General Information of Drug (ID: DMZSDGX)

Drug Name
Dicyclomine
Synonyms
Atumin; Bentomine; Bentylol; Dicicloverina; Dicycloverin; Dicycloverine; Dicycloverinum; Dicymine; Diocyl; Dyspas; Formulex; Mamiesan; Merbentyl; Procyclomin; Sawamin; Spasmoban; Wyovin; Bentyl hydrochloride; Bentylol hydrochloride; Dicyclomine Hcl; Dicycloverin hydrochloride; Diethylaminocarbethoxybicyclohexyl hydrochloride; Diocyl hydrochloride; Kolantyl hydrochloride; Wyovin hydrochloride; GU8471000; Bentyl (TN); Bentylol (TN); Byclomine (TN); Di-syntramine; Dibent (TN); Dicicloverina [INN-Spanish]; Dicycloverine (INN); Dicycloverine [INN:BAN]; Dicycloverinum [INN-Latin]; Dicymine (TN); Dilomine (TN); Formulex (TN); Lomine (TN); Merbentyl (TN); Oxityl-P; Beta-Diethylaminoethyl 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride; Di-Spaz (TN); J.L. 998; Beta-Diethylaminoethyl-1-cyclohexylhexahydrobenzoate hydrochloride; Bicyclohexyl-1-carbonsaeure-2'diethylaminoethylester; [Bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester hydrochloride; Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclohexyl-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; [1,1'-Bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; (1,1'-Bicyclohexyl)-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; (BICYCLOHEXYL)-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHYL ESTER, HYDROCHLORIDE; (Bicyclohexyl)-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; 1-Cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester; 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl)-1-carboxylate; 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 1-cyclohexylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate; 2-diethylaminoethyl 1-cyclohexylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate; 2-diethylaminoethyl 1-cyclohexylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate hydrochloride
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Functional bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [1]
Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Approved [2]
Therapeutic Class
Anticholinergic Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 1 Molecular Weight (mw) 309.5
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 5.5
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 3
ADMET Property
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 2 h [3]
Elimination
79.5% of drug eliminated in the urine and 8.4% in the feces [4]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 1.8 hours [4]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 4.29731 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 3.65 L/kg [6]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C19H35NO2
IUPAC Name
2-(diethylamino)ethyl 1-cyclohexylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate
Canonical SMILES
CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1(CCCCC1)C2CCCCC2
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H35NO2/c1-3-20(4-2)15-16-22-18(21)19(13-9-6-10-14-19)17-11-7-5-8-12-17/h17H,3-16H2,1-2H3
InChIKey
CURUTKGFNZGFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
3042
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:4514
CAS Number
77-19-0
DrugBank ID
DB00804
TTD ID
D07XJM
VARIDT ID
DR00767
INTEDE ID
DR2280
ACDINA ID
D00194

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) TTZ9SOR ACM1_HUMAN Antagonist [7]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Functional bowel syndrome
ICD Disease Classification DD91.0
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) DTT CHRM1 4.61E-07 -0.59 -0.73
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Dicyclomine
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
R0-93877 DMM4U9G Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with R0-93877. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [8]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Dicyclomine (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Bethanechol DMCLHO0 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Bethanechol. Abnormal micturition [MF50] [9]
Oliceridine DM6MDCF Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Oliceridine. Acute pain [MG31] [10]
Mepyramine DMB4SFH Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Mepyramine. Allergic/hypersensitivity disorder [4A80-4A8Z] [11]
Phenyltoloxamine DMKAEQW Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Phenyltoloxamine. Allergic/hypersensitivity disorder [4A80-4A8Z] [11]
Memantine DMD9WSC Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Memantine. Alzheimer disease [8A20] [12]
Rivastigmine DMG629M Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Rivastigmine. Alzheimer disease [8A20] [13]
Donepezil DMIYG7Z Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Donepezil. Alzheimer disease [8A20] [13]
Desipramine DMT2FDC Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Desipramine. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05] [12]
Cariprazine DMJYDVK Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Cariprazine. Bipolar disorder [6A60] [12]
Loperamide DMOJZQ9 Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Loperamide. Bowel habit change [ME05] [14]
Acetylcholine DMDF79Z Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Acetylcholine. Cataract [9B10] [15]
Umeclidinium DM4E8O9 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Umeclidinium. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [16]
Tiotropium DMFDC0Q Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Tiotropium. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [16]
Revefenacin DMMP5SI Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Revefenacin. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [16]
Dihydrocodeine DMB0FWL Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Dihydrocodeine. Chronic pain [MG30] [17]
Remifentanil DMZTXCH Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Remifentanil. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [10]
Arbutamine DMCY8AF Moderate Increased risk of rapid heart rate by the combination of Dicyclomine and Arbutamine. Coronary atherosclerosis [BA80] [18]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Ethanol. Cystitis [GC00] [19]
Cyclobenzaprine DM1YBRM Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Cyclobenzaprine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [12]
