General Information of Disease (ID: DISVQ342)

Disease Name Scleroderma
Synonyms dermatosclerosis; scleroderma (disease); scleroderma
Disease Class 4A42: Systemic sclerosis
Definition
Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of the skin and, sometimes, other organs. It is classified into two main forms: localized scleroderma and systemic sclerosis (SSc), the latter comprising three subsets; diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and limited SSc (lSSc).
Disease Hierarchy
DISORMTM: Autoimmune disease
DIS77ACK: Rheumatic disorder
DISVQ342: Scleroderma
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 4A42
ICD-9
ICD-9: 701.0710.1
Expand ICD-11
'4A42.Z
Expand ICD-9
701.0710.1
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0019340
MESH ID
D012594
UMLS CUI
C0011644
MedGen ID
3770
HPO ID
HP:0100324
Orphanet ID
801
SNOMED CT ID
267874003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 5 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Belumosudil DM548TK Approved NA [1]
Benzoic Acid DMKB9FI Approved Small molecular drug [2]
Bosentan DMIOGBU Approved Small molecular drug [3]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Approved Small molecular drug [4]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Approved Small molecular drug [5]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 10 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
ECCS-50 DML7H98 Phase 3 NA [1]
Habeo DM41I1T Phase 3 NA [6]
BMS-986020 DMHMV6E Phase 2 NA [7]
MRG-201 DM9M5WV Phase 2 NA [1]
Recombinant human relaxin DMMYU5T Phase 2 NA [8]
Solubilized type 1 native bovine collagen DML2ZWR Phase 2 NA [9]
C 82 DMEWXFK Phase 1/2 NA [1]
Metelimumab DMENFD6 Phase 1/2 Antibody [10]
FCX-013 DMECV92 Phase 1 NA [6]
MEDl-551 DM1ALHT Phase 1 Antibody [11]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Investigative Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
ANG-3070 DM1JXTL Investigative NA [12]
DasKloster 0501-01 DMLOK7B Investigative NA [12]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 22 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
CCN2 TTIL516 Limited Altered Expression [13]
HDAC5 TTUELN5 Limited Biomarker [14]
ITGA5 TTHIZP9 Limited Altered Expression [15]
ACKR1 TTKY2NS Strong Biomarker [16]
ALDH3A2 TTB6UM0 Strong Genetic Variation [17]
ALOX5AP TTDMBF5 Strong Genetic Variation [18]
COL1A2 TTUABC1 Strong Altered Expression [19]
CSF3 TT5TQ2W Strong Therapeutic [20]
DDR2 TTU98HG Strong Altered Expression [21]
ENPP2 TTSCIM2 Strong Biomarker [22]
FKBP1A TTMW94E Strong Biomarker [23]
HDC TTV9GOF Strong Altered Expression [24]
IL13RA1 TTNEAMG Strong Biomarker [25]
KIR2DL2 TTU0P73 Strong Biomarker [26]
KIR2DS2 TTV3CFI Strong Biomarker [26]
MMP1 TTMX39J Strong Altered Expression [27]
PAH TTGSVH2 Strong Biomarker [28]
PLOD2 TT8MEUD Strong Altered Expression [29]
SLC25A1 TTTD730 Strong Biomarker [30]
SMAD7 TT0J32Z Strong Biomarker [31]
SRPK2 TTCZEJ9 Strong Biomarker [32]
TNFSF14 TTKVENM Strong Biomarker [16]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTP ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ABCC6 DT582KR Definitive Genetic Variation [33]
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This Disease Is Related to 1 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
PGM1 DEA3VM1 Strong Biomarker [34]
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This Disease Is Related to 58 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
BTG3 OT9ANHVT Limited Biomarker [35]
FBRS OTUVH446 Limited Biomarker [36]
FLI1 OT0EV3LX Limited Biomarker [37]
POLR3A OT5MSK10 Limited Biomarker [38]
SRY OT516T6D Limited Biomarker [39]
SS18L1 OT9ZEGV7 Limited Genetic Variation [40]
FBL OTRODIE5 moderate Biomarker [41]
GZMA OT43R33L moderate Altered Expression [42]
HLA-DPB1 OTW8JHU2 moderate Biomarker [43]
MYBL2 OTZ3JX8Q moderate Altered Expression [44]
RTCA OTSJRVTD moderate Biomarker [45]
ASAP2 OTGEXULW Strong Biomarker [46]
BANK1 OTXAAA11 Strong Biomarker [47]
CARD16 OT4NUHWB Strong Biomarker [48]
CARMIL1 OT1A5IX5 Strong Altered Expression [49]
CEBPZ OT11BATG Strong Biomarker [44]
CENPA OT0NEJ4X Strong Biomarker [50]
CENPC OTVJ6VE9 Strong Biomarker [51]
COPB2 OT82JIGC Strong Biomarker [48]
CSAD OT3I2G0A Strong Altered Expression [52]
CYCS OTBFALJD Strong Biomarker [53]
DNASE1L3 OTEUIMC2 Strong Genetic Variation [54]
EGR3 OTGPJIRA Strong Altered Expression [55]
EIF2B1 OT4NCVY1 Strong Biomarker [35]
EIF2B2 OTQQMHM1 Strong Biomarker [35]
EIF2B4 OTTM5SX1 Strong Biomarker [35]
EIF2S2 OTXF0B09 Strong Biomarker [35]
EMG1 OTFDX7HY Strong Biomarker [56]
ERAL1 OTSH78HD Strong Genetic Variation [57]
