General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTSJNHTH)

DOT Name Myocardin (MYOCD)
Gene Name MYOCD
Related Disease
Chronic kidney disease ( )
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia ( )
Advanced cancer ( )
Alzheimer disease ( )
Atrial fibrillation ( )
Cardiac failure ( )
Cardiomyopathy ( )
Cardiovascular disease ( )
Congenital heart disease ( )
Congestive heart failure ( )
Diabetic kidney disease ( )
Dilated cardiomyopathy ( )
Dilated cardiomyopathy 1A ( )
Erectile dysfunction ( )
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( )
Lateral meningocele syndrome ( )
Lentivirus infection ( )
Limb-mammary syndrome ( )
Liposarcoma ( )
Myocardial infarction ( )
Neoplasm ( )
Nephropathy ( )
Opioid dependence ( )
Renal fibrosis ( )
Uterine fibroids ( )
Varicose veins ( )
Vascular disease ( )
Bone osteosarcoma ( )
Breast cancer ( )
Breast carcinoma ( )
Familial atrial fibrillation ( )
High blood pressure ( )
Leiomyosarcoma ( )
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( )
Osteosarcoma ( )
Coronary heart disease ( )
Arteriosclerosis ( )
Atherosclerosis ( )
Megabladder, congenital ( )
Metastatic malignant neoplasm ( )
Smith-McCort dysplasia 1 ( )
UniProt ID
MYCD_HUMAN
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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Pfam ID
PF02755 ; PF02037
Sequence
MTLLGSEHSLLIRSKFRSVLQLRLQQRRTQEQLANQGIIPPLKRPAEFHEQRKHLDSDKA
KNSLKRKARNRCNSADLVNMHILQASTAERSIPTAQMKLKRARLADDLNEKIALRPGPLE
LVEKNILPVDSAVKEAIKGNQVSFSKSTDAFAFEEDSSSDGLSPDQTRSEDPQNSAGSPP
DAKASDTPSTGSLGTNQDLASGSENDRNDSASQPSHQSDAGKQGLGPPSTPIAVHAAVKS
KSLGDSKNRHKKPKDPKPKVKKLKYHQYIPPDQKAEKSPPPMDSAYARLLQQQQLFLQLQ
ILSQQQQQQQHRFSYLGMHQAQLKEPNEQMVRNPNSSSTPLSNTPLSPVKNSFSGQTGVS
SFKPGPLPPNLDDLKVSELRQQLRIRGLPVSGTKTALMDRLRPFQDCSGNPVPNFGDITT
VTFPVTPNTLPNYQSSSSTSALSNGFYHFGSTSSSPPISPASSDLSVAGSLPDTFNDASP
SFGLHPSPVHVCTEESLMSSLNGGSVPSELDGLDSEKDKMLVEKQKVINELTWKLQQEQR
QVEELRMQLQKQKRNNCSEKKPLPFLAASIKQEEAVSSCPFASQVPVKRQSSSSECHPPA
CEAAQLQPLGNAHCVESSDQTNVLSSTFLSPQCSPQHSPLGAVKSPQHISLPPSPNNPHF
LPSSSGAQGEGHRVSSPISSQVCTAQMAGLHSSDKVGPKFSIPSPTFSKSSSAISEVTQP
PSYEDAVKQQMTRSQQMDELLDVLIESGEMPADAREDHSCLQKVPKIPRSSRSPTAVLTK
PSASFEQASSGSQIPFDPYATDSDEHLEVLLNSQSPLGKMSDVTLLKIGSEEPHFDGIMD
GFSGKAAEDLFNAHEILPGPLSPMQTQFSPSSVDSNGLQLSFTESPWETMEWLDLTPPNS
TPGFSALTTSSPSIFNIDFLDVTDLNLNSSMDLHLQQW
Function
Smooth muscle cells (SM) and cardiac muscle cells-specific transcriptional factor which uses the canonical single or multiple CArG boxes DNA sequence. Acts as a cofactor of serum response factor (SRF) with the potential to modulate SRF-target genes. Plays a crucial role in cardiogenesis, urinary bladder development, and differentiation of the smooth muscle cell lineage (myogenesis). Positively regulates the transcription of genes involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in the heart, aorta and bladder . Expressed in smooth muscle cell-containing tissues: stomach, small intestine, colon, lung, placenta and uterus . Very faint expression in prostate and skeletal muscle .