Isocarboxazid DMAF1NB Minor Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Isocarboxazid. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [12]
OPC-34712 DMHG57U Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and OPC-34712. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [12]
Clomipramine DMINRKW Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Clomipramine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [12]
Doxepin DMPI98T Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Doxepin. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [12]
Maprotiline DMPWB7T Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Maprotiline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [12]
Mepenzolate DM8YU2F Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Mepenzolate. Digestive system disease [DE2Z] [12]
Oxybutynine DMJPBAX Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Oxybutynine. Discovery agent [N.A.] [12]
Zonisamide DM0DTF7 Major Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Dicyclomine and Zonisamide. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [20]
Solifenacin DMG592Q Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Solifenacin. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [12]
Tolterodine DMSHPW8 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Tolterodine. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [12]
Ketoconazole DMPZI3Q Moderate Decreased absorption of Dicyclomine due to altered gastric pH caused by Ketoconazole. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [21]
Pilocarpine DMV9ADG Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Pilocarpine. Glaucoma [9C61] [9]
Carvedilol DMHTEAO Moderate Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Carvedilol. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [22]
Chlorothiazide DMLHESP Minor Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Chlorothiazide. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [23]
Acebutolol DM0TI4U Moderate Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Acebutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [22]
Penbutolol DM4ES8F Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Penbutolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [22]
Pindolol DMD2NV7 Moderate Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Pindolol. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [22]
Indapamide DMGN1PW Minor Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Indapamide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [23]
Trichlormethiazide DMHAQCO Minor Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Trichlormethiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [23]
Hydrochlorothiazide DMUSZHD Minor Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Hydrochlorothiazide. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [23]
Belladonna DM2RBWK Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Belladonna. Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40] [12]
Amantadine DMS3YE9 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Amantadine. Influenza [1E30-1E32] [24]
ITI-007 DMUQ1DO Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and ITI-007. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [12]
Physostigmine DM2N0TO Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Physostigmine. Lips/oral mucosa miscellaneous disorder [DA02] [13]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Allopregnanolone. Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z] [25]
Lasmiditan DMXLVDT Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Lasmiditan. Migraine [8A80] [26]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [27]
Neostigmine DM6T2J3 Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Neostigmine. Myasthenia gravis [8C6Y] [28]
Ambenonium DMOP0BL Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Ambenonium. Myasthenia gravis [8C6Y] [28]
Phenindamine DMDTC7R Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Phenindamine. Nasopharyngitis [CA00] [12]
Dimenhydrinate DM264B3 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Dimenhydrinate. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [12]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [12]
Cyclizine DM9G7BS Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Cyclizine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [12]
Metoclopramide DMFA5MY Moderate Antagonize the effect of Dicyclomine when combined with Metoclopramide. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [29]
Polythiazide DMCH80F Minor Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Polythiazide. Oedema [MG29] [23]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [17]
Oxymorphone DM65AGJ Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Oxymorphone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [10]
Levorphanol DMGS80V Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Levorphanol. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [10]
Dezocine DMJDB0Y Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Dezocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [10]
Flavoxate DMKV4NL Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Flavoxate. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [12]
Nalbuphine DMOSQGU Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Nalbuphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [10]
Buprenorphine DMPRI8G Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Buprenorphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [10]
Biperiden DME78OA Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Biperiden. Parkinsonism [8A00] [12]
Levodopa DMN3E57 Moderate Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Levodopa. Parkinsonism [8A00] [30]
Orphenadrine DMW542E Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Orphenadrine. Parkinsonism [8A00] [12]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Methylscopolamine. Peptic ulcer [DA61] [12]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [12]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Aripiprazole. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Iloperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Perphenazine DMA4MRX Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Perphenazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Molindone DMAH70G Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Molindone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Thiothixene DMDINC4 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Thiothixene. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Trifluoperazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Asenapine DMSQZE2 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Asenapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Pimozide DMW83TP Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Pimozide. Schizophrenia [6A20] [12]