EXOSC10 OTH8Z0AL Strong Genetic Variation [58]
GTF2I OTUYL1TQ Strong Genetic Variation [59]
HLA-DRB5 OTUX5TWM Strong Altered Expression [60]
IFI16 OT4SPU0U Strong Biomarker [61]
IFT122 OTSK3OAD Strong Biomarker [62]
LMNA OT3SG7ZR Strong Genetic Variation [63]
LTBP4 OTC8WL2V Strong Biomarker [64]
MBD1 OTD19VO6 Strong Biomarker [65]
MRPS30 OTDXIAGG Strong Biomarker [46]
MT3 OTVCZ7HI Strong Biomarker [66]
MTPAP OT6HQ02S Strong Biomarker [46]
NID2 OTHC33FF Strong Altered Expression [67]
OXCT1 OT536PE7 Strong Biomarker [68]
PAPOLA OTPHD65D Strong Biomarker [46]
PCM1 OTFM133C Strong Biomarker [65]
PDAP1 OTJSWMOD Strong Biomarker [46]
PLAA OTZ7NJGA Strong Genetic Variation [69]
POLR1A OTDWI0TG Strong Biomarker [38]
RBFOX2 OTXY1WVH Strong Altered Expression [29]
RNPS1 OT7G4COD Strong Biomarker [32]
SERPINE2 OTYF5340 Strong Biomarker [70]
SMG1 OTTS3SXE Strong Biomarker [22]
SPIN1 OT69VAOX Strong Genetic Variation [59]
TSSK1B OTRATM7R Strong Biomarker [71]
DNAAF3 OT3OHO0O Definitive Biomarker [72]
DNAH5 OTC21RUS Definitive Biomarker [72]
DNAI1 OTF6C65Q Definitive Biomarker [72]
PAK3 OT80M3BV Definitive Genetic Variation [33]
PCBD1 OTDSRUD5 Definitive Biomarker [72]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 58 DOT(s)

References

1 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
2 The intracellular chloride channel 4 (CLIC4) activates systemic sclerosis fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Sep 1;60(9):4395-4400.
3 Bosentan FDA Label
4 Cyclophosphamide FDA Label
5 Imatinib FDA Label
6 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
7 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02588625) A Double-Blinded Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of BMS-986020 Versus Placebo in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (dcSSc). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
8 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00406575) Recombinant Human Relaxin for the Treatment of Decompensated CHF. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
9 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800026882)
10 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00043706) Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of CAT-192 (Human Anti-TGF-Beta1 Monoclonal Antibody) in Patients With Early Stage Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
11 CD19 as an attractive target for antibody-based therapy. MAbs. 2012 Sep-Oct;4(5):571-7.
12 The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
13 Transforming growth factor -inhibitor Repsox downregulates collagen expression of scleroderma dermal fibroblasts and prevents bleomycin-induced mice skin fibrosis.Exp Dermatol. 2017 Nov;26(11):1139-1143. doi: 10.1111/exd.13366. Epub 2017 Aug 25.
14 Identification of Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 as a Potential Antifibrotic and Proangiogenic Mediator in Scleroderma.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Aug;71(8):1350-1359. doi: 10.1002/art.40890. Epub 2019 Jun 12.
15 Increased expression of integrin alpha(v)beta3 contributes to the establishment of autocrine TGF-beta signaling in scleroderma fibroblasts.J Immunol. 2005 Dec 1;175(11):7708-18. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7708.
16 LIGHT-HVEM signaling in keratinocytes controls development of dermatitis.J Exp Med. 2018 Feb 5;215(2):415-422. doi: 10.1084/jem.20170536. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
17 Longitudinal Changes in Quantitative Interstitial Lung Disease on Computed Tomography after Immunosuppression in the Scleroderma Lung Study II.Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Nov;15(11):1286-1295. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201802-079OC.
18 The arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease: a multicentre European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) study.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 May 1;56(5):844-852. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew499.
19 Effects of the immunosuppressant rapamycin on the expression of human 2(I) collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 genes in scleroderma dermal fibroblasts.J Dermatol Sci. 2014 Jun;74(3):251-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
20 [Efficacy of anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A combined therapy in aplastic anemia complicated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis].Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2005 Apr;28(2):99-103. doi: 10.2177/jsci.28.99.
