General Information of Disease (ID: DISMB65Y)

Disease Name Alcohol use disorder
Synonyms
intoxication, chronic alcoholic; dependence, alcohol; chronic alcoholic intoxication; alcoholism; alcoholic intoxication, chronic; alcohol use disorder; alcohol dependence; alcohol addiction; addiction, alcohol; abuse, alcohol; ethanol abuse; alcohol abuse
Disease Class 6C40: Substance abuse
Definition The use of alcoholic beverages to excess, either on individual occasions ("binge drinking") or as a regular practice.
Disease Hierarchy
DIS327VW: Substance abuse
DIS3K4KK: Alcohol-related disorders
DISMB65Y: Alcohol use disorder
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 6C40.2
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0002046
MESH ID
D000437
UMLS CUI
C0085762
MedGen ID
39339
SNOMED CT ID
15167005

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
Zonisamide DM0DTF7 Approved Small molecular drug [1]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
PT-150 DMJVPHA Phase 1 Small molecule [2]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 49 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
APOE TTKS9CB Limited Biomarker [3]
CCKAR TTCG0AL Limited Biomarker [4]
COMT TTKWFB8 Limited Genetic Variation [5]
CYP2E1 TTWVHQ5 Limited Biomarker [6]
GABRA2 TTBMV1G Limited Genetic Variation [7]
GATA4 TT1VDN2 Limited Biomarker [8]
GHSR TTWDC17 Limited Therapeutic [9]
HDAC2 TTSHTOI Limited Biomarker [10]
MAOA TT3WG5C Limited Biomarker [11]
NPY TT64REZ Limited Biomarker [12]
SLC6A3 TTVBI8W Limited Biomarker [13]
TLR2 TTY7ZHS Limited Biomarker [14]
DRD3 TT4C8EA moderate Genetic Variation [15]
HCRTR1 TT60Q8D moderate Biomarker [16]
HTR1B TTK8CXU moderate Biomarker [17]
LDLR TTH0DUS moderate Altered Expression [18]
POMC TT21AKM moderate Biomarker [19]
TPH2 TT3KLDP moderate Genetic Variation [20]
CHRNA5 TTH2QRX Strong Biomarker [21]
CNR2 TTMSFAW Strong Biomarker [22]
CRH TTA7YIZ Strong Biomarker [23]
DRD4 TTE0A2F Strong Genetic Variation [24]
F2 TT6L509 Strong Biomarker [25]
FN1 TTPJ921 Strong Altered Expression [26]
FSHB TT13GFV Strong Biomarker [27]
FYN TT2B9KF Strong Biomarker [28]
GABRA1 TT1MPAY Strong Biomarker [29]
GABRG2 TT06RH5 Strong Biomarker [30]
GAL TTXZAJ5 Strong Biomarker [31]
GGT1 TTZVT7O Strong Biomarker [32]
HTR1A TTSQIFT Strong Biomarker [33]
IGF1 TTT6LOU Strong Biomarker [34]
IL17A TTG0MT6 Strong Biomarker [35]
MMP2 TTLM12X Strong Biomarker [36]
NPY2R TTJ6WK9 Strong Biomarker [37]
NPY5R TTY6EWA Strong Biomarker [38]
OPRL1 TTNT7K8 Strong Biomarker [39]
OPRM1 TTKWM86 Strong Genetic Variation [40]
PDE4B TTVIAT9 Strong Biomarker [41]
SIRT1 TTUF2HO Strong Biomarker [42]
SLC6A4 TT3ROYC Strong Biomarker [43]
SNCA TT08OSU Strong Biomarker [44]
TACR1 TTZPO1L Strong Biomarker [45]
TACR3 TTBPGLU Strong Biomarker [46]
TF TT8WXAV Strong Biomarker [47]
CTRC TT3RMNA Definitive Genetic Variation [48]
KCNJ6 TTTIBVP Definitive Genetic Variation [49]
NPC1L1 TTPD1CN Definitive Biomarker [50]
TKT TT04R7I Definitive Biomarker [51]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 49 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 7 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
ADH4 DEOCWU3 moderate Biomarker [52]
AKR1A1 DED2FW3 moderate Biomarker [53]
ALDH1A1 DE2JP1Y moderate Biomarker [54]
ABO DESIA7R Strong Biomarker [55]
ADH1B DEEN9RD Strong Genetic Variation [56]
ADH1C DEM1HNL Strong Genetic Variation [57]
ADH5 DEIOH6A Strong Biomarker [58]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 7 DME(s)
This Disease Is Related to 29 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
DDX53 OTHK3EGZ Limited Biomarker [59]
