Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCO6T67)

• Drug Combination Name: Crizotinib + Lapatinib
• Indication: Astrocytoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Crizotinib (DM4F29C): Small molecular drug
  Lapatinib (DM3BH1Y): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: U251
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 4.23
  Bliss Independence Score: 4.92
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.89
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 4.56

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Crizotinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[2]

Crizotinib Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Proto-oncogene c-Met (MET)	TTNDSF4	MET_HUMAN	Modulator	[8]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	TTPMQSO	ALK_HUMAN	Modulator	[8]
Proto-oncogene c-Ros (ROS1)	TTSZ6Y3	ROS1_HUMAN	Modulator	[8]
HGF/Met signaling pathway (HGF/Met pathway)	TTKA5LP	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[9]

Crizotinib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

Crizotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]

Crizotinib Interacts with 45 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[6]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	OTV3P4V8	ALK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Prominin-1 (PROM1)	OTBHV8NX	PROM1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
CD44 antigen (CD44)	OT9TTJ41	CD44_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM)	OTHBZK5X	EPCAM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Cytidine deaminase (CDA)	OT3HXP6N	CDD_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1)	OTZF5X1D	INSI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (FADS2)	OTUX531P	FADS2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)	OTRT3F3U	HMDH_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN)	OTFII9KG	FAS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1)	OTCO26FV	HMCS1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2)	OTBXUNPL	SRBP2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA)	OT5CQPZY	ACACA_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[16]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11)	OTNQQWFJ	B2L11_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[17]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB)	OT5GBOVJ	LSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[17]
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (LCK)	OT883FG9	LCK_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[19]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[19]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[21]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[22]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[22]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	OT8H2YY7	AKT1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)	OTAAGKYZ	STAT3_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1)	OTZRWTGA	IQGA1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[25]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[26]
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)	OTJC45TA	EMAL4_HUMAN	Increases Mutagenesis	[22]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
GTPase KRas (KRAS)	OT78QCN8	RASK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[27]
Pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF)	OTANRJ0L	EGF_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)	OTAPLO1S	EGFR_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[27]
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT)	OTHUY3VZ	KIT_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF)	OTLU00JS	HBEGF_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]
Protransforming growth factor alpha (TGFA)	OTPD1LL9	TGFA_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]

Indication(s) of Lapatinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[3]
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma	2B71	Approved	[4]
Melanoma	2C30	Approved	[4]

Lapatinib Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Erbb2 tyrosine kinase receptor (HER2)	TT6EO5L	ERBB2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[29]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)	TTGKNB4	EGFR_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[29]
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K)	TT1QFLA	EF2K_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[30]

Lapatinib Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[31]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[32]

Lapatinib Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[33]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[34]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[33]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[34]