21 Discoidin domain receptor 2-microRNA 196a-mediated negative feedback against excess type I collagen expression is impaired in scleroderma dermal fibroblasts.J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Jan;133(1):110-9. doi: 10.1038/jid.2012.252. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
22 ATX-S10(Na)-PDT shows more potent effect on collagen metabolism of human normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblasts than ALA-PDT.Arch Dermatol Res. 2006 Nov;298(6):257-63. doi: 10.1007/s00403-006-0689-6. Epub 2006 Sep 15.
23 Differential effects of the immunosuppressant FK-506 on human alpha2(I) collagen gene expression and transforming growth factor beta signaling in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts.Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1237-47. doi: 10.1002/art.20934.
24 Upregulation of histidine decarboxylase mRNA expression in scleroderma skin.Arch Dermatol Res. 2001 Apr;293(4):171-7. doi: 10.1007/s004030100206.
25 EHP-101, an oral formulation of the cannabidiol aminoquinone VCE-004.8, alleviates bleomycin-induced skin and lung fibrosis.Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Nov;157:304-313. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.047. Epub 2018 Aug 2.
26 Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with scleroderma.Arthritis Rheum. 2004 May;50(5):1561-5. doi: 10.1002/art.20216.
27 Chronic exposure of interleukin-13 suppress the induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 by tumour necrosis factor in normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblasts through protein kinase B/Akt.Clin Exp Immunol. 2018 Jan;191(1):84-95. doi: 10.1111/cei.13045. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
28 Increased serum levels of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in systemic sclerosis are not specific for pulmonary manifestations.Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Jun;37(6):1563-1571. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4081-7. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
29 Fox-2 protein regulates the alternative splicing of scleroderma-associated lysyl hydroxylase 2 messenger RNA.Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Apr;62(4):1167-75. doi: 10.1002/art.27315.
30 Brief Report: Anti-RNPC-3 Antibodies As a Marker of Cancer-Associated Scleroderma.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Jun;69(6):1306-1312. doi: 10.1002/art.40065.
31 Impaired Smad7-Smurf-mediated negative regulation of TGF-beta signaling in scleroderma fibroblasts.J Clin Invest. 2004 Jan;113(2):253-64. doi: 10.1172/JCI16269.
32 Human autoimmune sera as molecular probes for the identification of an autoantigen kinase signaling pathway.J Exp Med. 2002 Nov 4;196(9):1213-25. doi: 10.1084/jem.20021167.
33 HLA antigens, autoantibodies and clinical subsets in scleroderma.Br J Rheumatol. 1984 Nov;23(4):267-71. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/23.4.267.
34 Red cell enzyme types in rheumatic diseases.Hum Hered. 1985;35(2):107-10. doi: 10.1159/000153525.
35 Presence of anti-eukaryotic initiation factor-2B, anti-RuvBL1/2 and anti-synthetase antibodies in patients with anti-nuclear antibody negative systemic sclerosis.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Apr 1;57(4):712-717. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex458.
36 Fibrosin, a novel fibrogenic protein: discovery, cloning and implications for fibrotic disorders.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1996 Dec;111(4):326-9. doi: 10.1159/000237388.
37 Epithelial Fli1 deficiency drives systemic autoimmunity and fibrosis: Possible roles in scleroderma.J Exp Med. 2017 Apr 3;214(4):1129-1151. doi: 10.1084/jem.20160247. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
38 Protective Effect Against Cancer of Antibodies to the LargeSubunits of Both RNA Polymerases I and III in Scleroderma.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;71(9):1571-1579. doi: 10.1002/art.40893. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
39 46, XX SRY-positive male syndrome presenting with primary hypogonadism in the setting of scleroderma.Endocr Pract. 2011 Jan-Feb;17(1):95-8. doi: 10.4158/EP10184.CR.
40 Case series: rheumatological manifestations attributed to exposure to Libby Asbestiform Amphiboles.J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2018;81(15):734-747. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1485124. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
41 U3 snoRNP associates with fibrillarin a component of the scleroderma clumpy nucleolar domain.Arch Dermatol Res. 2002 Oct;294(7):310-7. doi: 10.1007/s00403-002-0338-7. Epub 2002 Sep 5.
42 Gammadelta receptor bearing T cells in scleroderma: enhanced interaction with vascular endothelial cells in vitro.Clin Immunol. 1999 May;91(2):188-95. doi: 10.1006/clim.1999.4694.
43 Association of HLA-DPB1 with scleroderma and its clinical features in Chinese population.PLoS One. 2014 Jan 31;9(1):e87363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087363. eCollection 2014.