Reactome Pathway
Cardiogenesis (R-HSA-9733709 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

41 Disease(s) Related to This DOT
Disease Name Disease ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
Chronic kidney disease DISW82R7 Definitive Altered Expression [1]
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia DIS0JX3M Strong Biomarker [2]
Advanced cancer DISAT1Z9 Strong Altered Expression [3]
Alzheimer disease DISF8S70 Strong Altered Expression [4]
Atrial fibrillation DIS15W6U Strong Genetic Variation [5]
Cardiac failure DISDC067 Strong Altered Expression [6]
Cardiomyopathy DISUPZRG Strong Biomarker [7]
Cardiovascular disease DIS2IQDX Strong Biomarker [8]
Congenital heart disease DISQBA23 Strong Biomarker [7]
Congestive heart failure DIS32MEA Strong Altered Expression [6]
Diabetic kidney disease DISJMWEY Strong Biomarker [9]
Dilated cardiomyopathy DISX608J Strong Altered Expression [6]
Dilated cardiomyopathy 1A DIS0RK9Z Strong Altered Expression [10]
Erectile dysfunction DISD8MTH Strong Biomarker [11]
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy DISQG2AI Strong Genetic Variation [12]
Lateral meningocele syndrome DISG74RP Strong Biomarker [13]
Lentivirus infection DISX17PY Strong Altered Expression [14]
Limb-mammary syndrome DIS7H4FP Strong Biomarker [13]
Liposarcoma DIS8IZVM Strong Altered Expression [15]
Myocardial infarction DIS655KI Strong Biomarker [8]
Neoplasm DISZKGEW Strong Biomarker [16]
Nephropathy DISXWP4P Strong Altered Expression [10]
Opioid dependence DIS6WEHK Strong Genetic Variation [17]
Renal fibrosis DISMHI3I Strong Altered Expression [18]
Uterine fibroids DISBZRMJ Strong Biomarker [19]
Varicose veins DISIMBN2 Strong Biomarker [20]
Vascular disease DISVS67S Strong Biomarker [21]
Bone osteosarcoma DIST1004 moderate Altered Expression [22]
Breast cancer DIS7DPX1 moderate Biomarker [3]
Breast carcinoma DIS2UE88 moderate Biomarker [3]
Familial atrial fibrillation DISL4AGF moderate Biomarker [5]
High blood pressure DISY2OHH moderate Biomarker [23]
Leiomyosarcoma DIS6COXM moderate Biomarker [16]
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma DISAOTQ0 moderate Biomarker [24]
Osteosarcoma DISLQ7E2 moderate Altered Expression [22]
Coronary heart disease DIS5OIP1 Disputed Biomarker [25]
Arteriosclerosis DISK5QGC Limited Altered Expression [26]
Atherosclerosis DISMN9J3 Limited Altered Expression [26]
Megabladder, congenital DIS4Q9PL Limited Autosomal dominant [7]
Metastatic malignant neoplasm DIS86UK6 Limited Altered Expression [27]
Smith-McCort dysplasia 1 DIS8072R Limited Altered Expression [28]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 41 Disease(s)
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
14 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [29]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Approved Ciclosporin affects the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [30]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Approved Doxorubicin decreases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [31]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Approved Cisplatin decreases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [32]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Approved Arsenic trioxide increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [34]
Triclosan DMZUR4N Approved Triclosan decreases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [35]
Progesterone DMUY35B Approved Progesterone increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [36]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Approved Panobinostat increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [37]
SNDX-275 DMH7W9X Phase 3 SNDX-275 decreases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [38]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB Patented PMID28460551-Compound-2 decreases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [41]
Geldanamycin DMS7TC5 Discontinued in Phase 2 Geldanamycin increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [34]
Trichostatin A DM9C8NX Investigative Trichostatin A increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [43]
Formaldehyde DM7Q6M0 Investigative Formaldehyde increases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [44]
Sulforaphane DMQY3L0 Investigative Sulforaphane decreases the expression of Myocardin (MYOCD). [45]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 14 Drug(s)
4 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 Approved Arsenic affects the methylation of Myocardin (MYOCD). [33]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 Phase 1 Benzo(a)pyrene increases the methylation of Myocardin (MYOCD). [39]
TAK-243 DM4GKV2 Phase 1 TAK-243 increases the sumoylation of Myocardin (MYOCD). [40]
Bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Investigative Bisphenol A decreases the methylation of Myocardin (MYOCD). [42]
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References

1 Decreased microRNA is involved in the vascular remodeling abnormalities in chronic kidney disease (CKD).PLoS One. 2013 May 22;8(5):e64558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064558. Print 2013.
