General Information of Drug (ID: DMKZJ7T)

Drug Name
GINKGOLIDE A Drug Info
Synonyms Ginkgolide A; 15291-75-5; CHEBI:5355; SCHEMBL340234; GTPL1861; LMPR0104540001; AB2000432; C07601
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [1]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
9909368
CAS Number
CAS 15291-75-5
TTD Drug ID
DMKZJ7T

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE DMEPWYA Muscle spasm MB47.3 Approved [4]
D-Serine DM3YH4I N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [5]
GINKOLIDE B DMLIM7B Sepsis 1G40-1G41 Terminated [2]
3-demethoxy-3-D-lyxopyranosylaminothiocolchicine DME8VPC Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
3-demethoxy-3-D-xylopyranosylaminothiocolchicine DMXFVD1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
3-demethoxy-3-L-fucopyranosylaminothiocolchicine DM4ERYF Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
3-demethoxy-3D-glucopyranosylaminothiocolchicine DMID7TC Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
3-demethoxy-3-D-mannopyranosylaminothiocolchicine DMALMGH Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
Ginkgolide J DMUOMP1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [2]
Ginkgolide C DMVN374 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [2]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Targeting Glycine receptor (GlyR)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE DMEPWYA Muscle spasm MB47.3 Approved [4]
ZD-9379 DM3KYO4 Cerebrovascular ischaemia 8B1Z Phase 1 [6]
UK-240455 DMSCXB7 Nerve injury ND56.4 Phase 1 [7]
MDL-27531 DMC60S8 Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Phase 1 [8]
Gavestinel DM8IL1U Nerve injury ND56.4 Discontinued in Phase 2 [9]
GV-196771 DMFN21T Migraine 8A80 Discontinued in Phase 2 [10]
GW 468816 DMQ92WF Tobacco dependence 6C4A.2 Discontinued in Phase 2 [11]
M-241247 DMIY51U Cerebrovascular ischaemia 8B1Z Terminated [12]
GINKOLIDE B DMLIM7B Sepsis 1G40-1G41 Terminated [2]
3-demethoxy-3-D-lyxopyranosylaminothiocolchicine DME8VPC Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [13]
Vidarabine DM0N85H Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [13]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [14]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [15]
Secobarbital DM14RF5 Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [16]
Etidronic acid DM1XHYJ Bone Paget disease Approved [13]
Tiaprofenic acid DM23D7J Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [13]
Bromperidol DM24XYQ Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [13]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [17]
Deoxycholic acid DM3GYAL Subcutaneous fat disorder EF02 Approved [18]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Flupentixol DM0DJ9O Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [19]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [20]
Crizotinib DM4F29C Non-small-cell lung cancer 2C25.Y Approved [21]
Lamotrigine DM8SXYG Bipolar disorder 6A60 Approved [22]
Cepharanthine DM9Y5JB N. A. N. A. Approved [23]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Aspergillosis 1F20 Approved [24]
Clozapine DMFC71L Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [25]
Midostaurin DMI6E0R Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Approved [26]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Anxiety Approved [27]
Olanzapine DMPFN6Y Bipolar depression Approved [25]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Eplerenone DMF0NQR Heart failure BD10-BD13 Approved [28]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [29]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [30]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Aspergillosis 1F20 Approved [31]
Proguanil DMBL79I Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [32]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite 1F6B Approved [32]
Loratadine DMF3AN7 Allergy 4A80-4A85 Approved [33]
Nelfinavir mesylate DMFX6G8 N. A. N. A. Approved [34]
Capsaicin DMGMF6V Back pain ME84.Z Approved [35]
Axitinib DMGVH6N Renal cell carcinoma 2C90 Approved [36]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [37]
Ritonavir DMU764S Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [38]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [39]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [40]
Phenytoin DMNOKBV Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [41]
Clopidogrel DMOL54H Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [42]
Artemisinin DMOY7W3 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [43]
Malathion DMXZ84M Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [44]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Cluster headache 8A81.0 Approved [45]
Permethrin DMZ0Q1G Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [46]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Lopinavir DMITQS0 Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [47]
Sulfinpyrazone DMEV954 Gout FA25 Approved [48]
Probenecid DMMFWOJ Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [49]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [50]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [51]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [52]
Cholic Acid DM7OKQV Cholelithiasis DC11 Approved [53]
Epirubicin DMPDW6T Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [54]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [55]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [56]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Glycine receptor (GlyR) TTZ8EM9 GLRA1_HUMAN; GLRA2_HUMAN; GLRA3_HUMAN; GLRA4_HUMAN; GLRB_HUMAN Inhibitor [2]
Strychnine-binding glycine receptor (GLRA1) TTF45NW GLRA1_HUMAN Inhibitor [2]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) OTJSIGV5 MRP2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) OTOYO4S7 CP2B6_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) OTC5U0N5 NR1I2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 OTH1C8OJ UD11_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [3]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1861).