HFE OTDD93KB Limited Genetic Variation [60]
CLOCK OTNEOJY7 Disputed Genetic Variation [61]
SHBG OTPWU5IW moderate Genetic Variation [62]
ANXA4 OTUCRYXL Strong Biomarker [63]
CDK20 OTOLNN68 Strong Biomarker [41]
CHRNA3 OTCZQY1U Strong Biomarker [21]
ERCC1 OTNPYQHI Strong Biomarker [64]
GABBR1 OTU5A52J Strong Biomarker [30]
GALR3 OTXU6PKO Strong Biomarker [65]
GPHN OTAKK1SV Strong Biomarker [30]
LHB OT5GBOVJ Strong Biomarker [27]
MCM5 OTAHLB62 Strong Biomarker [64]
MPDZ OT9WY1QM Strong Biomarker [66]
PDYN OTEJ6430 Strong Biomarker [67]
PENK OT8P3HMP Strong Biomarker [68]
RPL18A OTKBMVCX Strong Biomarker [69]
SPI1 OTVCA1D0 Strong Therapeutic [70]
TAS2R16 OT67HLNS Strong Biomarker [71]
TAS2R38 OTX5MM36 Strong Biomarker [71]
TBX19 OTXEMR2U Strong Biomarker [41]
ANKK1 OT0OM1O0 Definitive Biomarker [72]
GABRB3 OT80C3D4 Definitive Genetic Variation [73]
GINS2 OT974IYI Definitive Altered Expression [74]
HPX OT14T7Q1 Definitive Biomarker [75]
MARCHF11 OTODNSYN Definitive Biomarker [76]
NCAN OT8OO6ZE Definitive Genetic Variation [77]
SPACA9 OTVRFX49 Definitive Biomarker [78]
SPG21 OTMKJSYS Definitive Biomarker [78]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 29 DOT(s)

References

1 Zonisamide FDA Label
2 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04331288) Effects of Ethanol on the Pharmacokinetics of PT-150 (Formerly ORG34517) (PT150 PK Study). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
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5 COMT Associations with Disordered Gambling and Drinking Measures.J Gambl Stud. 2015 Jun;31(2):513-24. doi: 10.1007/s10899-013-9434-1.
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14 Ethanol induces TLR4/TLR2 association, triggering an inflammatory response in microglial cells.J Neurochem. 2013 Jul;126(2):261-73. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12276. Epub 2013 May 8.
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17 The association between HTR1B gene rs13212041 polymorphism and onset of alcohol abuse.Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019 Jan 24;15:339-347. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S191457. eCollection 2019.
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19 Deficit in beta-endorphin peptide and tendency to alcohol abuse.Peptides. 2005 Apr;26(4):701-5. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.010. Epub 2004 Dec 19.
20 Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene polymorphisms and psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Mar;32:59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Feb 1.
21 Genetic variation in the CHRNA5 gene affects mRNA levels and is associated with risk for alcohol dependence.Mol Psychiatry. 2009 May;14(5):501-10. doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.42. Epub 2008 Apr 15.
22 Involvement of cannabinoid CB2 receptor in alcohol preference in mice and alcoholism in humans.Pharmacogenomics J. 2007 Dec;7(6):380-5. doi: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500431. Epub 2006 Dec 26.
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24 DRD2 and DRD4 genes related to cognitive deficits in HIV-infected adults who abuse alcohol.Behav Brain Funct. 2015 Aug 27;11:25. doi: 10.1186/s12993-015-0072-x.
25 Proposed diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure in Japan.Hepatol Res. 2018 Mar;48(4):219-224. doi: 10.1111/hepr.13066.
26 Increased fibronectin expression in lung in the setting of chronic alcohol abuse.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Apr;31(4):675-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00352.x.