2 MiR-93-5p inhibits the EMT of breast cancer cells via targeting MKL-1 and STAT3.Exp Cell Res. 2017 Aug 1;357(1):135-144. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.007. Epub 2017 May 9.
3 Myocardin inhibits estrogen receptor alpha-mediated proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells via regulating MicroRNA expression.IUBMB Life. 2016 Jun;68(6):477-87. doi: 10.1002/iub.1507. Epub 2016 May 9.
4 Serum response factor and myocardin mediate arterial hypercontractility and cerebral blood flow dysregulation in Alzheimer's phenotype.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 16;104(3):823-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608251104. Epub 2007 Jan 10.
5 Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation.Nat Genet. 2018 Jun 11;50(9):1225-1233. doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0133-9.
6 Myocardin mRNA is augmented in the failing myocardium: expression profiling in the porcine model and human dilated cardiomyopathy.J Mol Med (Berl). 2003 Sep;81(9):566-77. doi: 10.1007/s00109-003-0470-7. Epub 2003 Aug 13.
7 Loss-of-function variants in myocardin cause congenital megabladder in humans and mice. J Clin Invest. 2019 Dec 2;129(12):5374-5380. doi: 10.1172/JCI128545.
8 LncRNA CAIF inhibits autophagy and attenuates myocardial infarction by blocking p53-mediated myocardin transcription.Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 2;9(1):29. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02280-y.
9 High glucose downregulates myocardin expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells via the ERK signaling pathway.Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 24;8(50):87390-87400. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.20498. eCollection 2017 Oct 20.
10 Myocardin ablation in a cardiac-renal rat model.Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 10;9(1):5872. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42009-z.
11 In vivo tracking on longer retention of transplanted myocardin gene-modified adipose-derived stem cells to improve erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats.Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019 Jul 16;10(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1325-7.
12 Myocardin gene regulatory variants as surrogate markers of cardiac hypertrophy - study in a genetically homogeneous population.Clin Genet. 2008 Jan;73(1):71-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00932.x. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
13 Targeted exome sequencing profiles genetic alterations in leiomyosarcoma.Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2016 Feb;55(2):124-30. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22318. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
14 NF-B inhibits the differentiation of hysteromyoma cells by reducing myocardin expression.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Jul;22(13):4075-4079. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201807_15397.
15 Strong smooth muscle differentiation is dependent on myocardin gene amplification in most human retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas.Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2269-78. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1443. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
16 Genome profiling is an efficient tool to avoid the STUMP classification of uterine smooth muscle lesions: a comprehensive array-genomic hybridization analysis of 77 tumors.Mod Pathol. 2018 May;31(5):816-828. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.185. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
17 Response to methadone maintenance treatment is associated with the MYOCD and GRM6 genes.Mol Diagn Ther. 2010 Jun 1;14(3):171-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03256370.
18 Lysophosphatidic acid signaling through its receptor initiates profibrotic epithelial cell fibroblast communication mediated by epithelial cell derived connective tissue growth factor.Kidney Int. 2017 Mar;91(3):628-641. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.030. Epub 2016 Dec 4.
19 ER inhibited myocardin-induced differentiation in uterine fibroids.Exp Cell Res. 2017 Jan 1;350(1):73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Nov 19.