2 Probing the pharmacophore of ginkgolides as glycine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 5;50(7):1610-7.
3 Bioactive terpenoids and flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract induce the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes through pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathways. Pharm Res. 2009 Apr;26(4):872-82.
4 3-demethoxy-3-glycosylaminothiocolchicines: Synthesis of a new class of putative muscle relaxant compounds. J Med Chem. 2006 Sep 7;49(18):5571-7.
5 Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5.
6 Neuroprotective potential of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. Neurotox Res. 2002 Mar;4(2):119-26.
7 UK-315716/UK-240455. Pfizer. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Dec;2(12):1737-9.
8 MDL 27,531 reduces spontaneous hindlimb contractions in rats with chronic transections of the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett. 1992 Nov 23;147(1):101-5.
9 Glycine antagonist (gavestinel) in neuroprotection (GAIN International) in patients with acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial.GAIN International Investigators.Lancet.2000 Jun 3;355(9219):1949-54.
10 First time in human for GV196771: interspecies scaling applied on dose selection. J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jun;39(6):560-6.
11 A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the NMDA glycine site antagonist, GW468816, for prevention of relapse to smoking in females.J Clin Psychopharmacol.2011 Oct;31(5):597-602.
12 Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800003415)
13 Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
14 Induction of PXR-mediated metabolism by beta-carotene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 May 30;1740(2):162-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.11.013. Epub 2004 Dec 8.
15 Lignans, bacteriocides and organochlorine compounds activate the human pregnane X receptor (PXR). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Dec 1;209(2):123-33. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.03.015.
16 Identification and validation of novel human pregnane X receptor activators among prescribed drugs via ligand-based virtual screening. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Feb;39(2):337-44. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.035808. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
17 Identification of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as activators for human, mouse and rat constitutive androstane receptor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jul;33(7):924-9.
18 Acetylated deoxycholic (DCA) and cholic (CA) acids are potent ligands of pregnane X (PXR) receptor. Toxicol Lett. 2017 Jan 4;265:86-96.
19 Characteristics of P388/VMDRC.04, a simple, sensitive model for studying P-glycoprotein antagonists. Cancer Res. 1994 Feb 1;54(3):730-7.
20 Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of drugs of abuse to estimate their affinity to human P-glycoprotein. Toxicol Lett. 2013 Feb 27;217(2):137-42. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.012. Epub 2012 Dec 27.
21 Editor's Highlight: PlacentalDisposition and Effects of Crizotinib: An Ex Vivo Study in the Isolated Dual-Side Perfused Human Cotyledon. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):500-509. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx063.
22 Functional evaluation of polymorphisms in the human ABCB1 gene and the impact on clinical responses of antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2008 May;18(5):390-402. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282f85e36.
23 Cepharanthine potently enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in K562 cells. Cancer Sci. 2005 Jun;96(6):372-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00057.x.
24 Clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring of itraconazole is warranted in only a subset of patients. Ther Drug Monit. 2005 Jun;27(3):322-33. doi: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000150135.22645.ea.
25 Evaluation of antipsychotic drugs as inhibitors of multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Sep;187(4):415-23. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0437-9. Epub 2006 Jun 30.
26 Actions of the selective protein kinase C inhibitor PKC412 on B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Haematologica. 2002 Feb;87(2):167-76.
27 Characterization of the ATPase activity of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000 membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) associated with multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cells. Cancer Res. 1988 Sep 1;48(17):4926-32.