27 Alcoholic hypogonadism: hormonal response to clomiphene.Alcohol. 1995 Nov-Dec;12(6):581-7. doi: 10.1016/0741-8329(95)02006-3.
28 Genetic association between -93A/G polymorphism in the Fyn kinase gene and alcohol dependence in Spanish men.Eur Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;24(3):191-4. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.08.007. Epub 2008 Oct 11.
29 Surface expression of GABAA receptors is transcriptionally controlled by the interplay of cAMP-response element-binding protein and its binding partner inducible cAMP early repressor.J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 4;283(14):9328-40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705110200. Epub 2008 Jan 7.
30 GABAergic gene expression in postmortem hippocampus from alcoholics and cocaine addicts; corresponding findings in alcohol-nave P and NP rats.PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29369. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029369. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
31 Model of voluntary ethanol intake in zebrafish: effect on behavior and hypothalamic orexigenic peptides.Behav Brain Res. 2015 Feb 1;278:29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.024. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
32 The influence of gingival margin recession on loss of clinical attachment in alcohol-dependent patients without medical disorders.J Periodontol. 2003 Apr;74(4):485-93. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.4.485.
33 Ethanol consumption and serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor function in heterozygous BDNF (+/-) mice.J Neurochem. 2003 Jun;85(5):1139-47. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01748.x.
34 Inhibitory effects of ethanol on the growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-GH-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in the rat.Endocrinology. 1992 Dec;131(6):2603-8. doi: 10.1210/endo.131.6.1359962.
35 Effect of alcohol consumption on host release of interleukin-17 during pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Jun;25(6):872-81.
36 Morphological changes of cerebral vessels and expression patterns of MMP-2 and MMP-9 on cerebrovascular wall of alcoholic rats.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014 Apr 15;7(5):1880-8. eCollection 2014.
37 Neuropeptide Y receptor genes are associated with alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal phenotypes, and cocaine dependence.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Dec;32(12):2031-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00790.x. Epub 2008 Sep 25.
38 The neuropeptide-Y Y5 receptor antagonist L-152,804 decreases alcohol self-administration in inbred alcohol-preferring (iP) rats.Alcohol. 2005 Jul;36(3):179-86. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.10.001.
39 Pharmacological characterization of the nociceptin receptor which mediates reduction of alcohol drinking in rats.Peptides. 2002 Jan;23(1):117-25. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00587-3.
40 -Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphism A118G: lack of association in Finnish populations with alcohol dependence or alcohol consumption.Alcohol Alcohol. 2013 Sep-Oct;48(5):519-25. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agt050. Epub 2013 May 30.
41 Substance dependence low-density whole genome association study in two distinct American populations. Hum Genet. 2008 Jun;123(5):495-506. doi: 10.1007/s00439-008-0501-0. Epub 2008 Apr 26.
42 Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on Hepatic SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha in rats.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 23;370(1):44-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.005. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
43 Polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and moderators of prolactin response to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in African-American cocaine abusers and controls.Psychiatry Res. 2006 Nov 15;144(2-3):99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.012. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
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45 NK1 (TACR1) receptor gene 'knockout' mouse phenotype predicts genetic association with ADHD.J Psychopharmacol. 2010 Jan;24(1):27-38. doi: 10.1177/0269881108100255. Epub 2009 Feb 9.
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49 KCNJ6 is associated with adult alcohol dependence and involved in gene early life stress interactions in adolescent alcohol drinking.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 May;36(6):1142-8. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.247. Epub 2011 Feb 9.
50 Hepatic NPC1L1 overexpression attenuates alcoholic autophagy in mice.Mol Med Rep. 2019 Oct;20(4):3224-3232. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10549. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
51 Transketolase abnormality in cultured fibroblasts from familial chronic alcoholic men and their male offspring.J Clin Invest. 1987 Apr;79(4):1039-43. doi: 10.1172/JCI112916.
52 ADH4 intronic variations are associated with alcohol dependence: results from an Italian case-control association study.Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Feb;22(2):79-94. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834d05c8.
53 Alcohol drinking, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and alcohol metabolic genotypes in drunk drivers.Alcohol. 2012 Feb;46(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
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55 ABO blood group differences in bone mineral density of recovering alcoholic males.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1990 Dec;14(6):906-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01835.x.
