCBE	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Ibuprofen.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[26]
Bromfenac	DMKB79O	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Bromfenac.	Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43]	[26]
Darolutamide	DMV7YFT	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Darolutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[50]
Temsirolimus	DMS104F	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Temsirolimus.	Renal cell carcinoma [2C90]	[26]
Colistimethate	DMZ9BMU	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Colistimethate.	Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z]	[26]
Tedizolid	DMG2SKR	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Tedizolid.	Skin and skin-structure infection [1F28-1G0Z]	[30]
Trabectedin	DMG3Y89	Moderate	Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Trabectedin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[30]
Telavancin	DM58VQX	Moderate	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Telavancin.	Staphylococcal/streptococcal disease [1B5Y]	[26]
Eltrombopag	DMOGFIX	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Sulfasalazine due to the transporter inhibition by Eltrombopag.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[51]
Sirolimus	DMGW1ID	Major	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Sirolimus.	Transplant rejection [NE84]	[52]
Azathioprine	DMMZSXQ	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Sulfasalazine caused by Azathioprine mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Transplant rejection [NE84]	[44]
Tacrolimus	DMZ7XNQ	Major	Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Tacrolimus.	Transplant rejection [NE84]	[52]
Tolbutamide	DM02AWV	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Tolbutamide.	Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11]	[28]
Insulin-detemir	DMOA4VW	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Insulin-detemir.	Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11]	[28]
Insulin degludec	DMPL395	Moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia by the combination of Sulfasalazine and Insulin degludec.	Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11]	[28]
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Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Diethyl phthalate	E00135	6781	Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Glyceryl monostearate	E00310	24699	Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sodium stearyl fumarate	E00545	23665634	lubricant
Stearic acid	E00079	5281	Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Acetone	E00004	180	Solvent
Carmellose sodium	E00625	Not Available	Disintegrant
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sodium stearoyl lactylate	E00558	23671849	Emulsifying agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Vinylpyrrolidone	E00668	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
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⏷ Show the Full List of 13 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Sulfasalazine 500 mg tablet	500 mg	Delayed Release Oral Tablet	Oral
Sulfasalazine 500 mg tablet	500 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

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2	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4840).
3	Sulfasalazine FDA Label
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31	Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
32	Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
33	Wong GT, Lee EY, Irwin MG. Contrast induced nephropathy in vascular surgery.?Br J Anaesth. 2016;117 Suppl 2:ii63-ii73. [PMID: 27566809]
34	Cook DE, Ponte CD "Suspected trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole induced hypoprothrombinemia." J Fam Pract 39 (1994): 589-91. [PMID: 7798864]
35	Product Information. CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil). Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ.
36	Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
37	Product Information. Rukobia (fostemsavir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
38	Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
39	Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
40	Product Information. Canasa (mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid)). Axcan Scandipharm Inc, Birmingham, AL.
41	Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
42	Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
43	Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
44	Lewis LD, Benin A, Szumlanski CL, et al. "Olsalazine and 6-mercaptopurine-related bone marrow suppression: a possible drug-drug interaction." Clin Pharmacol Ther 62 (1997): 464-75. [PMID: 9357398]
45	Product Information. Nurtec ODT (rimegepant). Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT.
46	Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
47	Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
48	Product Information. Varubi (rolapitant). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
49	EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
50	Product Information. Nubeqa (darolutamide). Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Whippany, NJ.
51	Allred AJ, Bowen CJ, Park JW, et al. "Eltrombopag increases plasma rosuvastatin exposure in healthy volunteers." Br J Clin Pharmacol 72 (2011): 321-9. [PMID: 21434975]
52	Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.