28 The relative role of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in eplerenone metabolism. Toxicol Lett. 2019 Oct 15;315:9-13.
29 Characterization of the structural determinants required for potent mechanism-based inhibition of human cytochrome P450 1A1 by cannabidiol. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 May 25;215:62-8.
30 Retinoids activate the RXR/SXR-mediated pathway and induce the endogenous CYP3A4 activity in Huh7 human hepatoma cells. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Jul;92(1):51-60.
31 The novel azole R126638 is a selective inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis in Candida albicans, Trichophyton spp., and Microsporum canis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Sep;48(9):3272-8.
32 Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):30-5.
33 Cetirizine and loratadine-based antihistamines with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Nov 15;14(22):5591-4.
34 Mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A by HIV protease inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Feb;312(2):583-91.
35 Studies of the toxicological potential of capsinoids, XIII: inhibitory effects of capsaicin and capsinoids on cytochrome P450 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Int J Toxicol. 2010 Mar;29(2 Suppl):22S-6S.
36 Investigation of the effects of axitinib on the pharmacokinetics of loperamide and its main metabolite N-demethylated loperamide in rats by UPLC-MS/MS. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Sep 1;310:108744. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108744. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
37 Cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of new psychoactive substances of the tryptamine class. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Jan 22;241:82-94.
38 Transcriptional profiling suggests that Nevirapine and Ritonavir cause drug induced liver injury through distinct mechanisms in primary human hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Aug 5;255:31-44.
39 Evaluation of gene induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in primary culture of human hepatocytes using high-sensitivity real-time reverse transcription PCR. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2002 May;122(5):339-61.
40 Thalidomide increases human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A enzymes by direct activation of the pregnane X receptor. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Feb 17;27(2):304-308.
41 Human constitutive androstane receptor mediates induction of CYP2B6 gene expression by phenytoin. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 9;279(28):29295-301. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M400580200. Epub 2004 Apr 28.
42 Identification of novel agonists by high-throughput screening and molecular modelling of human constitutive androstane receptor isoform 3. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Aug;93(8):2247-2264. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02495-6. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
43 Antimalarial artemisinin drugs induce cytochrome P450 and MDR1 expression by activation of xenosensors pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;67(6):1954-65.
44 Characterization of human cytochrome P450 induction by pesticides. Toxicology. 2012 Mar 29;294(1):17-26.
45 Species-specific mechanisms for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) regulation by drugs and bile acids. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Feb 1;434(1):75-85.
46 Pyrethroids: cytotoxicity and induction of CYP isoforms in human hepatocytes. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2008;23(3-4):211-36.
47 Functional defect caused by the 4544G>A SNP in ABCC2: potential impact for drug cellular disposition. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Dec;21(12):884-93. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834d672b.
48 Role of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2) in alkylating agent detoxification: MRP2 potentiates glutathione S-transferase A1-1-mediated resistance to chlorambucil cytotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Jan;308(1):260-7. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.057729. Epub 2003 Oct 20.
49 MRP2 (ABCC2) transports taxanes and confers paclitaxel resistance and both processes are stimulated by probenecid. Int J Cancer. 2005 Sep 20;116(5):824-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21013.
50 Association of genetic polymorphisms in SLCO1B3 and ABCC2 with docetaxel-induced leukopenia. Cancer Sci. 2008 May;99(5):967-72.
51 Methotrexate normalizes up-regulated folate pathway genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Nov;65(11):2791-802.
52 In vitro study of transporters involved in intestinal absorption of inorganic arsenic. Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Feb 20;25(2):446-53. doi: 10.1021/tx200491f. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
53 Potency of individual bile acids to regulate bile acid synthesis and transport genes in primary human hepatocyte cultures. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Oct;141(2):538-46. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu151. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
54 Co-encapsulation of chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in PEGylated liposomes circumvents multidrug resistance in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.023. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
55 Evaluation of drug transporters' significance for multidrug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2011 Jul;33(7):959-68. doi: 10.1002/hed.21559. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
56 Gene expression analysis of precision-cut human liver slices indicates stable expression of ADME-Tox related genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 May 15;253(1):57-69.