20 IQGAP1 promotes the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle by myocardin pathway: a potential target for varicose vein.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Sep 15;7(10):6475-85. eCollection 2014.
21 Myocardin regulates vascular smooth muscle cell inflammatory activation and disease.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 Apr;35(4):817-28. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.305218. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
22 MicroRNA-135b promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells by degrading myocardin.Int J Oncol. 2014 Nov;45(5):2024-32. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2641. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
23 Inhibition of SRF/myocardin reduces aortic stiffness by targeting vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening in hypertension.Cardiovasc Res. 2017 Feb;113(2):171-182. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvw222. Epub 2016 Oct 23.
24 Frequent epigenetic inactivation of Myocardin in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Head Neck. 2011 Jan;33(1):54-9. doi: 10.1002/hed.21396.
25 Coronary Disease-Associated Gene TCF21 Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Blocking the Myocardin-Serum Response Factor Pathway.Circ Res. 2020 Feb 14;126(4):517-529. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315968. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
26 Liuwei Dihuang soft capsules inhibits the phenotypic conversion of VSMC to prevent the menopausal atherosclerosis by up-regulating the expression of myocardin.J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jan 10;246:112207. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112207. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
27 Tumor Progression Is Mediated by Thymosin-4 through a TGF/MRTF Signaling Axis.Mol Cancer Res. 2018 May;16(5):880-893. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0715. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
28 Myocardin: A novel player in atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis. 2017 Feb;257:266-278. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.12.002. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
29 Human embryonic stem cell-derived test systems for developmental neurotoxicity: a transcriptomics approach. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Jan;87(1):123-43.
30 Evaluation of a human iPSC-derived BBB model for repeated dose toxicity testing with cyclosporine A as model compound. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Jun;73:105112. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105112. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
31 Bringing in vitro analysis closer to in vivo: studying doxorubicin toxicity and associated mechanisms in 3D human microtissues with PBPK-based dose modelling. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Sep 15;294:184-192.
32 Activation of AIFM2 enhances apoptosis of human lung cancer cells undergoing toxicological stress. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 6;258:227-236.
33 Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: identifying sites of 5-methylcytosine alterations that predict functional changes in gene expression in newborn cord blood and subsequent birth outcomes. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jan;143(1):97-106. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu210. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
34 Identification of transcriptome signatures and biomarkers specific for potential developmental toxicants inhibiting human neural crest cell migration. Arch Toxicol. 2016 Jan;90(1):159-80.
35 Transcriptome and DNA methylome dynamics during triclosan-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation toxicity. Stem Cells Int. 2018 Oct 29;2018:8608327.
36 Unique transcriptome, pathways, and networks in the human endometrial fibroblast response to progesterone in endometriosis. Biol Reprod. 2011 Apr;84(4):801-15.
37 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
38 Definition of transcriptome-based indices for quantitative characterization of chemically disturbed stem cell development: introduction of the STOP-Toxukn and STOP-Toxukk tests. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Feb;91(2):839-864.
39 Air pollution and DNA methylation alterations in lung cancer: A systematic and comparative study. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 3;8(1):1369-1391. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13622.
40 Inhibiting ubiquitination causes an accumulation of SUMOylated newly synthesized nuclear proteins at PML bodies. J Biol Chem. 2019 Oct 18;294(42):15218-15234. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009147. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
41 Cell-based two-dimensional morphological assessment system to predict cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114761. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114761. Epub 2019 Sep 15.
42 DNA methylome-wide alterations associated with estrogen receptor-dependent effects of bisphenols in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 2019 Oct 10;11(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s13148-019-0725-y.
43 From transient transcriptome responses to disturbed neurodevelopment: role of histone acetylation and methylation as epigenetic switch between reversible and irreversible drug effects. Arch Toxicol. 2014 Jul;88(7):1451-68.
44 Regulation of chromatin assembly and cell transformation by formaldehyde exposure in human cells. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Sep 21;125(9):097019.
45 Transcriptome and DNA methylation changes modulated by sulforaphane induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA damage, and suppression of proliferation in human liver cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Feb;136:111047. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111047. Epub 2019 Dec 12.