56 The association between the FTO gene variant and alcohol consumption and binge and problem drinking in different gene-environment background: The HAPIEE study.Gene. 2019 Jul 30;707:30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.002. Epub 2019 May 2.
57 Further clarification of the contribution of the ADH1C gene to vulnerability of alcoholism and selected liver diseases.Hum Genet. 2012 Aug;131(8):1361-74. doi: 10.1007/s00439-012-1163-5. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
58 Influence of the immunization against heterologous alcohol dehydrogenase on liver alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes and alcohol abuse of rats.Eur J Biochem. 1993 Mar 15;212(3):757-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17715.x.
59 Stressors, psychological distress, and mental health problems amongst Brazilian medical students.Int Rev Psychiatry. 2019 Nov-Dec;31(7-8):603-607. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1669335. Epub 2019 Oct 15.
60 Genetics, Genetic Testing, and Management of Hemochromatosis: 15 Years Since Hepcidin.Gastroenterology. 2015 Oct;149(5):1240-1251.e4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.06.045. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
61 Clock genes polymorphisms in male bipolar patients with comorbid alcohol abuse.J Affect Disord. 2018 Dec 1;241:142-146. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.080. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
62 VSL#3 probiotic therapy does not reduce portal pressures in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Liver Int. 2013 Nov;33(10):1470-7. doi: 10.1111/liv.12280. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
63 Inhibition of AMPA receptor and CaMKII activity in the lateral habenula reduces depressive-like behavior and alcohol intake in rats.Neuropharmacology. 2017 Nov;126:108-120. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.035. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
64 Evaluation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA-repair genes as potential biomarkers for ethanol-induced CNS alterations.BMC Neurosci. 2012 Oct 25;13:128. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-128.
65 Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes.Genes Brain Behav. 2007 Jul;6(5):473-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00275.x. Epub 2006 Nov 3.
66 Rostroventral caudate putamen involvement in ethanol withdrawal is influenced by a chromosome 4 locus.Genes Brain Behav. 2010 Oct;9(7):768-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00611.x. Epub 2010 Sep 1.
67 A functional haplotype implicated in vulnerability to develop cocaine dependence is associated with reduced PDYN expression in human brain.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Apr;34(5):1185-97. doi: 10.1038/npp.2008.187. Epub 2008 Oct 15.
68 Disturbances in behavior and cortical enkephalin gene expression during the anticipation of ethanol in rats characterized as high drinkers.Alcohol. 2012 Sep;46(6):559-68. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.05.003. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
69 Differential expression of diacylglycerol kinase iota and L18A mRNAs in the brains of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats.Mol Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;6(1):103-8; 5. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000823.
70 Zinc supplementation restores PU.1 and Nrf2 nuclear binding in alveolar macrophages and improves redox balance and bacterial clearance in the lungs of alcohol-fed rats.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Aug;35(8):1519-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01488.x. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
71 Functional variants in TAS2R38 and TAS2R16 influence alcohol consumption in high-risk families of African-American origin.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Feb;31(2):209-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00297.x.
72 The association between DRD2/ANKK1 and genetically informed measures of alcohol use and problems.Addict Biol. 2013 May;18(3):523-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00490.x. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
73 Polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor, serotonin transporter, and GABA(A) receptor beta(3) subunit genes and alcoholism in Mexican-Americans.Alcohol. 2004 Jan;32(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.11.002.
74 GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) plays a protective role in alcohol-induced brain injury.Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019 Dec;47(1):1-9. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1540425. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
75 Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Plasma of HIV-Infected Alcohol Drinkers and Cigarette Smokers.J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020 Sep;15(3):501-519. doi: 10.1007/s11481-019-09853-2. Epub 2019 May 8.
76 Risk Factors for Problem Drinking among Evacuees in Fukushima following the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey.Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019 Aug;248(4):239-252. doi: 10.1620/tjem.248.239.
77 A common polymorphism in the NCAN gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease.J Hepatol. 2014 Nov;61(5):1073-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
78 The influence of gender on selected risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in patients hospitalized in surgical wards: A cross-sectional study.Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018 Apr;27(4):515-523. doi: 10.17219/acem/68741.