Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC04PH7)

• Drug Combination Name: Crizotinib + Plicamycin
• Indication: Plasma cell myeloma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Crizotinib (DM4F29C): Small molecular drug
  Plicamycin (DM7C8YV): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: RPMI-8226
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 37.1
  Bliss Independence Score: 35.83
  Loewe Additivity Score: 32.38
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 29.75

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Crizotinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[2]

Crizotinib Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Proto-oncogene c-Met (MET)	TTNDSF4	MET_HUMAN	Modulator	[3]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	TTPMQSO	ALK_HUMAN	Modulator	[3]
Proto-oncogene c-Ros (ROS1)	TTSZ6Y3	ROS1_HUMAN	Modulator	[3]
HGF/Met signaling pathway (HGF/Met pathway)	TTKA5LP	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[9]

Crizotinib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

Crizotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]

Crizotinib Interacts with 45 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[7]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	OTV3P4V8	ALK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Prominin-1 (PROM1)	OTBHV8NX	PROM1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
CD44 antigen (CD44)	OT9TTJ41	CD44_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM)	OTHBZK5X	EPCAM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Cytidine deaminase (CDA)	OT3HXP6N	CDD_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1)	OTZF5X1D	INSI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (FADS2)	OTUX531P	FADS2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)	OTRT3F3U	HMDH_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN)	OTFII9KG	FAS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1)	OTCO26FV	HMCS1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2)	OTBXUNPL	SRBP2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA)	OT5CQPZY	ACACA_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[16]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11)	OTNQQWFJ	B2L11_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[17]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB)	OT5GBOVJ	LSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[17]
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (LCK)	OT883FG9	LCK_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[19]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[19]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[21]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[22]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[22]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	OT8H2YY7	AKT1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)	OTAAGKYZ	STAT3_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1)	OTZRWTGA	IQGA1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[25]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[26]
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)	OTJC45TA	EMAL4_HUMAN	Increases Mutagenesis	[22]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
GTPase KRas (KRAS)	OT78QCN8	RASK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[27]
Pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF)	OTANRJ0L	EGF_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)	OTAPLO1S	EGFR_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[27]
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT)	OTHUY3VZ	KIT_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF)	OTLU00JS	HBEGF_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]
Protransforming growth factor alpha (TGFA)	OTPD1LL9	TGFA_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]

Indication(s) of Plicamycin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hypercalcaemia	5B91.0	Approved	[3]
Testicular cancer	2C80	Approved	[3]
Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Withdrawn from market	[4]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Investigative	[5]
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Investigative	[5]

Plicamycin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
RNA synthesis (hRNA synth)	TTX2AYW	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[29]