Fentanyl DM8WAHT Moderate Additive antimotility effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Fentanyl. Sensation disturbance [MB40] [10]
Pramlintide DM0EZ9Q Moderate Altered absorption of Dicyclomine due to GI dynamics variation caused by Pramlintide. Type-1/2 diabete [5A10-5A11] [31]
Chlorpheniramine DM5URA2 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Chlorpheniramine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [12]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Methdilazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [12]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [11]
Brompheniramine DMFOVSD Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Brompheniramine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [12]
Acrivastine DMTIGA0 Moderate Additive anticholinergic effects by the combination of Dicyclomine and Acrivastine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [12]
⏷ Show the Full List of 83 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
D&C red no. 28 E00491 6097185 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1 E00263 19700 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
FD&C red no. 4 E00356 62542 Colorant
Isopropyl alcohol E00070 3776 Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Stearic acid E00079 5281 Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Ammonia E00007 222 Alkalizing agent
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Brushite E00392 104805 Diluent
Butyl alcohol E00011 263 Flavoring agent; Solvent
Calcium hydrogenphosphate E00294 24441 Diluent
Calcium sulfate anhydrous E00303 24497 Desiccant; Diluent
FD&C red no. 3 E00629 Not Available Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide E00231 14789 Colorant
Hypromellose E00634 Not Available Coating agent
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Propylene glycol E00040 1030 Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose E00091 5988 Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
⏷ Show the Full List of 24 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Dicyclomine 10 mg capsule 10 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Dicyclomine 20 mg tablet 20 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Dicyclomine 10 mg tablet 10 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
2 Dicyclomine FDA Label
3 FDA Approved Drug Products: NORVIR (ritonavir) Capsules, Soft Gelatin for Oral use
4 Metabolic dynamics of dicyclomine hydrochloride in man as influenced by various dose schedules and formulations Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1967 Dec 18;13(1):16-23.
5 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
6 FDA Approved Drug Products: Dicyclomine Oral Capsules, Oral Tablets, and Intramuscular Injections
7 [Characterization of muscarinic receptors in undifferentiated thyroid cells in Fisher rats]. Endocrinol Nutr. 2009 Mar;56(3):106-11.
8 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
9 Benjamin KW "Toxicity of ocular medications." Int Ophthalmol Clin 19 (1979): 199-255. [PMID: 376469]
10 Product Information. Apadaz (acetaminophen-benzhydrocodone). KemPharm, Inc, Coralville, IA.
11 Kulik AV, Wilbur R "Delirium and stereotypy from anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs." Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 6 (1982): 75-82. [PMID: 7202232]
12 Cohen MA, Alfonso CA, Mosquera M. Development of urinary retention during treatment with clozapine and meclizine [published correction appears in Am J Psychiatry 1994 Jun;151(6):952]. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151(4):619-620. [PMID: 8147469]
13 Beers MH, Ouslander JG, Rollingher I, Reuben DB, Brooks J, Beck JC "Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents." Arch Intern Med 151 (1991): 1825-32. [PMID: 1888249]
14 Eronen M, Putkonen H, Hallikainen T, Vartiainen H "Lethal gastroenteritis associated with clozapine and loperamide." Am J Psychiatry 160 (2003): 2242-2243. [PMID: 14638602]
15 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
16 Cole JM, Sheehan AH, Jordan JK "Concomitant use of ipratropium and tiotropium in chronic obstructive plmonary disease." Ann Pharmacother 46 (2012): 1717-21. [PMID: 23170031]
17 Product Information. Exalgo (hydromorphone). Covidien, Mansfield, MA.
18 Product Information. GenESA (arbutamine). Gensia Inc, San Diego, CA.
19 Linnoila M "Drug effects on psychomotor skills related to driving: interaction of atropine, glycopyrrhonium and alcohol." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 6 (1973): 107-12. [PMID: 4588850]
20 Product Information. Zonegran (zonisamide) Elan Pharmaceuticals, S. San Francisco, CA.
21 Product Information. Nizoral (ketoconazole). Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ.
22 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
23 Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M "Enhancement of the gastrointestinal absorption of hydrochlorothiazide by propantheline." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 13 (1978): 385-7. [PMID: 668798]
24 Postma JU, van Tilburg W "Visual hallucinations and delirium during treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel)." J Am Geriatr Soc 23 (1975): 212-5. [PMID: 123540]
25 Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
26 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
27 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
28 Product Information. Mestinon (pyridostigmine). ICN Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cost Mesa, CA.
29 Product Information. Motilium (domperidone). Janssen-Ortho Inc, Toronto, ON.
30 Algeri S, Cerletti C, Curcio M, et al. "Effect of anticholinergic drugs on gastro-intestinal absorption of L-dopa in rats and man." Eur J Pharmacol 35 (1976): 293-9. [PMID: 1248506]
31 Product Information. Symlin (pramlintide). Amphastar Pharmaceuticals Inc, South El Monte, CA.