44 B-Myb acts as a repressor of human COL1A1 collagen gene expression by interacting with Sp1 and CBF factors in scleroderma fibroblasts.Biochem J. 2004 Mar 1;378(Pt 2):609-16. doi: 10.1042/BJ20031110.
45 Association of the autoimmune disease scleroderma with an immunologic response to cancer.Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):152-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1246886. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
46 Changes in pulmonary exercise haemodynamics in scleroderma: a 4-year prospective study.Eur Respir J. 2017 Jul 13;50(1):1601708. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01708-2016. Print 2017 Jul.
47 The genetics of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis).Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;22(2):133-8. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283367c17.
48 Identification of the mouse beta'-COP Golgi component as a spermatocyte autoantigen in scleroderma and mapping of its gene Copb2 to mouse chromosome 9.Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1999;87(3-4):201-4. doi: 10.1159/000015467.
49 Inhibition of EZH2 prevents fibrosis and restores normal angiogenesis in scleroderma.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Feb 26;116(9):3695-3702. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813006116. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
50 Esperanto for histones: CENP-A, not CenH3, is the centromeric histone H3 variant.Chromosome Res. 2013 Apr;21(2):101-6. doi: 10.1007/s10577-013-9347-y. Epub 2013 Apr 12.
51 CENP-C, an autoantigen in scleroderma, is a component of the human inner kinetochore plate.Cell. 1992 Jul 10;70(1):115-25. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90538-n.
52 Antifibrotic properties of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain in vitro and in vivo.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 May;294(5):L843-61. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00295.2007. Epub 2008 Jan 18.
53 Association between immunosuppressive therapy and course of mild interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 May 1;59(5):1108-1117. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez407.
54 An Immunochip-based interrogation of scleroderma susceptibility variants identifies a novel association at DNASE1L3.Arthritis Res Ther. 2014 Oct 21;16(5):438. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0438-8.
55 Early growth response 3 (Egr-3) is induced by transforming growth factor- and regulates fibrogenic responses.Am J Pathol. 2013 Oct;183(4):1197-1208. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.016. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
56 Human diseases of the SSU processome.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jun;1842(6):758-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
57 Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in Europe: Results From the ERA-EDTA Registry.Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Feb;73(2):184-193. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.05.016. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
58 C1D is a major autoantibody target in patients with the polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome.Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jul;56(7):2449-54. doi: 10.1002/art.22710.
59 Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network-Scleroderma Support group Leader EDucation (SPIN-SSLED) program: non-randomised feasibility trial.BMJ Open. 2019 Nov 11;9(11):e029935. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029935.
60 Up-regulated expression of HLA-DRB5 transcripts and high frequency of the HLA-DRB5*01:05 allele in scleroderma patients with interstitial lung disease.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Oct;51(10):1765-74. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes149. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
61 Risk of Digital Vascular Events in Scleroderma Patients Who Have Both Anticentromere and Anti-Interferon-Inducible Protein 16 Antibodies.Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Jun;69(6):922-926. doi: 10.1002/acr.22978.
62 Facile fabrication of PEG-coated PLGA microspheres via SPG membrane emulsification for the treatment of scleroderma by ECM degrading enzymes.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Jul 1;179:453-461. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.028. Epub 2019 Apr 14.
63 Progeroid syndrome with scleroderma-like skin changes associated with homozygous R435C LMNA mutation.Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Nov;149A(11):2387-92. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33018.
64 Increased expression of latent TGF--binding protein 4 affects the fibrotic process in scleroderma by TGF-/SMAD signaling.Lab Invest. 2017 May;97(5):591-601. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.20. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
65 Localization of autoepitopes on the PCM-1 autoantigen using scleroderma sera with autoantibodies against the centrosome.Mol Biol Rep. 1998 Mar;25(2):111-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1006814217037.
66 Mechanism of serum-mediated endothelial injury in scleroderma: identification of a granular enzyme in scleroderma skin and sera.Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Apr;83(1):32-40. doi: 10.1006/clin.1996.4322.
67 Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mediates antifibrotic effects in scleroderma fibroblasts.Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Aug;77(8):1208-1218. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213022. Epub 2018 May 14.
68 Myeloablation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation normalises systemic sclerosis molecular signatures.Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Oct;78(10):1371-1378. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215770. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
69 Unfolding the pathogenesis of scleroderma through genomics and epigenomics.J Autoimmun. 2017 Sep;83:73-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 May 16.
70 A potential role for protease nexin 1 overexpression in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.J Clin Invest. 1999 Apr;103(8):1179-90. doi: 10.1172/JCI1918.
71 Transgenic analysis of scleroderma: understanding key pathogenic events in vivo.Autoimmun Rev. 2004 Jun;3(4):285-93. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2003.10.003.
72 Chromosome changes in lymphocytes of patients with scleroderma.Ann Genet. 1995;38(3):145-50.