Plicamycin Interacts with 16 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD17B2)	OT3K7HY5	DHB2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[30]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[31]
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)	OTFE4EYE	AHR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[31]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[31]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[32]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[32]
Epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1)	OTBKWQER	HYEP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[33]
Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1)	OTISPT4X	SP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC)	OTETYX40	SRC_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[34]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[35]
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL)	OTKA2SUX	UFO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[36]
Transcription factor Sp3 (SP3)	OTYDQZ1T	SP3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL1)	OT2YYI1A	MCL1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[37]
Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (EPS8)	OTZ6ES6V	EPS8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[34]
TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1)	OTRAOTEW	TNIP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[38]
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3)	OTHQBETH	NSMA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[39]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DCXM143	DU-145	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCKV3NM	OVCAR3	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCPVFAH	HCT116	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC55L55	HCC-2998	Investigative	[1]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCHPEDV	MOLT-4	Investigative	[1]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCOS0DF	MDA-MB-435	Investigative	[1]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCR0DAO	M14	Investigative	[1]
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	DC9WV79	SR	Investigative	[1]
Astrocytoma	DCUHW44	U251	Investigative	[1]
Astrocytoma	DCT9OYY	SNB-19	Investigative	[1]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCG16DE	CCRF-CEM	Investigative	[1]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	DCHQMJ6	K-562	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DC1J8QM	A498	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DC8E6WP	786-0	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCJUB8I	TK-10	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DC8HPW1	CAKI-1	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCIZ3GN	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DC1Y6RV	SK-MEL-5	Investigative	[1]
Glioblastoma	DCVPUYT	SNB-75	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DC90BL6	SF-295	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DC8VIJI	SF-268	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DCSUDOW	SF-539	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DC55RQG	OVCAR-8	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCWC2L6	OVCAR-5	Investigative	[1]
Large cell lung carcinoma	DCNOP70	NCI-H460	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCTCN6L	HOP-62	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCIUPRB	EKVX	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCLJEUD	UACC62	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCLS8EE	MALME-3M	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCZUU50	UACC-257	Investigative	[1]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma	DC9MK6R	NCI-H322M	Investigative	[1]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma	DCEX8AR	IGROV1	Investigative	[1]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	DC3MRU4	SK-OV-3	Investigative	[1]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma	DC85ME0	ACHN	Investigative	[1]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma	DCWMO3L	NCI-H226	Investigative	[1]
Renal cell carcinoma	DCJ3GO6	UO-31	Investigative	[1]
Renal cell carcinoma	DC7JS5M	SN12C	Investigative	[1]
Breast adenocarcinoma	DCNAOT2	MDA-MB-468	Investigative	[40]
Carcinoma	DC8E6GH	RXF 393	Investigative	[40]
Carcinoma	DCIGX4H	MCF7	Investigative	[40]
Colon adenocarcinoma	DCZ73OY	COLO 205	Investigative	[40]
Colon carcinoma	DCVCNVM	KM12	Investigative	[40]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCQ3VUC	HS 578T	Investigative	[40]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCTE2BZ	BT-549	Investigative	[40]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCBOZI7	T-47D	Investigative	[40]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4903).
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 8394).
• [5] The Pluripotency Factor Musashi-2 Is a Novel Target for Lung Cancer Therapy.Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Apr;15(Supplement_2):S124.
• [6] Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine by modulation of c-Met pathway in pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(5):940-50.
• [7] Antitumor action of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) in gastric cancer positive for MET amplification. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Jul;11(7):1557-64. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0934. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
• [8] Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal. 2012 Apr;24(4):852-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
• [9] Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PF-2341066, suppresses growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Aug 26;9:4897-907.
• [10] Increased oral availability and brain accumulation of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) inhibitor elacridar. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 15;134(6):1484-94.
• [11] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [12] Crizotinib for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Jun 1;70(11):943-7.
• [13] Prediction of crizotinib-midazolam interaction using the Simcyp population-based simulator: comparison of CYP3A time-dependent inhibition between human liver microsomes versus hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):343-52.
• [14] Editor's Highlight: PlacentalDisposition and Effects of Crizotinib: An Ex Vivo Study in the Isolated Dual-Side Perfused Human Cotyledon. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):500-509. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx063.
• [15] Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Feb 8;4(120):120ra17. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003316. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
• [16] Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
• [17] Rapid-onset hypogonadism secondary to crizotinib use in men with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2012 Nov 1;118(21):5302-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27450. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
• [18] Structure based drug design of crizotinib (PF-02341066), a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). J Med Chem. 2011 Sep 22;54(18):6342-63. doi: 10.1021/jm2007613. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
• [19] ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114768. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [20] Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.
• [21] Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
• [22] Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 3;108(18):7535-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019559108. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
• [23] Paracrine receptor activation by microenvironment triggers bypass survival signals and ALK inhibitor resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 1;18(13):3592-602. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2972. Epub 2012 May 2.
• [24] Crizotinib-resistant mutants of EML4-ALK identified through an accelerated mutagenesis screen. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2011 Dec;78(6):999-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01239.x. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
• [25] Tyrosine phosphorylation of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in the MET pathway alters function. J Biol Chem. 2020 Dec 25;295(52):18105-18121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015891. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
• [26] Keratinocytes apoptosis contributes to crizotinib induced-erythroderma. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.007. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
• [27] Mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib in patients with ALK gene rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Mar 1;18(5):1472-82. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2906. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
• [28] The activity of a novel mithramycin analog is related to its binding to DNA, cellular accumulation, and inhibition of Sp1-driven gene transcription. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Aug 5;219:123-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.019. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
• [29] Role of magnesium ion in mithramycin-DNA interaction: binding of mithramycin-Mg2+ complexes with DNA. Biochemistry. 1995 Jan 31;34(4):1376-85.
• [30] SP1 and SP3 mediate progesterone-dependent induction of the 17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in human endometrium. Biol Reprod. 2006 Oct;75(4):605-14.
• [31] Metformin suppresses CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in breast cancer cells by down-regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;280(1):138-48.
• [32] Molecular mechanisms of transactivation and doxorubicin-mediated repression of survivin gene in cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 26;282(4):2615-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M606203200. Epub 2006 Nov 22.
• [33] Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors regulate the basal expression of human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) through interaction with the E1b far upstream promoter. Gene. 2014 Feb 15;536(1):135-44. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.053. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
• [34] Mithramycin inhibits human epithelial carcinoma cell proliferation and migration involving downregulation of Eps8 expression. Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Jan 5;183(1):181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.018.
• [35] Asbestos induces tissue factor in Beas-2B human lung bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Lung. 2004;182(4):251-64. doi: 10.1007/s00408-004-2507-2.
• [36] The human receptor tyrosine kinase Axl gene--promoter characterization and regulation of constitutive expression by Sp1, Sp3 and CpG methylation. Biosci Rep. 2008 Jun;28(3):161-76. doi: 10.1042/BSR20080046.
• [37] CREB/Sp1-mediated MCL1 expression and NFB-mediated ABCB1 expression modulate the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 15;435:115847. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115847. Epub 2021 Dec 25.
• [38] Sp sites contribute to basal and inducible expression of the human TNIP1 (TNF-inducible protein 3-interacting protein 1) promoter. Biochem J. 2013 Jun 15;452(3):519-29. doi: 10.1042/BJ20121666.
• [39] Transcriptional regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 gene expression of a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, induced by the anti-cancer drug, daunorubicin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Nov-Dec;1789(11-12):681-90. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.08.006. Epub 2009 Aug 19.
• [40] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.