Lapatinib Interacts with 36 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)	OTAPLO1S	EGFR_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[35]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[36]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2)	OTIWXGZ9	SODM_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[37]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[37]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)	OTZGGIVK	NQO1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[37]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)	OT0HENJ5	NF2L2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[37]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[38]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[35]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[39]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[40]
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1)	OT51O0CF	TOP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[41]
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A)	OT6LPS08	TOP2A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[41]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[41]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2)	OTPHHYZJ	CCNA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[39]
Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (ABCB4)	OTE6PY83	MDR3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[42]
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (ERBB3)	OTRSST0A	ERBB3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[43]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[21]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[35]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[39]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[39]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	OT8H2YY7	AKT1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[35]
DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 (MCM7)	OT6FXC6K	MCM7_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[39]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[41]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B)	OTNY5LLZ	CDN1B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[35]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[41]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[41]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)	OTAW0V4V	BAX_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[40]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[44]
GTPase KRas (KRAS)	OT78QCN8	RASK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[45]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain (HLA-DQA1)	OTC6GISG	DQA1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[46]
Zinc finger protein SNAI1 (SNAI1)	OTDPYAMC	SNAI1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[47]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[41]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	OTTCDHHM	CP3A7_HUMAN	Increases Metabolism	[41]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[47]
Tenascin-X (TNXB)	OTVBWAV5	TENX_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[46]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain (HLA-DQB1)	OTVVI3UI	DQB1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[46]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	DCO2IS8	K-562	Investigative	[1]
Large cell lung carcinoma	DCNGCN0	NCI-H460	Investigative	[1]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCV0NB6	T-47D	Investigative	[48]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4903).
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5692).
• [4] Lapatinib FDA Label
• [5] Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine by modulation of c-Met pathway in pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(5):940-50.
• [6] Antitumor action of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) in gastric cancer positive for MET amplification. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Jul;11(7):1557-64. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0934. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
• [7] Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal. 2012 Apr;24(4):852-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
• [8] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [9] Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PF-2341066, suppresses growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Aug 26;9:4897-907.
• [10] Increased oral availability and brain accumulation of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) inhibitor elacridar. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 15;134(6):1484-94.
• [11] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [12] Crizotinib for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Jun 1;70(11):943-7.
• [13] Prediction of crizotinib-midazolam interaction using the Simcyp population-based simulator: comparison of CYP3A time-dependent inhibition between human liver microsomes versus hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):343-52.
• [14] Editor's Highlight: PlacentalDisposition and Effects of Crizotinib: An Ex Vivo Study in the Isolated Dual-Side Perfused Human Cotyledon. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):500-509. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx063.
• [15] Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Feb 8;4(120):120ra17. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003316. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
• [16] Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
• [17] Rapid-onset hypogonadism secondary to crizotinib use in men with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2012 Nov 1;118(21):5302-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27450. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
• [18] Structure based drug design of crizotinib (PF-02341066), a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). J Med Chem. 2011 Sep 22;54(18):6342-63. doi: 10.1021/jm2007613. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
• [19] ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114768. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [20] Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.
• [21] Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
• [22] Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 3;108(18):7535-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019559108. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
• [23] Paracrine receptor activation by microenvironment triggers bypass survival signals and ALK inhibitor resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 1;18(13):3592-602. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2972. Epub 2012 May 2.
• [24] Crizotinib-resistant mutants of EML4-ALK identified through an accelerated mutagenesis screen. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2011 Dec;78(6):999-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01239.x. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
• [25] Tyrosine phosphorylation of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in the MET pathway alters function. J Biol Chem. 2020 Dec 25;295(52):18105-18121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015891. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
• [26] Keratinocytes apoptosis contributes to crizotinib induced-erythroderma. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.007. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
• [27] Mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib in patients with ALK gene rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Mar 1;18(5):1472-82. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2906. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
• [28] UGT-dependent regioselective glucuronidation of ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid and selective transport of the consequent acyl glucuronides by OATP1B1 and 1B3. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Sep 1;310:108745. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108745. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
• [29] Triple negative breast cancer--current status and prospective targeted treatment based on HER1 (EGFR), TOP2A and C-MYC gene assessment. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2009 Mar;153(1):13-7.
• [30] Inhibition of eEF-2 kinase sensitizes human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to lapatinib-induced apoptosis through the Src and Erk pathways.BMC Cancer. 2016 Oct 19;16(1):813.
• [31] Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2018 Classic Shirt-Pocket Edition.
• [32] The role of efflux and uptake transporters in [N-{3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}-6-[5-({[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-furyl]-4-quinazolinamine (GW572016, lapatinib) disposition and drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Apr;36(4):695-701.
• [33] Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 3A4 by lapatinib. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;78(4):693-703.
• [34] Clinical pharmacokinetics of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Dec;35(8):692-706.
• [35] The dual ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor, lapatinib (GW572016), cooperates with tamoxifen to inhibit both cell proliferation- and estrogen-dependent gene expression in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 1;65(1):18-25.
• [36] Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
• [37] P450 3A-catalyzed O-dealkylation of lapatinib induces mitochondrial stress and activates Nrf2. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 May 16;29(5):784-96.
• [38] Combining lapatinib (GW572016), a small molecule inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2 tyrosine kinases, with therapeutic anti-ErbB2 antibodies enhances apoptosis of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2005 Sep 15;24(41):6213-21. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208774.
• [39] CDK4/6 inhibition provides a potent adjunct to Her2-targeted therapies in preclinical breast cancer models. Genes Cancer. 2014 Jul;5(7-8):261-72. doi: 10.18632/genesandcancer.24.
• [40] Effects of lapatinib on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NB4 cells. Oncol Lett. 2018 Jan;15(1):235-242. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.7342. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
• [41] The involvement of hepatic cytochrome P450s in the cytotoxicity of lapatinib. Toxicol Sci. 2023 Dec 21;197(1):69-78. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad099.
• [42] Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
• [43] Suppression of HER2/HER3-mediated growth of breast cancer cells with combinations of GDC-0941 PI3K inhibitor, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 15;15(12):4147-56. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2814. Epub 2009 Jun 9.
• [44] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
• [45] The K-Ras effector p38 MAPK confers intrinsic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors by stimulating EGFR transcription and EGFR dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2017 Sep 8;292(36):15070-15079. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.779488. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
• [46] HLA-DQA1*02:01 is a major risk factor for lapatinib-induced hepatotoxicity in women with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 20;29(6):667-73. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.3197. Epub 2011 Jan 18.
• [47] Niclosamide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor growth in lapatinib-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 Feb;71:12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.014. Epub 2015 Nov 28.
• [48] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.